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| source 2 = FMI <ref>{{cite web | source 2 = FMI <ref>{{cite web
| url=http://suja.kapsi.fi/asema-taulukko.php?asema=101920| title = Rovaniemi extreme values | access-date =18 May 2016 | publisher = FMI open data}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wunderground.com/personal-weather-station/dashboard?ID=IROVANIE6#history/s20170213/e20170213/mdaily|title=Rantavitikka, Lapland UAS Weather - Personal Weather Station: IROVANIE6 by Wunderground.com - Weather Underground|website=Wunderground.com|access-date=24 December 2017}}</ref> | url=http://suja.kapsi.fi/asema-taulukko.php?asema=101920| title = Rovaniemi extreme values | access-date =18 May 2016 | publisher = FMI open data}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wunderground.com/personal-weather-station/dashboard?ID=IROVANIE6#history/s20170213/e20170213/mdaily|title=Rantavitikka, Lapland UAS Weather - Personal Weather Station: IROVANIE6 by Wunderground.com - Weather Underground|website=Wunderground.com|access-date=24 December 2017}}</ref>
| source = | source =
|snow colour=green
| Jan snow cm = 52 | Jan snow cm = 52
| Feb snow cm = 70 | Feb snow cm = 70

Revision as of 17:29, 26 January 2023

This article is about the city. For the soccer team known as Rovaniemi, see Rovaniemen Palloseura. Municipality in Lapland, Finland
Rovaniemi Roavvenjárga (Northern Sami)
Ruávinjargâ (Inari Sami)
Ruäʹvnjargg (Skolt Sami)
Municipality
Rovaniemen kaupunki
Rovaniemi stad
City of Rovaniemi
Clockwise from top: the Rovaniemi Church, the Rovaniemi Airport, the Santa Claus Village, downtown Rovaniemi, a view of the city from Ounasvaara, the Arktikum Science Museum, and aurora borealis in Someroharju.Clockwise from top: the Rovaniemi Church, the Rovaniemi Airport, the Santa Claus Village, downtown Rovaniemi, a view of the city from Ounasvaara, the Arktikum Science Museum, and aurora borealis in Someroharju.
Flag of RovaniemiFlagCoat of arms of RovaniemiCoat of arms
Nickname(s): Arctic Capital; Hometown of Santa Claus
Location of Rovaniemi in FinlandLocation of Rovaniemi in Finland
Coordinates: 66°30′N 025°44′E / 66.500°N 25.733°E / 66.500; 25.733
Country Finland
Region Lapland
Sub-regionRovaniemi sub-region
Charter1960
Government
 • City managerUlla-Kirsikka Vainio
Area
 • Total8,016.75 km (3,095.28 sq mi)
 • Land7,581.63 km (2,927.28 sq mi)
 • Water434.75 km (167.86 sq mi)
 • Rank5th largest in Finland
Population
 • Total65,673
 • Rank17th largest in Finland
 • Density8.66/km (22.4/sq mi)
Population by native language
 • Finnish94.8% (official)
 • Swedish0.2%
 • Sami0.3%
 • Others4.7%
Population by age
 • 0 to 1416.3%
 • 15 to 6463.8%
 • 65 or older19.9%
Time zoneUTC+02:00 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+03:00 (EEST)
Websitewww.rovaniemi.fi

Rovaniemi (/ˈroʊvəniːəmi/ ROH-və-nee-ə-mee, Template:IPA-fi; Template:Lang-sme Template:IPA-se; Template:Lang-smn; Template:Lang-sms) is a city and municipality of Finland. It is the administrative capital and commercial centre of Finland's northernmost province, Lapland, and its southern part Peräpohjola. The city centre is situated about 6 kilometres (4 miles) south of the Arctic Circle and is between the hills of Ounasvaara and Korkalovaara, at the confluence of the river Kemijoki and its tributary, the Ounasjoki. It is the second-largest city of Northern Finland after Oulu, and, together with the capital city Helsinki, it is one of Finland's most significant tourist cities in terms of foreign tourism.

The city and the surrounding Rovaniemen maalaiskunta (Rural municipality of Rovaniemi) were consolidated into a single entity on 1 January 2006. Rovaniemi municipality has an approximate population of 66,000. The urban area of Rovaniemi has a population of 53,361, in an area of about 59 km (23 sq mi). Rovaniemi is a unilingual Finnish-speaking municipality and, uncommonly for larger Finnish towns, it is also known by its Finnish name and spelling in the Swedish language.

