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Sixth Netanyahu cabinet
37th Cabinet of Israel
Incumbent
Ministers of the government with President Herzog
Date formed	29 December 2022 (2022-December-29)
People and organisations
President	Isaac Herzog
Prime minister	Benjamin Netanyahu
No. of ministers	32
Member parties	Likud Shas Religious Zionism United Torah Judaism Otzma Yehudit Noam
Status in legislature	Coalition
Opposition parties	Yesh Atid National Unity Yisrael Beiteinu Ra'am Hadash–Ta'al Labor
Opposition leader	Yair Lapid
History
Election	2022 Knesset election
Legislature terms	25th Knesset
Incoming formation	2019–2022 political crisis
Predecessor	36th government

The thirty-seventh government of Israel is the current cabinet of Israel, formed on 29 December 2022 following the Knesset election on 1 November 2022. The coalition government consists of six parties—Likud, United Torah Judaism, Shas, Religious Zionist Party, Otzma Yehudit, and Noam—and is led by Benjamin Netanyahu, who has taken office as the Prime Minister of Israel for the sixth time.

Background

The right-wing bloc of parties, led by Benjamin Netanyahu, known in Israel as the national camp, won 64 of the 120 seats in the elections for the Knesset, while the coalition led by the incumbent prime minister Yair Lapid won 51 seats. The new majority has been variously described as the most right-wing government in Israeli history, as well as Israel’s most religious government.

Shortly after the elections, Lapid conceded to Netanyahu, and congratulated him, wishing him luck "for the sake of the Israeli people". On 15 November, the swearing-in ceremony for the newly elected members of the 25th Knesset was held during the opening session. The vote to appoint a new Speaker of the Knesset, which is usually conducted at the opening session, and the swearing in of cabinet members were postponed since ongoing coalition negotiations had not yet resulted in agreement on these positions.

Government formation

Israeli government formation, November 2022

← May 2021 November 2022

Nominee Benjamin Netanyahu Yair Lapid Party Likud Yesh Atid Electoral vote 64 29

Prime Minister before election Yair Lapid Yesh Atid Prime Minister After Benjamin Netanyahu Likud

On 3 November 2022, Netanyahu told his aide Yariv Levin to begin informal coalition talks with allied parties, after 97% of the vote was counted. The leader of the Shas party Aryeh Deri met with Yitzhak Goldknopf, the leader of United Torah Judaism and its Agudat Yisrael faction, on 4 November. The two parties agreed to cooperate as members of the next government. The Degel HaTorah faction of United Torah Judaism stated on 5 November that it will maintain its ideological stance about not seeking any ministerial posts, as per the instruction of its spiritual leader Rabbi Gershon Edelstein, but will seek other senior posts like Knesset committee chairmen and deputy ministers.

Netanyahu himself started holding talks on 6 November. He first met with Moshe Gafni, the leader of Degel HaTorah, and then with Goldknopf. Meanwhile, the Religious Zionist Party leader Bezalel Smotrich and the leader of its Otzma Yehudit faction Itamar Ben-Gvir pledged that they would not enter the coalition without the other faction. Gafni later met with Smotrich for coalition talks. Smotrich then met with Netanyahu. On 7 November, Netanyahu met with Ben-Gvir who demanded the Ministry of Public Security with expanded powers for himself and the Ministry of Education or Transport and Road Safety for Yitzhak Wasserlauf. A major demand among all of Netanyahu's allies was that the Knesset be allowed to ignore the rulings of the Supreme Court. Netanyahu met with the Noam faction leader and its sole MK Avi Maoz on 8 November after he threatened to boycott the coalition. He demanded complete control of the Western Wall by the Haredi rabbinate and removal of what he considered as anti-Zionist and anti-Jewish content in schoolbooks.

President Isaac Herzog began consultations with heads of all the political parties on 9 November after the election results were certified. During the consultations, he expressed his reservations about Ben-Gvir becoming a member in the next government. Shas met with Likud for coalition talks on 10 November. By 11 November, Netanyahu had secured recommendations from 64 MKs, which constituted a majority. He was given the mandate to form the thirty-seventh government of Israel by President Herzog on 13 November. Otzma Yehudit and Noam officially split from Religious Zionism on 20 November as per a pre-election agreement.

