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| == Nomenclature == | == Nomenclature == | ||
| The hydronym ''Kistinka'' derives from one of the old ] ethnonyms — ''Kisti'',<ref>Leonti von Städer by ]. St. Petersburg; Leipzig, 1797 / p. 32.</ref><ref> James Percival by ]. New York, 1826 / p. 16</ref><ref>]. Dublin, 1804 / p. 13</ref><ref>]. Göttingen, 1807 / p. 359</ref><ref>] / Ред. изд-ва И.У. Будовниц. — Утверждено Институтом истории АН СССР. — М. : Изд-во АН СССР, 1963 / с. 360</ref> and is used to refer to both rivers '''Arm-khi''' ({{lang-inh |Ӏарам-хий|Aram-khi}}; {{lang-ka|ქისტეთისწყალი}}, ''Kistetis-tskali'')<ref>] ''«География Грузии»'' / Введение, перевод и примечания М.Г. Джананашвили. — Тифлисъ: Типография К.П. Козловскаго, 1904 / с. 151</ref> in the ] and '''Oakhkara-khi''' ({{lang-ka|ხდე, ქისტურა|tr}}) in the ].<ref>] Москва: Наука, 1974 / с. 146-153</ref> In 1910, ] composes a short guide titled: ''«In the mountains of the Terek region»'', where he mentions being escorted along the gorge of the river ''Kistinka'' by the Buzurtanov brothers — well-known local guides and ]s from the neighbouring |
The hydronym ''Kistinka'' derives from one of the old ] ethnonyms — ''Kisti'',<ref>Leonti von Städer by ]. St. Petersburg; Leipzig, 1797 / p. 32.</ref><ref> James Percival by ]. New York, 1826 / p. 16</ref><ref>]. Dublin, 1804 / p. 13</ref><ref>]. Göttingen, 1807 / p. 359</ref><ref>] / Ред. изд-ва И.У. Будовниц. — Утверждено Институтом истории АН СССР. — М. : Изд-во АН СССР, 1963 / с. 360</ref> and is used to refer to both rivers '''Arm-khi''' ({{lang-inh |Ӏарам-хий|Aram-khi}}; {{lang-ka|ქისტეთისწყალი}}, ''Kistetis-tskali'')<ref>] ''«География Грузии»'' / Введение, перевод и примечания М.Г. Джананашвили. — Тифлисъ: Типография К.П. Козловскаго, 1904 / с. 151</ref> in the ] and '''Oakhkara-khi''' ({{lang-ka|ხდე, ქისტურა|tr}}) in the ].<ref>] Москва: Наука, 1974 / с. 146-153</ref> In 1910, ] composes a short guide titled: ''«In the mountains of the Terek region»'', where he mentions being escorted along the gorge of the river ''Kistinka'' by the Buzurtanov brothers — well-known local guides and ]s from the neighbouring ]village ].<ref>]. Владикавказ, 1910 / с. 70</ref> | ||
| The name of this river could either come from the ] word ''"okhkaro"'' which translates as "rich", or from the root word "''kora''", meaning "window" or "pass", which could refer to the path that leads to ] through the pass from the ''Oakhkara'' gorge, where it passes through the gorge of the river ''Kora'' — a tributary of the ''Kistinka''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://portulan.ru/worldmapping/put-k-nebesam-voenno-gruzinskaya-doroga-na-staroj-karte-koncza-19-veka/|title=Путь к небесам — Военно-Грузинская дорога на старой карте конца 19 века|lang=ru}}</ref> | The name of this river could either come from the ] word ''"okhkaro"'' which translates as "rich", or from the root word "''kora''", meaning "window" or "pass", which could refer to the path that leads to ] through the pass from the ''Oakhkara'' gorge, where it passes through the gorge of the river ''Kora'' — a tributary of the ''Kistinka''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://portulan.ru/worldmapping/put-k-nebesam-voenno-gruzinskaya-doroga-na-staroj-karte-koncza-19-veka/|title=Путь к небесам — Военно-Грузинская дорога на старой карте конца 19 века|lang=ru}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 15:43, 25 February 2023
