1808 United States presidential election: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively ← Previous edit Next edit →Content deleted Content addedVisual WikitextInline

Revision as of 19:14, 5 March 2023 editMismak Abel (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users2,656 editsNo edit summaryTags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit← Previous edit		Revision as of 19:50, 5 March 2023 edit undoMismak Abel (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users2,656 editsNo edit summaryTags: Mobile edit Mobile web editNext edit →
Line 166:		Line 166:
	{{U.S. presidential ticket box rowspan\|name=]\|party=]\|state=]\|pv=62,431\|pv_pct=32.4%\|ev=47\|vp_name=]\|vp_state=[[New York		{{U.S. presidential ticket box rowspan\|name=]\|party=]\|state=]\|pv=62,431\|pv_pct=32.4%\|ev=47\|vp_name=]\|vp_state=[[New York
	(state)\|New York]]}}		(state)\|New York]]}}
			{{U.S. presidential ticket box
			rowspan\|name=[[George Clinton
			(vice president)\|George
			Clinton]]\|party=[[Democratic-
			Republican Party\|Democratic-
			Republican]]\|state=[[New York
			(state)\|New York]]\|pv=—\|pv_pct=
			—\|ev=6\|vp_count=2\|vp_name=[[James
			Madison]]\|vp_state=
			]\|vp_ev=3}}
			{{U.S. presidential ticket box vp
			subrow\|vp_name=[[James
			Monroe]]\|vp_state=
			]\|vp_ev=3}}
			{{U.S. presidential ticket box
			row\|name=]\|party=
			[[Democratic-Republican
			Party\|Democratic-
			Republican]]\|state=
			]\|pv=4,848\|pv_pct=2.5%\|
			ev=0\|vp_name=None\|vp_state=N/A\|vp_
			ev=N/A}}
			{{U.S. presidential ticket box
			row\|name=[[Unpledged
			elector]]s\|party=None\|state=N/A\|pv
			=680\|pv_pct=0.4%\|ev=0\|vp_name=N/A\|
			vp_state=N/A\|vp_ev=N/A}}
	{{end U.S. presidential ticket		{{end U.S. presidential ticket
	box\|pv=192,691\|ev=175\|to_win=88}}		box\|pv=192,691\|ev=175\|to_win=88}}

Revision as of 19:50, 5 March 2023

6th quadrennial U.S. presidential election

1808 United States presidential election

← 1804

November 4 – December 7, 1808

1812 →

176 members of the Electoral College
89 electoral votes needed to win

Turnout

36.8%

13.0 pp


Nominee	James Madison	Charles C. Pinckney
Party	Democratic-Republican	Federalist
Home state	Virginia	South Carolina
Running mate	George Clinton	Rufus King
Electoral vote	122	47
States carried	12	5
Popular vote	124,732	62,431
Percentage	64.8%	32.4%

Presidential election results map. Green denotes states won by Madison, burnt orange denotes states won by Pinckney, and light green denotes states won by Clinton. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes cast by each state.

President before election

Thomas Jefferson
Democratic-Republican

Elected President

James Madison
Democratic-Republican

The 1808 United States presidential election was the sixth quadrennial presidential election, held from Friday, November 4, to Wednesday, December 7, 1808. The Democratic-Republican candidate James Madison defeated Federalist candidate Charles Cotesworth Pinckney decisively.

Madison had served as Secretary of State since President Thomas Jefferson took office in 1801. Jefferson, who had declined to run for a third term, threw his strong support behind Madison, a fellow Virginian. Sitting Vice President George Clinton and former Ambassador James Monroe both challenged Madison for leadership of the party, but Madison won his party's nomination and Clinton was re-nominated as vice president. The Federalists chose to re-nominate Pinckney, a former ambassador who had served as the party's 1804 nominee, again alongside Rufus King.

Despite the unpopularity of the Embargo Act of 1807, Madison won the vast majority of electoral votes outside of the Federalist stronghold of New England. Clinton received six electoral votes for president from his home state of New York. This election was the first of two instances in American history in which a new president was selected but the incumbent vice president won re-election, the other being in 1828.