The coat of arms of Rovaniemi was designed by Toivo Vuorela. Its explanation is “in the green field, a silver pall with light-height upper branches; accompanied by a golden flame in the upper corner“. It was originally approved on 15 August 1956 by the Rovaniemi Rural Municipal Council and confirmed on October 26 at the Ministry of the Interior as the coat of arms of the Rovaniemi Rural Council.

Name

The rova part in the name Rovaniemi has often been considered to be of Saami origin, as roavve in Northern Saami denotes a forested ridge or hill or the site of an old forest fire. The niemi part of the name means "cape". The name of the town in the Saami languages spoken in Finland are Template:Lang-smn, Template:Lang-se and Roavvenjárga and Template:Lang-sms.

History

Periodic clearance of new land for agriculture and the practise of slash-and-burn cultivation began around 750–530 BC. Artifacts found in the area suggest that an increasing number of travellers from Karelia in the east, Häme in the south and the Arctic Ocean coast in the north must have come there from 500 AD onwards. The Sami are considered to be Lapland's most indigenous existing population.

It is first mentioned by name in official documents in 1453, existing effectively as a set of small villages whose inhabitants earned their living mainly in agriculture and animal husbandry—with fishing and hunting the most important offshoots.

The exploitation of Lapland's natural resources in the 1800s boosted Rovaniemi's growth. Extensive logging sites and gold fever attracted thousands of people to Lapland. As the mining of natural resources was increased, Rovaniemi became the business centre of the province of Lapland.

The township decree was promulgated on 27 June 1928, as a result of which Rovaniemi seceded from the old rural municipality as its own market town on 1 January 1929.

Second World War

Main article: Battle of Rovaniemi
Rebuilding Rovaniemi in 1949

During the Second World War, Finland signed the Moscow Armistice and found itself involved in the Lapland War with its former German ally. Retreating German forces utilised scorched earth tactics, and though initially German General Lothar Rendulic ordered only the public buildings in Rovaniemi to be destroyed, on 13 October 1944 the German army received orders to destroy all the buildings in Rovaniemi, only excluding hospitals and houses where inhabitants were present.

While the German rearguard was going about the destruction, an ammunition train in Rovaniemi station exploded and set fire to the wooden houses of the town. The German troops suffered many casualties, mainly from glass splinters. A Finnish commando unit claimed to have blown up the ammunition train and may well have been the primary cause of the town's ruin. The cause was then unknown and generally assumed to be the deliberate intent of Rendulic. During these hostilities 90% of all the buildings in Rovaniemi were destroyed. There is a German cemetery 19 km from Rovaniemi where soldiers killed fighting in Lapland during the war are buried.

Although there has been continuous human settlement in the Rovaniemi area since at least the Stone Age, few of the buildings date back before 1944 since most of the city was destroyed during WWII. When the city was rebuilt, it was designed with input by famous Finnish architect Alvar Aalto, who planned the city's footprint in the shape of a reindeer's head, with the city roads forming the antlers, and the local sports stadium as the reindeer's eye.

Geography

Climate

Rovaniemi
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D
    42     −8 −15     34     −8 −14     36     −3 −9     31     4 −4     36     11 2     59     17 7     69     20 11     72     17 9     54     10 4     55     3 −1     49     −3 −8     42     −6 −13
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: World Meteorological Organization
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
    1.7     17 6     1.3     18 7     1.4     27 15     1.2     38 25     1.4     51 36     2.3     62 45     2.7     67 52     2.8     62 48     2.1     51 40     2.1     38 30     1.9     27 18     1.6     20 10
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

Due to its location near the Arctic Circle, Rovaniemi has a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc) with short, pleasant summers, while the winters are long, cold and snowy. The city lies just south of the 0 °C (32 °F) mean annual isotherm, but freezing in the soil is very limited even during the winter due to typical heavy snow cover. Its extreme northerly location combined with frequent overcast skies leads to very low levels of sunshine in the winter months; December averages just under six minutes of sunshine daily.

Winters are somewhat modified by marine air from the North Atlantic Current that ensures average temperatures are less extreme than expected for an inland area at such a northerly latitude. On 26 April 2019, Rovaniemi recorded its warmest April day on record with 19 °C (66 °F).