River in the Caucasus Not to be confused with the river «Armkhi» (Kistinka).| Kistinka | |
|---|---|
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| Native name | |
| Location | |
| Countries | Georgia |
| Region | Mtskheta-Mtianeti |
| District | Kazbegi Municipality |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Kibishi Glacier |
| • coordinates | 42°37′31″N 44°44′58″E / 42.6252°N 44.7494°E / 42.6252; 44.7494 |
| • elevation | +2,345 m (7,694 ft) |
| Mouth | Terek |
| • location | 566 km along the right bank of the Terek river |
| • coordinates | 42°44′18″N 44°37′44″E / 42.7382°N 44.629°E / 42.7382; 44.629 |
| • elevation | −1,310 m (−4,300 ft) |
| Length | 17 km (11 mi) |
| Basin size | 79 km (31 sq mi) |
Kistinka (Georgian: ხდე, ქისტურა, Template:Lang-inh Template:Lang-ru) is a river in Georgia that flows in the Khevi region. It originates at the foot of the Kibishi Glacier and flows to the northwest into the river Terek near the Russian-Georgian border. The length of the river is 17 km, the basin area is 79 km².
Nomenclature
The hydronym Kistinka derives from one of the old Ingush ethnonyms — Kisti, and is used to refer to both rivers Arm-khi (Template:Lang-inh; Georgian: ქისტეთისწყალი, Kistetis-tskali) in the Dzheyrakhsky District and Oakhkara-khi (Georgian: ხდე, ქისტურა, romanized: khde, kist'ura) in the Kazbegi Municipality. In 1910, Foma Gorepekin composes a short guide titled: «In the mountains of the Terek region», where he mentions being escorted along the gorge of the river Kistinka by the Buzurtanov brothers — well-known local guides and alpinists from the neighbouring Ingushvillage Gveleti.
The name of this river could either come from the Ingush word "okhkaro" which translates as "rich", or from the root word "kora", meaning "window" or "pass", which could refer to the path that leads to Gudauri through the pass from the Oakhkara gorge, where it passes through the gorge of the river Kora — a tributary of the Kistinka.
References
- Leonti von Städer by Peter Simon Pallas. «Tagebuch einer Reise die im Jahr 1781 von der Granzfestung Mosdok nach dem innern Caucasus unternommen worden» St. Petersburg; Leipzig, 1797 / p. 32.
- James Percival by Sir Richard Phillips. «A Geographical View of the World: Embracing the Manners, Customs, and Pursuits, of Every Nation; Founded on the Best Authorities» New York, 1826 / p. 16
- Charles Vallancey. «Collectanea de Rebus Hibernicis VI» Dublin, 1804 / p. 13
- Johann Gottfried Eichhorn. «Geschichte der Litteratur, von ihrem Anfang bis auf die neuesten Zeiten» Göttingen, 1807 / p. 359
- Екатерина Кушева «Народы Северного Кавказа и их связи с Россией (вторая половина XVI — 30-е годы XVII века)» / Ред. изд-ва И.У. Будовниц. — Утверждено Институтом истории АН СССР. — М. : Изд-во АН СССР, 1963 / с. 360
- Вахушти Багратиони. «География Грузии» / Введение, перевод и примечания М.Г. Джананашвили. — Тифлисъ: Типография К.П. Козловскаго, 1904 / с. 151
- Наталия Волкова. «Этнический состав населения Северного Кавказа в XVIII — начале XX в.» Москва: Наука, 1974 / с. 146-153
- Фома Горепекин. «По горам Терской области : краткий путеводитель» Владикавказ, 1910 / с. 70
- "Путь к небесам — Военно-Грузинская дорога на старой карте конца 19 века" (in Russian).