On 25 November, Otzma Yehudit and Likud signed a coalition agreement, under which Ben-Gvir will assume the newly created position of National Security Minister, whose powers would be more expansive than that of the Minister of Public Security, including overseeing the Israel Police and the Israel Border Police in the West Bank, as well as giving powers to authorities to shoot thieves stealing from military bases. Yitzhak Wasserlauf was given the Ministry for the Development of the Negev and the Galilee with expanded powers to regulate new West Bank settlements, while separating it from the "Periphery" portfolio, which will be given to Shas. The deal also includes giving the Ministry of Heritage to Amihai Eliyahu, separating it from the "Jerusalem Affairs" portfolio, the chairmanship of the Knesset's Public Security Committee to Zvika Fogel and that of the Special Committee for the Israeli Citizens' Fund to Limor Son Har-Melech, the post of Deputy Economic Minister to Almog Cohen, establishment of a national guard, and expansion of mobilization of reservists in the Border Police.

Netanyahu and Maoz signed a coalition agreement on 27 November, under which the latter would become a deputy minister, would head an agency on Jewish identity in the Prime Minister's Office, and would also head Nativ, which processes the aliyah from the former Soviet Union. The agency for Jewish identity would have authority over educational content taught outside the regular curriculum in schools, in addition to the department of the Ministry of Education overseeing external teaching and partnerships, which would bring nonofficial organisations permitted to teach and lecture at schools under its purview.

Likud signed a coalition agreement with the Religious Zionist Party on 1 December. Under the deal, Smotrich would serve as the Minister of Finance in rotation with Aryeh Deri, and the party will receive the post of a minister within the Ministry of Defense with control over the departments administering settlement and open lands under the Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories, in addition to another post of a deputy minister. The deal also includes giving the post of Minister of Aliyah and Integration to Ofir Sofer, the newly created National Missions Ministry to Orit Strook, and the chairmanship of the Knesset's Constitution, Law and Justice Committee to Simcha Rothman.

Likud and United Torah Judaism signed a coalition agreement on 6 December, in order to allow request for an extension to the deadline. Under it, the party would receive the Ministry of Construction and Housing, the chairmanship of the Knesset Finance Committee which will be given to Moshe Gafni, the Ministry of Jerusalem and Tradition (which would replace the Ministry of Jerusalem Affairs and Heritage), in addition to several posts of deputy ministers and chairmanships of Knesset committees.

Likud also signed a deal with Shas by 8 December, securing interim coalition agreements with all of their allies. Under the deal, Deri will first serve as the Minister of Interior and Health, before rotating posts with Smotrich after two years. The party will also receive the Ministry of Religious Services and Welfare Ministries, as well as posts of deputy ministers in the Ministry of Education and Interior.

The vote to replace then-incumbent Knesset speaker Mickey Levy was scheduled for 13 December, after Likud and its allies secured the necessary number of signatures for it. Yariv Levin of Likud was elected as an interim speaker by 64 votes, while his opponents Merav Ben-Ari of Yesh Atid and Ayman Odeh of Hadash got 45 and five votes respectively.

Netanyahu asked Herzog for a 14-day extension after the agreement with Shas in order to finalise the roles his allied parties would play. Herzog on 9 December extended the deadline to 21 December. On that date, Netanyahu informed Herzog that he had succeeded in forming a coalition, with the new government expected to be sworn in by 2 January 2023. The government was sworn in on 29 December 2022.

Members of government

Ministers

The following are the current ministers in the government:

Deputy ministers

Principles and priorities

According to the agreements signed between Likud and each of its coalition partners, and the incoming government's published guideline principles, its stated priorities are to combat the cost of living, further centralize Orthodox control over state Jewish services, pass judicial reforms that includes legislation to reduce judicial controls on executive and legislative power, expand settlements in the West Bank, and consider a West Bank annexation policy.

Before the vote of confidence in his new government in the Knesset, Netanyahu presented three top priorities for the new government; namely internal security and governance, halting the nuclear program of Iran, and the development of infrastructure, with a focus on further connecting the center of the country with the so-called periphery.