From 1 to 6 July 2021, Rovaniemi recorded 122 hours of continuous sunshine, which is a new world record. The sun shone continuously from 02:00 on 1 July 2021 to 04:00 on 6 July 2021. The previous record was 112 hours and 10 minutes at Cape Evans, Antarctica from 16–21 November 1911.

Climate data for Rovaniemi Lentoasema, elevation: 196m (1981-2010) Extremes (1959-present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 6.9
(44.4)
7.4
(45.3)
9.5
(49.1)
19.0
(66.2)
28.2
(82.8)
30.7
(87.3)
32.2
(90.0)
29.1
(84.4)
22.6
(72.7)
15.6
(60.1)
8.7
(47.7)
5.0
(41.0)
32.2
(90.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −7.9
(17.8)
−7.7
(18.1)
−2.2
(28.0)
4.0
(39.2)
11.1
(52.0)
17.2
(63.0)
19.8
(67.6)
16.2
(61.2)
10.7
(51.3)
3.4
(38.1)
−2.6
(27.3)
−6.0
(21.2)
4.7
(40.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) −10.9
(12.4)
−10.6
(12.9)
−5.9
(21.4)
0.1
(32.2)
6.4
(43.5)
12.4
(54.3)
15.5
(59.9)
12.6
(54.7)
7.3
(45.1)
1.0
(33.8)
−5.3
(22.5)
−9.1
(15.6)
1.1
(34.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −14.2
(6.4)
−13.3
(8.1)
−9.3
(15.3)
−3.6
(25.5)
2.5
(36.5)
8.2
(46.8)
11.5
(52.7)
8.9
(48.0)
4.4
(39.9)
−0.9
(30.4)
−7.5
(18.5)
−12.2
(10.0)
−2.1
(28.2)
Record low °C (°F) −38.1
(−36.6)
−35.0
(−31.0)
−27.5
(−17.5)
−18.7
(−1.7)
−11.0
(12.2)
−2.6
(27.3)
2.4
(36.3)
−0.6
(30.9)
−7.7
(18.1)
−21.5
(−6.7)
−27.9
(−18.2)
−32.9
(−27.2)
−38.1
(−36.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 42.1
(1.66)
33.6
(1.32)
35.6
(1.40)
30.9
(1.22)
35.9
(1.41)
59.1
(2.33)
69.1
(2.72)
71.7
(2.82)
54.0
(2.13)
54.6
(2.15)
48.6
(1.91)
41.7
(1.64)
576.9
(22.71)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 52
(20)
70
(28)
76
(30)
46
(18)
1
(0.4)
14
(5.5)
33
(13)
292
(115)
Average precipitation days 10 10 9 7 8 9 10 10 9 11 12 10 115
Mean monthly sunshine hours 15 57 132 203 237 271 260 182 112 60 18 3 1,550
Source 1: Finnish Meteorological Institute
Source 2: FMI
Climate data for Rovaniemi Apukka, elevation: 106m (1981-2010) Extremes (1959-present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 7.9
(46.2)
7.1
(44.8)
10.6
(51.1)
17.1
(62.8)
28.8
(83.8)
31.2
(88.2)
31.2
(88.2)
29.2
(84.6)
23.3
(73.9)
14.0
(57.2)
8.5
(47.3)
6.2
(43.2)
31.2
(88.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −8.5
(16.7)
−7.6
(18.3)
−1.8
(28.8)
4.3
(39.7)
11.3
(52.3)
17.2
(63.0)
20.0
(68.0)
17.0
(62.6)
11.1
(52.0)
3.7
(38.7)
−2.8
(27.0)
−6.6
(20.1)
4.8
(40.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) −12.8
(9.0)
−12.2
(10.0)
−7.0
(19.4)
−0.5
(31.1)
6.2
(43.2)
12.3
(54.1)
15.1
(59.2)
12.3
(54.1)
7.0
(44.6)
0.9
(33.6)
−5.8
(21.6)
−10.7
(12.7)
0.4
(32.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −18.2
(−0.8)
−17.9
(−0.2)
−12.9
(8.8)
−5.9
(21.4)
0.9
(33.6)
6.9
(44.4)
10.0
(50.0)
7.6
(45.7)
3.1
(37.6)
−2.0
(28.4)
−9.2
(15.4)
−15.6
(3.9)
−4.4
(24.1)
Record low °C (°F) −47.5
(−53.5)
−44.3
(−47.7)
−40.4
(−40.7)
−31.6
(−24.9)
−14.7
(5.5)
−3.7
(25.3)
−1.5
(29.3)
−4.1
(24.6)
−11.0
(12.2)
−28.6
(−19.5)
−34.4
(−29.9)
−39.3
(−38.7)
−47.5
(−53.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 38
(1.5)
31
(1.2)
32
(1.3)
28
(1.1)
43
(1.7)
58
(2.3)
73
(2.9)
70
(2.8)
51
(2.0)
50
(2.0)
45
(1.8)
37
(1.5)
556
(21.9)
Average precipitation days 10 9 8 7 9 9 10 10 9 10 12 9 112
Source 1: Finnish Meteorological Institute
Source 2: FMI
Rovaniemi in January 2004

