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			{{Short description\|Berber tribal confederation of Morocco}}{{Infobox tribe\|name=Masmuda\|local name=''Imasmuden, ⵉⵎⵙⵎⵓⴷⵏ''\|type=Group of Berber tribes.\|ethnicity=]\|location=• ] <br>• ]<br />• ]<br />• ]\|parent_tribe=\|branches= ], ], ], ].\|language=] (])\|religion=• ] (predominantly)}}
	{{Short description\|Berber tribal confederation of Morocco}}
	{{for\|the town and commune\|Masmouda, Morocco}}		{{for\|the town and commune\|Masmouda, Morocco}}
	{{History of Morocco}}		{{History of Morocco}}
	The '''Masmuda''' ({{lang-ar\|'''المصمودة'''}}~~, ]: ⵉⵎⵙⵎⵓⴷⵏ~~<ref>{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R1RBEAAAQBAJ \| title=Gramàtica amaziga: Estàndard del diasistema amazic septentrional \| isbn=9788491686583 \| last1=Múrcia \| first1=Carles \| last2=Sànchez \| first2=Carles Múrcia \| year=2021 }}</ref>) is a ] tribal ] of ] and ~~one of the largest in~~ the ], along with the ] and the ].<ref name=locmorocco>{{cite book\|last=Nelson\|first=Harold D.\|title=Morocco, a country study\|series=Area handbook series \|year=1985\|publisher=The American University\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=14\|url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001298165}}</ref> They were composed of several sub-tribes: ]s, ] (Ghomarids), ]s (]), ]el, Hergha, Genfisa, Seksiwa, Gedmiwa, Hezerdja, Urika, Guerouanes, Bni M'tir, Hezmira, Regraga, Haha les Banou Maghus, Gilawa and others. Today, the Masmuda confederacy largely corresponds to the speakers of the ] (Tachelhit) ] variety, whereas other clans, such as ] have adopted ].		The '''Masmuda''' (]: ⵉⵎⵙⵎⵓⴷⵏ '''Imasmuden''', {{lang-ar\|'''المصمودة'''}}<ref>{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R1RBEAAAQBAJ \| title=Gramàtica amaziga: Estàndard del diasistema amazic septentrional \| isbn=9788491686583 \| last1=Múrcia \| first1=Carles \| last2=Sànchez \| first2=Carles Múrcia \| year=2021 }}</ref>) are one of the largest ] (Amazigh) tribal ] in ] and the ], along with the ] and the ].<ref name=locmorocco>{{cite book\|last=Nelson\|first=Harold D.\|title=Morocco, a country study\|series=Area handbook series \|year=1985\|publisher=The American University\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=14\|url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001298165}}</ref> Today, the Masmuda confederacy largely corresponds to the speakers of the ] (Tachelhit) ] variety, whereas other clans, such as ] have adopted ].<ref>https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6vz7z5cm</ref>

	==History==		==History==
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	==Sub-tribes==		==Sub-tribes==
	The author of the book "Mafakhir al-Barbar" (roughly translates as: ''The prides of the Berbers''), cites the sub-tribes of the Masmuda as follows:<ref>{{cite book\|last=Unknown author\|title=كتاب مفاخر البربر\|year=1312\|publisher=Hassan II university of Casablanca\|pages=172}}</ref>		The author of the book "Mafakhir al-Barbar" (roughly translates as: ''The prides of the Berbers''), cites the sub-tribes of the Masmuda as follows:<ref>{{cite book\|last=Unknown author\|title=كتاب مفاخر البربر\|year=1312\|publisher=Hassan II university of Casablanca\|pages=172}}</ref>

⚫	*]
			''']'''<ref>https://www.reddit.com/r/MapPorn/comments/nwn7vl/map_of_tribal_affiliations_in_morocco/ </ref>
⚫	*]
			*Ait Erkha
⚫	*Ourika
		⚫	*Ait Magus (Beni Magus)
⚫	*Hezmira
			*Ghlawa
	*Guedmiwa		*Guedmiwa
		⚫	*]
			** Ait Aissi
			** Ait Tamer
			**Ait Zelten
			**Ida Kazzou
			**Ida Ou Bouzia
			**Ida Ou Guelloul
			**Ida Ou Gourd
			**Ida Ou Issaren
			**Ida Ou Thgoumma
			**Ida Ou Zemzem
			**Imgard
			**Neknafa
		⚫	*]
			**Ait Galga'iya
			**Ait Lamazdur
			**Ait Tagurtant
			**Ait Taklawwuhtin
			**Ait Talwuhrit
			**Ait Tumsidin
			**Ait Wawazgit
			**Ait Yigaz
			**Mazala
	*Henfisa		*Henfisa
	*Hezerga		*Hezerga
		⚫	*Hezmira
	*]
			*Ida Ou Tanane
⚫	*]
			**Ait Tinkirt
⚫	*Beni Magus
			**Ait Ouzzoun
			**Ifsfaten
			*Ksima
			*Mesfouia
			*Mtouga
			*Mzouda
		⚫	*Ourika
		⚫	*]
			*Saksaoua
			*Sektana
	*Tehlawa		*Tehlawa