Nominations

Democratic-Republican Party nomination

James Madison	George Clinton
Democratic-Republican Party 1808 Democratic-Republican Party Ticket
for President	for Vice President

5th U.S. Secretary of State (1801–1809)	4th Vice President of the United States (1805–1812)

Presidential candidates

James Madison (Virginia), Secretary of State
James Monroe (Virginia), Former U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom
George Clinton (New York), Vice President of the United States

Secretary of State
James Madison
from Virginia
Former U.S. Ambassador
James Monroe
from Virginia
Vice President
George Clinton
from New York

Vice-presidential candidates

Vice President
George Clinton
from New York
Governor
John Langdon
from New Hampshire
Secretary of War
Henry Dearborn
from Massachusetts
Senator
John Quincy Adams
from Massachusetts

Caucus

Senator Stephen R. Bradley, who had chaired the congressional nominating caucus during the 1804 presidential election, made a call for the 1808 caucus to the 146 Democratic-Republican members of the United States Congress and Federalist allies. The caucus was attended by 89 to 94 members of Congress.

The caucus was held in January 1808, and Secretary of State James Madison won the presidential nomination with the support of President Thomas Jefferson against James Monroe and Vice President George Clinton. The caucus voted to give the vice-presidential nomination to Clinton against his main opponent John Langdon although Clinton's supporters believed that he would receive the Federalist's presidential nomination, but it instead went to Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. A committee of fifteen members was selected to manage Madison's campaign.

Seventeen Democratic-Republicans in Congress opposed Madison's selection and the caucus system whose authority to select presidential and vice-presidential candidates was disputed. Clinton also opposed the caucus system. Monroe was nominated by a group of Virginia Democratic-Republicans, and although he did not actively try to defeat Madison, he also refused to withdraw from the race. Clinton was also supported by a group of New York Democratic-Republicans for president even as he remained the party's official vice presidential candidate.

Balloting

Presidential Ballot	Total	Vice Presidential Ballot	Total
James Madison	83	George Clinton	79
James Monroe	3	John Langdon	5
George Clinton	3	Henry Dearborn	3
		John Quincy Adams	1

Federalist Party nomination

Charles C. Pinckney	Rufus King
Federalist Party 1808 Federalist Party Ticket
for President	for Vice President

Former U.S. Minister to France (1796–1797)	Former U.S. Minister to Great Britain (1796–1803)

The Federalist caucus met in September 1808 and re-nominated the party's 1804 ticket, which consisted of General Charles Cotesworth Pinckney of South Carolina and former Senator Rufus King of New York.

General election

Campaign

The election was marked by opposition to Jefferson's Embargo Act of 1807, a halt to trade with Europe that disproportionately hurt New England merchants and was perceived as favoring France over Britain. Nonetheless, Jefferson was still very popular with Americans generally and Pinckney was soundly defeated by Madison, though not as badly as in 1804. Pinckney received few electoral votes outside of New England.

Results

Pinckney retained the electoral votes of the two states that he carried in 1804 (Connecticut and Delaware), and he also picked up New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and three electoral districts in North Carolina besides the two electoral districts in Maryland that he carried earlier. Except for the North Carolina districts, all of the improvement was in New England.

Monroe won a portion of the popular vote in Virginia and North Carolina, while the New York legislature split its electoral votes between Madison and Clinton.

Electoral results

Presidential candidate

Party

Home state

Popular vote

Electoral
vote

Running mate

Count

Percentage

Vice-presidential candidate

Home state

Electoral vote

James Madison

Democratic-Republican

Virginia

124,732

64.7%

122

George Clinton (incumbent)

New York

113

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney

Federalist

South Carolina

62,431

32.4%

Rufus King

[[New York

(state)|New York]]

{{{vp_ev}}}

{{U.S. presidential ticket box rowspan|name=[[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]]|party=[[Democratic- Republican Party|Democratic- Republican]]|state=[[New York (state)|New York]]|pv=—|pv_pct= —|ev=6|vp_count=2|vp_name=[[James Madison]]|vp_state= Virginia|vp_ev=3}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box vp subrow|vp_name=[[James Monroe]]|vp_state= Virginia|vp_ev=3}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row|name=James Monroe|party= [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic- Republican]]|state= Virginia|pv=4,848|pv_pct=2.5%| ev=0|vp_name=None|vp_state=N/A|vp_ ev=N/A}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row|name=[[Unpledged elector]]s|party=None|state=N/A|pv =680|pv_pct=0.4%|ev=0|vp_name=N/A| vp_state=N/A|vp_ev=N/A}} {{end U.S. presidential ticket box|pv=192,691|ev=175|to_win=88}}

Source (Popular Vote): United States Presidential Elections, 1788-1860: The Official Results by County and State
Source (Popular Vote): A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825
Source (Electoral Vote): "Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996". National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved July 30, 2005.

Only 10 of the 17 states chose electors by popular vote.
Those states that did choose electors by popular vote had widely varying restrictions on suffrage via property requirements.
One Elector from Kentucky did not vote.