The average annual temperature in Rovaniemi is 0.9 °C (33.6 °F). Snow stays on the ground 175 days a year on average. The lowest temperature ever recorded at the airport is −38.1 °C (−37 °F), recorded on 28 January 1999. However, on the same day temperatures as cold as -47.5 C were recorded at nearby weather stations. The highest temperature ever recorded is 32.2 °C (90 °F), recorded on 18 July 2018 at the railway station.

Despite the fact that Rovaniemi experiences polar day between 7 June and 6 July (30 days) it does not experience polar night. However, the sun barely gets above the horizon in the winter.

Religion

Of the parishes of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland, the city belongs to the Rovaniemi Parish.

Of the revival movements within the church, Conservative Laestadianism is particularly active in the locality, with three peace associations in the locality: the Rovaniemi Peace Association, the Rautionsaari Peace Association and the Viirinkylä Peace Association.

Other local communities include the Rovaniemi Pentecostal Church, a member of the Finnish Pentecostal Church, and the Rovaniemi Adventist Church, part of the Finnish Adventist Church.

Economy

Rovaniemi in 1999

Since Rovaniemi is the capital of the region of Lapland, many government institutions have their offices there. About 10,000 of the inhabitants are students. Rovaniemi is home to not only the University of Lapland but also the Lapland University of Applied Sciences (formerly known as the Rovaniemi Polytechnic), which comprises institutes of information and traditional technology, business, health and social care, culinary studies, forestry, rural studies, and sports. Local newspapers include the Lapin Kansa, Uusi Rovaniemi and Lappilainen.

Further information: Energiapolar

Tourism

Christmas celebration in Rovaniemi, November 2004

Because of the unspoiled nature of the area and numerous recreational opportunities, tourism is an important industry in Rovaniemi. The city has a number of hotels and restaurants located both in the centre and on the outskirts of the town, hosting over 481,000 visitors in 2013. Tourism can be seen and heard in the city's streetscape, at the Arctic Circle and at Rovaniemi Airport, Finland's one of the busiest airport in terms of passenger numbers.

Rovaniemi is also considered by Finns to be the official home town of Santa Claus. It is home to the Santa Claus Village at the Arctic Circle and SantaPark Arctic World, which is located 8 km (5 mi) north of the centre.

Directly across the river from the town is the Ounasvaara ski centre. There have been recreational activities in the Ounasvaara area since 1927, when the first winter sports were also organized. The top of the Ounasvaara hill bears the site of some of the earliest known human settlements in the area.

A phenomenon also attracting numerous tourists is the Aurora Borealis or Northern Lights. In Finnish Lapland, the number of auroral displays can be as high as 200 a year whereas in southern Finland the number is usually fewer than 20.

Attractions

Santa Claus Village

Rovaniemi's most prominent landmarks include the Jätkänkynttilä bridge with its eternal flame over the Kemijoki river, the Arktikum Science Museum which rises out of the bank of the Ounasjoki river, the Rovaniemi city hall, the Lappia Hall, which serves as a theatre, concert hall, and congress centre, and the library.

The last three mentioned buildings are designed by the famous Finnish architect Alvar Aalto. The Arktikum Science Museum is a comprehensive museum of Finland's, and the world's, Arctic regions.