			''']'''
			*Ait Bouzra
			*Ait Grir
			*Ait Khaled
			*Ait Mansour
			*Ait Rezin
			*Ait Selman
			*Ait Smih
			*Ait Zejel
			*Ait Ziat

			''']'''
			*Ait Ahmed
			*Ait Arous
			*Ait Hassan
			*Ait Huzmar
			*Ait Ider
			*Ait Yisef
			*Ait Zekar
			*Al-Ahkmas
			*Al-Huz
			*Anjrah
			*Ghezawa
			*Masmouda
			*Metiwa
			*Sumata
			*Wadras

	==References==		==References==

Revision as of 16:16, 18 March 2023

Berber tribal confederation of Morocco

Masmuda Imasmuden, ⵉⵎⵙⵎⵓⴷⵏ
Group of Berber tribes.
Ethnicity	Berber
Location	• Morocco • Algeria • Tunisia • Libya
Branches	Chleuh, Berghouata, Jebala, Ghomara.
Language	Chelha (Berber language)
Religion	• Islam (predominantly)

For the town and commune, see Masmouda, Morocco.

Part of a series on the
History of Morocco

Prehistory Acheulean Mousterian Aterian Iberomaurusian Capsian
Classical to Late Antiquity (8th century BC – 7th century AD) Carthaginian Roman Mauretania Mauretania Tingitana Exarchate of Africa
Early Islamic (8th–10th century AD) Muslim conquest Umayyad Caliphate Berber Revolt Emirate of Nekor Emirate of Sijilmasa Barghwata confederacy Idrisid dynasty
Territorial fragmentation (10th–11th century AD) Caliphate of Córdoba Fatimid Caliphate Ifranids Miknasas Maghrawas
Empire (beginning 11th century AD) Almoravids Almohads Marinids Wattasids Saadis Alawis other political entities Zawiya Dila'iya Principality of Debdou Republic of Salé
Decline (beginning 19th century AD) Franco-Moroccan War Anglo-Moroccan Treaty of 1856 Hispano-Moroccan War Protégé system Treaty of Wad Ras Treaty of Madrid Tangier Crisis Treaty of Algeciras Agadir Crisis Hafidiya Bombardment of Casablanca (1907) French conquest of Morocco
Protectorate (1912–56) Treaty of Fez French protectorate Spanish protectorate French Conquest Zaian War Rif War Tangier Protocol Tangier International Zone Opposition to European control Revolution of the King and the People
Modern (1956–present) Ifni War Sand War Moroccanization Coup d'état attempt in 1971 / in 1972 Moulay Bouazza plot Years of lead Madrid Accords Green March Western Sahara conflict 2011–2012 protests Hirak Rif Movement Abraham Accords
Related topics Morocco in the 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s History by topic Jewish Economic Military Postal Imperial cities
Morocco portal History portal
v t e

Part of a series on the

History of Morocco

Prehistory

Classical to Late Antiquity
(8th century BC – 7th century AD)

Early Islamic
(8th–10th century AD)

Berber Revolt

Territorial fragmentation
(10th–11th century AD)

Empire
(beginning 11th century AD)

other political entities

Decline
(beginning 19th century AD)

Protégé system

Protectorate
(1912–56)

Treaty of Fez

Modern
(1956–present)

History

The Masmuda settled large parts of Morocco, and were largely sedentary and practised agriculture. The residence of the Masmuda aristocracy was Aghmat in the High Atlas mountains. From the 10th century the Berber tribes of the Sanhaja and Zanata groups invaded the lands of the Masmuda, followed from the 12th century onwards by Arab Bedouins (see Banu Hilal).