Controversies

The judicial reform

The government's flagship program, the judicial reform, drew widespread criticism. Critics highlighted the negative effects it would have on the separation of powers, the office of the Attorney General, the economy, public health, women and minorities, workers' rights, scientific research, the overall strength of Israel's democracy and its foreign relations.

Changes to the Rabbinical court

The coalition's efforts to expand the purview of Rabbinical courts; force some organizations, such as hospitals, to enforce certain religious practices; amend the Law Prohibiting Discrimination to allow gender segregation and discrimination on the grounds of religious belief; expand funding for religious causes; and put into law the exemption of yeshiva and kolel students from conscription have drawn widespread criticism.

Nomination of Yossi Shelley as deputy National Statistician

On February 22 it was reported that Prime Minister Netanyahu was attempting to appoint his close associate Yossi Shelley as the deputy to the National Statistician — a highly sensitive position in charge of providing accurate data for decision makers. The appointment of Shelley, who did not posses the required qualifications for the role, was withdrawn following publication. In its daily editorial, Haaretz tied this attempt with the judicial reform: "once they take control of the judiciary, law enforcement and public media, they wish to control the state's data base, the dry numerical data it uses to plan its future".

Changes to the National Library of Israel board of directors

Also on February 22, it was revealed that Yoav Kish, the Minister of Education, was promoting a draft government decision change to the National Library of Israel board of directors which will grant him more power over the institution. In response, the Hebrew University — which owned the library until 2008 — announced that if the draft is accepted, it will withdraw its collections from the library. The university's collections, which according to the university comprise some 80% of the library's collection, include the Agnon archive, the original manuscript of Hatikvah, and the Rothschild Haggadah, the oldest known Haggadah.

A group of 300 authors and poets signed an open letter against the move, further noting their objection against "political takeover" of public broadcasting, as well as "any legislation that will castrate the judiciary and damage the democratic foundations of the state of Israel". Several days later, it was reported that a series of donors decided to withhold their donations to the library, totaling some 80 million shekel.

On March 3 a petition against the move by 1,500 academics, including Israel Prize laureates, was been sent to Kish.

The proposal has been seen by some as retribution against Shai Nitzan, the former State Attorney and the library's current rector.

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External links

• Thirty-seventh government of Israel. Knesset.

v t e Governments of Israel
	Ben-Gurion Provisional 1 2 3 4 Sharett 5 6 Ben-Gurion 7 8 9 10 Eshkol 11 12 13 Meir 14 15 16 Rabin 17 Begin 18 19 Shamir 20 Peres 21 Shamir 22 23 24 Rabin 25 Peres 26 Netanyahu 27 Barak 28 Sharon 29 30 Olmert 31 Netanyahu 32 33 34 Netanyahu–Gantz 35 Bennett–Lapid 36 Netanyahu 37

v t e Benjamin Netanyahu
9th Prime Minister of Israel (1996–1999; 2009–2021; 2022–) Leader of the Opposition (1993–1996; 2006–2009; 2021–2022) Chairman of Likud (1993–1999, 2005–)
Premiership	Governments 27 (1996–1999) 32 (2009–2013) 33 (2013–2015) 34 (2015–2020) 35 (2020–2021) 37 (2022–2023) 38 (war cabinet) (2023–) 2014 Gaza War 2018–2022 Israeli political crisis Abraham Accords Bahrain United Arab Emirates Morocco Sudan Operation Israel Guarantees 2023 Israeli judicial reform protests reactions Israel–Hamas war 2024 drone attack on Benjamin Netanyahu's residence 2024 Israeli secret document leak scandal International trips Arrest warrant
Elections	Likud leadership 1993 January 1999 2002 2005 2007 2012 2014 2019 Knesset 1996 1999 2009 2013 2015 April 2019 September 2019 2020 2021 2022
Family	Sara Netanyahu (wife) Yair Netanyahu (son) Avner Netanyahu (son) Benzion Netanyahu (father) Yonatan Netanyahu (brother) Iddo Netanyahu (brother)
Related	Trial Project 315 2020–2021 protests against Benjamin Netanyahu A Clean Break: A New Strategy for Securing the Realm The Netanyahus The Bibi Files
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