Sports

Rovaniemi's Keskuskenttä, home ground of RoPS

The city is home to the football clubs Rovaniemen Palloseura, or RoPS, part of the Veikkausliiga, the Finnish premier division, and FC Santa Claus, part of the third division; to the ice hockey team Rovaniemen Kiekko, or RoKi, whose home arena is Lappi Areena and which currently competes on Mestis, the second-highest league in Finland; and to the volleyball team called Team Lakkapää (formerly Rovaniemen Santasport and Perungan Pojat), which plays in the Finland Volleyball League and won the national championship in 2003, 2007, 2008 and 2011. The Rovaniemi Nordmen, an American Football team, was formed in 2013 and has played at various levels throughout the Finnish American Football Association.

Rovaniemi has hosted several international ski competition, including the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1984, several FIS Nordic Combined World Cup and FIS Ski Jumping Continental Cup events, the 2005 FIS Nordic Junior World Ski Championships, the 1970 Winter Universiade and the 2008 Winter Transplant Games.

Transport

Rovaniemi railway station

VR Group, the Finnish state railway system, operates direct daytime and overnight passenger trains from Rovaniemi Station to Oulu, Tampere, Helsinki and Turku. Diesel-powered passenger trains operated northeast of Rovaniemi to Kemijärvi until March 2014, when electrification to Kemijärvi was completed. Rovaniemi Airport is located about 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of the Rovaniemi city centre, and it is the third-busiest airport in Finland after Helsinki-Vantaa Airport and Oulu Airport. The busiest time for the airport is in the Christmas season, when many people go on Santa Flights.

Notable inhabitants

See also: Category:People from Rovaniemi

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Finland

Rovaniemi is twinned with:

In March 2022, Rovaniemi suspended the agreement with Murmansk, Russia due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

In popular culture

Hand prints and signatures of Lordi's line-up at the time can be seen at the Lordi's Square

A 1996 Christmas episode of Tots TV called "Lapland Out" took place in Rovaniemi.

The 1998 Spanish romantic film Lovers of the Arctic Circle (Los amantes del Círculo Polar), by director Julio Medem, partly takes place in Rovaniemi.

Rovaniemi appears in the video game Tom Clancy's EndWar as a possible battlefield. In the game, Rovaniemi houses military facilities critical to a missile shield for a European Federation.

Rovaniemi is a central scene in a documentary film Reindeerspotting.

TV-Star Bam Margera and his friends travelled to Rovaniemi in their film Bam Margera Presents: Where the ♯$&% Is Santa? in order to find Santa Claus who is assumed to live in Rovaniemi.

A version of the music video for Lordi's song "Hard Rock Hallelujah" was filmed near Rovaniemi for the opening of the 2007 Eurovision Song Contest. After winning the contest, a square called the Lordi's Square (Lordin aukio) in the city center of Rovaniemi has been named after the band.

The video for the Nightwish single "The Islander" was filmed in Rovaniemi by Stobe Harju.

Rovaniemi used to have the northernmost location of any McDonald's in the world until the opening of a McDonald's in Murmansk in 2013, 23 years after it first opened in that country. However, the title of the northernmost in the world returned to Rovaniemi in 2022, when in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, all Russian McDonald's restaurants were closed, and rebranded to Vkusno i tochka.

Rovaniemi appears as one location of Gavin Lyall's 1963 book The Most Dangerous Game, a spy-thriller set in Lapland and the northern USSR.