Popular vote by state

The popular vote totals used are the elector from each party with the highest total of votes. The vote totals of North Carolina and Tennessee appear to be incomplete.


State	James Madison Democratic-Republican		Charles C. Pinckney Federalist		Margin		Citation
	#	%	#	%			#	%
Kentucky	2,679	98.02%	54	1.98%	No ballots		2,625	96.04%
Maryland	15,336	63.31%	8,886	36.69%	No ballots		6,450	26.62%
New Hampshire	12,793	47.60%	14,085	52.40%	No ballots		-1,292	-4.80%
New Jersey	18,670	55.97%	14,687	44.03%	No ballots		3,983	11.94%
North Carolina	8,829	51.08%	7,523	43.53%	931	5.39%	1,306	7.55%
Ohio	3,645	60.82%	1,174	19.59%	1,174	19.59%	2,471	41.23%
Pennsylvania	42,518	78.37%	11,735	21.63%	No ballots		30,783	56.74%
Rhode Island	2,692	46.70%	3,072	53.30%	No ballots		-380	-6.60%
Tennessee	1,016		11		No ballots
Virginia	15,683	78.62%	761	3.81%	3,505	17.57%	12,178	61.05%

Close states

States where the margin of victory was under 5%:

New Hampshire, 4.8% (1,292 votes)

States where the margin of victory was under 10%:

Rhode Island, 6.6% (380 votes)
North Carolina, 7.55% (1,306 votes)

Popular vote

Madison			64.7%
Pinckney			27.2%

Electoral vote—President

Madison			69.3%
Pinckney			26.7%

Electoral vote—Vice President

Clinton			64.2%
King			26.7%

Electoral college selection

[[File:PresidentialCounty1808.gif|right|thumb|400px|Results by county explicitly indicating the percentage of the winning candidate in each county. Shades of blue are for Madison (Democratic-Republican) and shades of yellow are for Pinckney (Federalist).

Method of choosing electors	State(s)
Each Elector appointed by state legislature	Connecticut Delaware Georgia Massachusetts New York South Carolina Vermont
Each Elector chosen by voters statewide	New Hampshire New Jersey Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Virginia
State is divided into two electoral districts and half the electors are chosen from each district.	Kentucky
State is divided into electoral districts, with one Elector chosen per district by the voters of that district	Maryland North Carolina Tennessee

References

"National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press. Archived from the original on November 14, 2016.
^ National Party Conventions, 1831-1976. Congressional Quarterly. 1979.
Sabato, Larry; Ernst, Howard (January 1, 2009). Encyclopedia of American Political Parties and Elections. Infobase Publishing. pp. 302–304.
^ Ammon, Harry (1963). "James Monroe and the Election of 1808 in Virginia". The William and Mary Quarterly. 20 (1): 33–56. doi:10.2307/1921354. JSTOR 1921354.
^ Kaminski, John P. (1993). George Clinton: Yeoman Politician of the New Republic. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 281–288. ISBN 9780945612186. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
Deskins, Donald Richard; Walton, Hanes; Puckett, Sherman (2010). Presidential Elections, 1789-2008: County, State, and National Mapping of Election Data. University of Michigan Press. pp. 49–50.
Dubin, Michael J. (2002). United States Presidential Elections, 1788-1860: The Official Results by County and State. Jefferson: McFarland & Company. p. 15. ISBN 9780786410170.
"A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on May 13, 2018.
"A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
"A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
"A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
"A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
"A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
"A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
"A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
"A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
"A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
"A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

External links

Election of 1808 in Counting the Votes Archived October 1, 2019, at the Wayback Machine
Presidential Election of 1808: A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress
"A Historical Analysis of the Electoral College". The Green Papers. Retrieved March 20, 2005.
A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns, 1787-1825