Ibn Tumart united the Masmuda tribes at the beginning of the 12th century and founded the Almohad movement, which subsequently unified the whole of the Maghreb and Andalusia. After the downfall of the Almohads, however, the particularism of the Masmuda peoples prevailed once more, as a result of which they lost their political significance.

Sub-tribes

The author of the book "Mafakhir al-Barbar" (roughly translates as: The prides of the Berbers), cites the sub-tribes of the Masmuda as follows:

Chleuh

Ait Erkha
Ait Magus (Beni Magus)
Ghlawa
Guedmiwa
Haha
- Ait Aissi
- Ait Tamer
- Ait Zelten
- Ida Kazzou
- Ida Ou Bouzia
- Ida Ou Guelloul
- Ida Ou Gourd
- Ida Ou Issaren
- Ida Ou Thgoumma
- Ida Ou Zemzem
- Imgard
- Neknafa
Hintata
- Ait Galga'iya
- Ait Lamazdur
- Ait Tagurtant
- Ait Taklawwuhtin
- Ait Talwuhrit
- Ait Tumsidin
- Ait Wawazgit
- Ait Yigaz
- Mazala
Henfisa
Hezerga
Hezmira
Ida Ou Tanane
- Ait Tinkirt
- Ait Ouzzoun
- Ifsfaten
Ksima
Mesfouia
Mtouga
Mzouda
Ourika
Regraga
Saksaoua
Sektana
Tehlawa

Ghomara

Ait Bouzra
Ait Grir
Ait Khaled
Ait Mansour
Ait Rezin
Ait Selman
Ait Smih
Ait Zejel
Ait Ziat

Jebala

Ait Ahmed
Ait Arous
Ait Hassan
Ait Huzmar
Ait Ider
Ait Yisef
Ait Zekar
Al-Ahkmas
Al-Huz
Anjrah
Ghezawa
Masmouda
Metiwa
Sumata
Wadras

References

Múrcia, Carles; Sànchez, Carles Múrcia (2021). Gramàtica amaziga: Estàndard del diasistema amazic septentrional. ISBN 9788491686583.
Nelson, Harold D. (1985). Morocco, a country study. Area handbook series. Washington, D.C.: The American University. p. 14.
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6vz7z5cm
Nelson 19-20
Unknown author (1312). كتاب مفاخر البربر. Hassan II university of Casablanca. p. 172. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)
https://www.reddit.com/r/MapPorn/comments/nwn7vl/map_of_tribal_affiliations_in_morocco/

v t e Berber tribes of Morocco
Tribal confederation	Aït Atta Ait Yafelman Haha Masmuda
Tribes	Ait Iznasen Ait Ouriaghel Ait Oulichek Ait Seghrouchen Ait Touzine Chiadma Ghomaras Gzennaya Houara Kebdana Regraga Tajakant Zayanes

v t e Demographics of Morocco
Religions	Islam Sunni Shia Christianity Catholicism Protestantism Judaism
Ethnic groups	Arabs Arab-Berbers Berbers Arabised Berbers Afro-Arabs Gnawa Haratin European Italians Spaniards Portuguese Jews
Languages	Arabic Moroccan Arabic Modern Standard Arabic Hassaniya Arabic Hilalian Pre-Hilalian Berber Standard Moroccan Berber Atlas Zenatic Tachelhit
Foreign nationals	Malays

v t e Berbers
Ancient	Bavares Banioubae Gaetuli Garamantes Koidamousii/Ucutumani Leuathae Libu Libya Macae Machlyes Marmaridae Mauri Bakouatae Makanitae Mauretania Meshwesh Musulamii Nasamones Numidae Masaesyli Massylii Numidia Quinquegentiani Psylli
Medieval	Adjissa Awerba Awregha Azdeja Bahlula Barghawata Fazaz Fendelawa Ghumara Gazoula Ghiatta Godala Guanches Haskura Hawwara Kutama Sedouikech Luwata Madyuna Masmuda Hintata Matmata Nafzawa Sanhaja Lamtuna Zanata Banu Ifran Jarawa Maghrawa
Modern	Brabers Chaouis Chenouas Ghomaras Hawwara Jerbis Berber Jews Kabyles Matmatas Mozabites Nafusis Riffians Sanhajas de Srayr Shilha Siwis Teknas Tuaregs Zayanes
Related topics	Tribes Script Latin script Religion Islam Arab-Berbers Arabized Berbers Berber diaspora Belgium Canada France Netherlands United States Berberism Kabyle nationalism flag

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