See also

References

Notes

  1. "Area of Finnish Municipalities 1.1.2018" (PDF). National Land Survey of Finland. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  2. "Finland's preliminary population figure was 5,635,560 at the end of October 2024". Population structure. Statistics Finland. 2024-11-19. ISSN 1797-5395. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  3. "Population growth biggest in nearly 70 years". Population structure. Statistics Finland. 2024-04-26. ISSN 1797-5395. Retrieved 2024-04-29.
  4. "Population according to age (1-year) and sex by area and the regional division of each statistical reference year, 2003–2020". StatFin. Statistics Finland. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
  5. ^ "Luettelo kuntien ja seurakuntien tuloveroprosenteista vuonna 2023". Tax Administration of Finland. 14 November 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  6. "Rovaniemi". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2020-11-29.
  7. Lapin Kansa: Rovaniemen ja Helsingin johtajat saivat ministeriltä tehtävän miettiä, miten matkailu nousee korona-ajan mentyä ohi – Rahaa on luvassa EU:n elpymispaketista (in Finnish)
  8. "Sisäasiainministeriön vahvistamat kaupunkien, kauppaloiden ja kuntien vaakunat 1949-1995 (I:12) Jakso 240: Rovaniemen maalaiskunta". Kansallisarkiston digitaaliarkisto (in Finnish). Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  9. Suomen kunnallisvaakunat (in Finnish). Suomen Kunnallisliitto. 1982. pp. 121, 160. ISBN 951-773-085-3.
  10. Tällaista oli elämä Rovaniemen kauppalassa ennen kuin siitä tuli kaupunki – lapsia oli niin paljon, että koulut olivat tupaten täynnä, teiden kunnosta naristiin ja ulkopaikkakuntalaiset rötöstelivätLapin Kansa (in Finnish)
  11. Suomen Kuvalehti 39/2004
  12. Kallioniemi 1989, s. 196–209
  13. "There's So Much To See In The Capital Of Finnish Lapland". Nordic Visitor.
  14. Now (1970-01-01). "Rovaniemi, Lappi, Finland Weather Forecast and Conditions - The Weather Channel". Weather.com. Retrieved 2022-08-27.
  15. https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/assets/metofficegovuk/pdf/research/library-and-archive/library/publications/factsheets/pioneers_scott-bae-1910_1913.pdf
  16. ^ "Normal period 1981–2010". FMI. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
  17. "Rovaniemi extreme values". FMI open data. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
  18. "Rantavitikka, Lapland UAS Weather - Personal Weather Station: IROVANIE6 by Wunderground.com - Weather Underground". Wunderground.com. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
  19. "Rovaniemi extreme values". FMI open data. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
  20. "Rovaniemi Apukka - 01/1999 - Sääarkisto". suja.kapsi.fi. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
  21. "Rovaniemi Railway station". Timeanddate.com. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
  22. "Sunrise and sunset times in Rovaniemi, July 2015". Timeanddate.com. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
  23. Yhteystiedot – Suomen evankelis-luterilainen kirkko (in Finnish)
  24. Rovaniemen Rauhanyhdistys ry (in Finnish)
  25. Rautionsaaren Rauhanyhdistys Archived 2012-12-01 at the Wayback Machine (in Finnish)
  26. Viirinkylän Rauhanyhdistys (in Finnish)
  27. Seurakunnat – Suomen helluntaikirkko (in Finnish)
  28. Suomenkieliset seurakunnat – Rovaniemen adventtiseurakunta Archived 2014-06-12 at the Wayback Machine (in Finnish)
  29. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-05-28. Retrieved 2015-05-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  30. Facts about Rovaniemi AirportFinavia
  31. ^ "History of Santa Claus". The-north-pole.com. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
  32. ^ Santa Claus' Village on the Arctic Circle in Rovaniemi in Lapland in Finland Archived 2008-05-11 at the Wayback Machine
  33. ^ "Joulupukin Kammari – Santa Claus Office – Joulupkki, Lapland, Finland, Rovaniemi". Santaclauslive.com. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
  34. Ounasvaara Outdoor Resort (in English)
  35. Ounasvaara - Luonto Rovaniemi (in Finnish)
  36. HYVINVOINTI-SUOMEN LIIKUNTAYMPÄRISTÖT TEEMAHANKE 2011-2012: Ounasvaaran liikuntaympäristöt (Urheiluopisto erillinen alue), Rovaniemi (in Finnish)
  37. When to See The Northern Lights in Rovaniemi + Other FAQ’s – Visit Rovaniemi
  38. "Seura" (in Finnish). Rovaniemi Nordmen. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
  39. "PASSENGERS 2017" (PDF). Finavia.fi. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
  40. "Santa Holiday Flights". Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  41. "Tietoa Rovaniemestä: Ystävyyskaupungit" (in Finnish). City of Rovaniemi. Retrieved 2022-03-13.
  42. "The capital of Lapland freezes partnership with Murmansk". The Independent Barents Observer. Retrieved 2022-03-12.
  43. Ubisoft (2008). "Locations". Ubisoft. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  44. Hard Rock Hallelujah Special Edition (YouTube video). Rovaniemi. Archived from the original on 2021-12-11.
  45. Laine, Senni (May 30, 2006). "Sampo-aukiosta runnottiin Lordi-aukio" (in Finnish). Kaleva. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  46. McDonald's. "World's First Arctic McDonald's Opens". Prnewswire.com. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
  47. "Queuing up for world's northernmost Big Mac". Barentsobserver.com. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
  48. 'Until we meet again,' McDonald’s tells Russia as it exits the country for good - DailyO