v t e James Madison
4th President of the United States (1809–1817) 5th U.S. Secretary of State (1801–1809) United States House of Representatives (1789–1797) Congress of the Confederation (1781–1783) Virginia House of Delegates (1776–1779, 1784–1786) Delegate, Fifth Virginia Convention (1776)
"Father of the Constitution"	Co-wrote, 1776 Virginia Constitution 1786 Annapolis Convention 1787 Constitutional Convention Virginia Plan Constitution of the United States Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787 Department of Foreign Affairs The Federalist Papers written by Madison No. 10 No. 51 Virginia Ratifying Convention United States Bill of Rights 27th amendment Constitution drafting and ratification timeline Tariff of 1789 Founding Fathers
Presidency	First inauguration Second inauguration Tecumseh's War Battle of Tippecanoe War of 1812 origins Henry letters Burning of Washington The Octagon House Treaty of Ghent Seven Buildings residence results Second Barbary War Era of Good Feelings Second Bank of the United States State of the Union Address (1810 1814 1815 1816) Cabinet Federal judiciary appointments
Other noted accomplisments	Co-founder, American Whig Society Co-author, George Washington's Farewell Address Supervised the Louisiana Purchase Anti-Administration party Residence Act Compromise of 1790 Democratic-Republican Party First Party System republicanism Library of Congress Library of the State Department Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Report of 1800
Other writings	Pacificus-Helvidius Debates The Papers of James Madison Founders Online
Life	Early life and career James Madison and slavery Belle Grove Plantation, birthplace Montpelier
Elections	1789 Virginia's 5th congressional district election 1790 1792 1794 U.S. presidential election, 1808 1812
Legacy and popular culture	Bibliography Memorials James Madison Memorial Building statue James Madison University James Madison College Madison, Wisconsin James Madison Park James Madison Memorial High School Madison Square Madison Square Garden Madison River Mount Madison Madison Street U.S. postage stamps James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation James Madison Freedom of Information Award James Madison Award James Madison Institute James Madison Museum USRC James Madison USS Madison USS James Madison Magnificent Doll (1946 film) A More Perfect Union (1989 film) Liberty's Kids (2002 series) Hamilton (musical, film) Washington (2020 miniseries)
Related	Age of Enlightenment American Enlightenment Marbury v. Madison National Gazette Paul Jennings Madisonian model Cognitive Madisonianism American Philosophical Society The American Museum magazine Virginia dynasty
Family	Dolley Madison (wife) John Payne Todd (stepson) James Madison Sr. (father) Eleanor Madison (mother) William Madison (brother) Ambrose Madison (grandfather)
← Thomas Jefferson James Monroe → Category:James Madison

v t e United States presidential elections
Elections by year	1788–89 1792 1796 1800 1804 1808 1812 1816 1820 1824 1828 1832 1836 1840 1844 1848 1852 1856 1860 1864 1868 1872 1876 1880 1884 1888 1892 1896 1900 1904 1908 1912 1916 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1940 1944 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 2028
Elections by state	Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming
Primaries and caucuses	Iowa caucuses New Hampshire presidential primary Nevada presidential caucuses South Carolina presidential primary Super Tuesday
Nominating conventions	List of nominating conventions Brokered convention Convention bounce Superdelegate
Electoral College and popular vote	Results summary elections in which the winner lost the popular vote Electoral College margins Electoral College results by state electoral vote changes between elections electoral vote recipients popular votes received popular-vote margins Electoral Count Act Certificate of ascertainment Certificate of vote Contingent election Faithless elector Unpledged elector Voter turnout
Related	Campaign slogans Historical election polling Election Day Major party tickets Major party losers Presidential debates October surprise Red states and blue states Swing state Tipping-point state Election recount (2000) Guam straw poll Puerto Rico straw poll Vice presidential confirmations: 1973 1974
House elections Senate elections Gubernatorial elections

v t e (1807←) 1808 United States elections (→1809)
U.S. President	1808 United States presidential election
U.S. Senate	Maryland Massachusetts Massachusetts (special) New Jersey Ohio Ohio (special) Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (special) Rhode Island Vermont Virginia
U.S. House	Connecticut Delaware Georgia Indiana Territory At-large sp Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts 2nd sp New Hampshire New Jersey At-large sp New York 12th sp North Carolina 7th sp Ohio Pennsylvania 1st sp Rhode Island At-large sp South Carolina Vermont 1st sp Virginia 17th sp
Governors	Connecticut Kentucky Massachusetts New Hampshire Ohio (special) Pennsylvania Rhode Island Vermont Virginia
States and territories	Connecticut Delaware Georgia Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Vermont Virginia

(← 1804) 1808 United States presidential election (1812 →)

Democratic-Republican Party

Nominees	President: James Madison Vice President: George Clinton (incumbent)
Other candidates	President: James Monroe George Clinton Vice President: Henry Dearborn John Quincy Adams

Federalist Party

Nominees	President: Charles Cotesworth Pinckney Vice President: Rufus King

Other 1808 elections: House
Senate

v t e State results of the 1808 U.S. presidential election
Candidates	James Madison Charles Cotesworth Pinckney
General articles	Election timeline
Local results	Connecticut Delaware Georgia Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Vermont Virginia
Other 1808 elections	House Senate