Further reading

External links

Places adjacent to Rovaniemi
Kolari Kittilä, Sodankylä Pelkosenniemi
Pello
Ylitornio
Rovaniemi Kemijärvi
Tervola, Ranua Posio
Municipalities of Lapland
Municipalities Coat of arms of Lapland
Former municipalities
50 most populous urban areas in the Nordic countries
1. Sweden Stockholm 1,605,030
2. Denmark Copenhagen 1,330,993
3. Finland Helsinki 1,268,296
4. Norway Oslo 1,019,513
5. Sweden Gothenburg 599,011
6. Sweden Malmö 339,313
7. Finland Tampere 334,112
8. Denmark Aarhus 280,534
9. Norway Bergen 259,958
10. Finland Turku 252,468
11. Norway Stavanger/Sandnes 237,369
12. Iceland Reykjavík 228,231
13. Finland Oulu 208,939
14. Norway Trondheim 186,364
15. Denmark Odense 180,302
16. Sweden Uppsala 177,074
17. Sweden Upplands Väsby och Sollentuna 149,461
18. Denmark Aalborg 140,897
19. Sweden Västerås 128,534
20. Sweden Örebro 126,009
21. Finland Lahti 119,068
22. Finland Jyväskylä 117,974
23. Norway Fredrikstad/Sarpsborg 116,373
24. Sweden Linköping 115,672
25. Sweden Helsingborg 113,816
26. Norway Kristiansand 111,633
27. Norway Drammen 109,416
28. Sweden Jönköping 100,259
29. Sweden Norrköping 97,854
30. Sweden Lund 94,393
31. Norway Porsgrunn/Skien 93,778
32. Sweden Umeå 90,412
33. Finland Kuopio 88,520
34. Finland Pori 84,026
35. Sweden Gävle 77,586
36. Sweden Södertälje 75,773
37. Sweden Borås 73,980
38. Denmark Esbjerg 72,398
39. Sweden Halmstad 71,316
40. Sweden Växjö 71,009
41. Sweden Eskilstuna 70,342
42. Finland Joensuu 67,811
43. Sweden Karlstad 65,856
44. Finland Vaasa 65,414
45. Denmark Randers 62,482
46. Denmark Kolding 61,121
47. Denmark Horsens 59,449
48. Sweden Sundsvall 58,807
49. Denmark Vejle 57,655
50. Finland Lappeenranta 55,743
50 most populous municipalities in Finland
1. Helsinki 683,669
2. Espoo 319,811
3. Tampere 260,051
4. Vantaa 251,070
5. Oulu 216,174
6. Turku 205,949
7. Jyväskylä 149,263
8. Kuopio 125,597
9. Lahti 121,447
10. Pori 83,375
11. Joensuu 78,764
12. Kouvola 78,514
13. Lappeenranta 73,481
14. Vaasa 70,382
15. Hämeenlinna 68,421
16. Seinäjoki 66,556
17. Rovaniemi 65,673
18. Mikkeli 51,960
19. Porvoo 51,698
20. Salo 50,890
21. Kotka 50,336
22. Kokkola 48,372
23. Hyvinkää 47,041
24. Järvenpää 46,795
25. Lohja 45,670
26. Nurmijärvi 44,991
27. Tuusula 42,112
28. Kirkkonummi 41,610
29. Rauma 38,957
30. Kerava 38,444
31. Kaarina 36,538
32. Kajaani 36,517
33. Nokia 36,083
34. Kangasala 33,905
35. Ylöjärvi 33,651
36. Savonlinna 31,597
37. Vihti 28,747
38. Riihimäki 28,663
39. Raseborg 27,108
40. Raisio 25,595
41. Lempäälä 24,875
42. Imatra 24,784
43. Raahe 23,559
44. Sastamala 23,530
45. Hollola 22,834
46. Sipoo 22,789
47. Siilinjärvi 21,240
48. Pirkkala 20,996
49. Tornio 20,989
50. Mäntsälä 20,910
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