Federalist Party

Presidential
tickets

U.S. House
speakers

Frederick Muhlenberg (1789–1791)
Jonathan Trumbull Jr. (1791–1793)
Jonathan Dayton (1795–1799)
Theodore Sedgwick (1799–1801)

U.S. Cabinet

State	John Jay (1789–1790) Edmund Randolph (1794–1795) Timothy Pickering (1795–1800) Charles Lee (1800) John Marshall (1800–1801) Richard Rush (1817)
Treasury	Alexander Hamilton (1789–1795) Oliver Wolcott Jr. (1795–1801) Samuel Dexter (1801)
War	Henry Knox (1789–1795) Timothy Pickering (1795) James McHenry (1796–1800) Samuel Dexter (1800–1801)
Attorney General	Edmund Randolph (1789–1794) William Bradford (1794–1795) Charles Lee (1795–1801) Richard Rush (1814–1817)
Navy	Benjamin Stoddert (1798–1801)

Democratic-Republican Party

Presidential
tickets

U.S. House
speakers

Frederick Muhlenberg (1793–1795)
Nathaniel Macon (1801–1807)
Joseph Bradley Varnum (1807–1811)
Henry Clay (1811–1814)
Langdon Cheves (1814–1815)
Henry Clay (1815–1820)
John W. Taylor (1820–1821)
Philip P. Barbour (1821–1823)
Henry Clay (1823–1825)

U.S. Cabinet

State	Thomas Jefferson (1790–1794) Levi Lincoln Sr. (1801) James Madison (1801–1809) Robert Smith (1809–1811) James Monroe (1811–1817) John Graham (1817) John Quincy Adams (1817–1825)
Treasury	Albert Gallatin (1801–1814) George W. Campbell (1814) Alexander J. Dallas (1814–1816) William Jones (1816) William H. Crawford (1816–1825)
War	Henry Dearborn (1801–1809) William Eustis (1809–1813) John Armstrong Jr. (1813–1814) James Monroe (1814–1815) Alexander J. Dallas (1815) William H. Crawford (1815–1816) George Graham (1816–1817) John C. Calhoun (1817–1825)
Attorney General	Levi Lincoln Sr. (1801–1805) John Breckinridge (1805–1806) Caesar Augustus Rodney (1807–1811) William Pinkney (1811–1814) William Wirt (1817–1825)
Navy	Robert Smith (1801–1809) Paul Hamilton (1809–1813) William Jones (1813–1814) Benjamin Williams Crowninshield (1815–1818) Smith Thompson (1819–1823) Samuel L. Southard (1823–1825)

v t e James Monroe
5th President of the United States (1817–1825) 5th United States Secretary of State (1811–1817) United States Secretary of War (1814–1815) 12th and 16th Governor of Virginia (1799–1802, 1811) U.S. Minister to the United Kingdom (1803–1808) U.S. Minister to France (1794–1796) U.S. Senator from Virginia (1790–1794) Delegate to the Congress of the Confederation (1783–1786)
Founding events	Virginia Ratifying Convention Founding Fathers
Presidency	First inauguration Second inauguration Florida Treaty Treaty of 1818 Panic of 1819 Era of Good Feelings Missouri Compromise Seminole Wars Monroe Doctrine Tariff of 1824 State of the Union Address, 1824 Cabinet Federal judiciary appointments
Other noted accomplisments	Negotiated the Louisiana Purchase Monroe–Pinkney Treaty War of 1812
Life	Early life and career Birthplace and boyhood home Revolutionary War service Battle of Trenton Monroe Hill home and office James Monroe Law Office, Museum, and Memorial Library Highland Oak Hill James Monroe Tomb
Elections	1789 Virginia's 5th congressional district election 1790 and 1791 U.S. Senate elections 1792 Governor of Virginia election, 1799 U.S. presidential election, 1808 1816 1820
Legacy and popular culture	Bibliography Memorials Monrovia, capital of Liberia Fort Monroe Monroe, Michigan Monroe, New York Monroe, Georgia Monroe County, Kentucky Monroe County, New York Monroe Township, (Northern) New Jersey Monroe Township, (Southern) New Jersey Mount Monroe Monroe Park The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton, December 26, 1776 (painting) Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings) Monroe Hill (2015 film) U.S. postage stamps Monroe Doctrine Centennial half dollar USS President Monroe USS James Monroe
Related	Monroe on slavery American Colonization Society Virginia dynasty Limestone plantation
Family	Elizabeth Kortright (wife) George Hay (son-in-law) Samuel L. Gouverneur (son-in-law)
← James Madison John Quincy Adams → Category

Categories:

Misplaced Pages