| Revision as of 00:20, 24 December 2022 editEsperfulmo (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users19,274 edits →See alsoTags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit← Previous edit | Revision as of 13:05, 19 March 2023 edit undoTaluzet (talk | contribs)91 editsm added berberTag: RevertedNext edit → | ||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
| * {{big|{{script/Arabic|ݢ}}}} in the ] | * {{big|{{script/Arabic|ݢ}}}} in the ] | ||
| * {{big|{{script/Arabic|ࢴ}}}} in the ] | * {{big|{{script/Arabic|ࢴ}}}} in the ] | ||
| *{{big|{{script/Arabic|ڭ/ݣ}}}} in ] | *{{big|{{script/Arabic|ڭ/ݣ}}}} in ] and ] | ||
| *{{big|{{script/Arabic|ڨ}}}} in ], ] and ] | *{{big|{{script/Arabic|ڨ}}}} in ], ] and ] | ||
| *{{big|{{script/Arabic|ګ}}}} in ] | *{{big|{{script/Arabic|ګ}}}} in ] | ||
Revision as of 13:05, 19 March 2023
Letter used to represent the /ɡ/ sound in Persian alphabet. For other uses, see GAF. This article contains special characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols.
| Persian alphabet |
|---|
| ا ب پ ت ث ج چ ح خ د ذ ر ز ژ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ک گ ل م ن و ه ی |
|
Perso-Arabic script |
| Arabic alphabet |
|---|
|
Arabic script |
Gaf, or gāf, can be the name of different Perso-Arabic letters, all representing /ɡ/. They are all forms of the letter kāf, with additional diacritics, such as dots and lines. There are four forms, each used in different places:
- گ in Perso-Arabic alphabet
- ݢ in the Jawi script
- ࢴ in the Pegon script
- ڭ/ݣ in Moroccan Arabic and Berber languages
- ڨ in Algerian Arabic, Tunisian Arabic and Berber languages
- ګ in Pashto
- ڳ in Sindhi and Saraiki
Note that the standard practice in Egypt (in Literary Arabic and Egyptian Arabic), so as in coastal Yemen, southwestern and eastern Oman, is to use ج ǧīm for /g/, while in Arabic dialects like Hejazi Arabic and Najdi Arabic the ق qāf, so the name gāf (Hejazi: Template:IPA-acw, Najdi: ) can be used for the letter when trying to explain a pronunciation or a spelling of a word, whether the word is foreign or dialectal.
ك kāf has been traditionally used in the Levant and Iraq for /g/, if not گ, particularly in Iraq. In Morocco, ݣ or ك are used. In Tunisia and Algeria, ڨ or ق qāf used.
غ ġayn is preferred in the Levant (nowadays), and by Aljazeera TV channel to be used instead to represent /ɡ/ e.g. هونغ كونغ (Hong Kong) and غاندالف (Gandalf). Foreign publications and TV channels in Arabic, e.g. Deutsche Welle, and Alhurra, follow this practice.
Gaf with line
گ is based on kāf with an additional line. It is rarely used in Arabic itself, but may be used to represent the sound /ɡ/ when writing other languages. It is frequently used in Persian, Pashto, Uyghur, Urdu and Kurdish and is one of four Perso-Arabic letters not found in Arabic.
ڭ/ݣ can also be used to represent /ɡ/ in Morocco.
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Naskh glyph form: (Help) |
گ | ـگ | ـگـ | گـ |
| Nastaʿlīq glyph form: | گ | ــــگ | ــــگــــ | گــــ |
Gaf with single dot above
ݢ is derived from a variant form (ک) of kāf with the addition of a dot. It is not used in the Arabic language itself, but is used in the Jawi script of Malay to represent a voiced velar stop /ɡ/. Unicode includes two forms on this letter: one based on the standard Arabic kāf, ك, and one based on the variant form ک. The latter is the preferred form.
| Appearance | Code point | Name |
|---|---|---|
| ڬ | U+06AC | ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH DOT ABOVE |
| ݢ | U+0762 | ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH DOT ABOVE |
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
ڬ | ـڬ | ـڬـ | ڬـ |
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
ݢ | ـݢ | ـݢـ | ݢـ |
Gaf with a dot or three dots below
ڮ and ࢴ are derived from a variant form (ك) of kāf with the addition of three dots or a dot below. They are not used in the Arabic language itself, but are used in the Pegon script of Indonesian languages and in the Arwi alphabet of the Tamil language to represent a voiced velar stop /ɡ/, respectively.
| Appearance | Code point | Name |
|---|---|---|
| ڮ | U+06AE | ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH THREE DOTS BELOW |
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
ڮ | ـڮ | ـڮـ | ڮـ |
| Appearance | Code point | Name |
|---|---|---|
| ࢴ | U+08B4 | ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH DOT BELOW |
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
ࢴ | ـࢴ | ـࢴـ | ࢴـ |
Gaf with line and two dots
Main article: Guehڳ is derived from a variant form (ک) of kāf with the addition of a line and two dots. It is used in the Sindhi and Saraiki alphabets for /ɠ/.
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
ڳ | ـڳ | ـڳـ | ڳـ |
Gaf with three dots
.png)
ڭ was used in Ottoman Turkish language for /ŋ/, another form ݣ, both are based on a variant form (ک) of kāf with the addition of three dots. It is used in Berber and Moroccan Arabic to represent /ɡ/. Examples of its use include city names (such as Agadir أݣادير, also written: أكادير) and family names (such as El Guerrouj الݣروج, also written: الكروج). The preferred form is ڭ.
| Appearance | Code point | Name |
|---|---|---|
| ڭ | U+06AC | ARABIC LETTER NG |
| ݣ | U+0762 | ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH THREE DOT ABOVE |
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
ڭ | ـڭ | ـڭـ | ڭـ |
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
ݣ | ـݣ | ـݣـ | ݣـ |
Gaf with ring
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
ګ | ـګ | ـګـ | ګـ |
Kaf with inverted stroke
In Chechen, Kabardian, and Adyghe, an the Arabic character ࢰ is used to spell the Кӏ ⟨Kh⟩ for /kʼ/ or /t͡ʃʼ/. In Chechen, ⟨گ⟩ is alternatively used as well.
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
ࢰ | ـࢰ | ـࢰـ | ࢰـ |
Afrikaans gin
See also: Ng (Arabic letter) § Wolof ng| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
ݝ | ـݝ | ـݝـ | ݝـ |
Based on ghayn (غ), called gīn /ɡiːn/, historically used in the Arabic Afrikaans script to spell /ɡ/ in Afrikaans.
Character encoding
| Preview | گ | ڳ | ݢ | ڭ | ࢴ | ݣ | ڰ | ࢰ | ݝ | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unicode name | ARABIC LETTER GAF | ARABIC LETTER GUEH | ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH DOT ABOVE |
ARABIC LETTER NG | ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH DOT BELOW |
ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE | ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH RING |
ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH INVERTED STROKE |
ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE | |||||||||
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 1711 | U+06AF | 1715 | U+06B3 | 1890 | U+0762 | 1709 | U+06AD | 2228 | U+08B4 | 1891 | U+0763 | 1712 | U+06B0 | 2224 | U+08B0 | 1885 | U+075D |
| UTF-8 | 218 175 | DA AF | 218 179 | DA B3 | 221 162 | DD A2 | 218 173 | DA AD | 224 162 180 | E0 A2 B4 | 221 163 | DD A3 | 218 176 | DA B0 | 224 162 176 | E0 A2 B0 | 221 157 | DD 9D |
| Numeric character reference | گ |
گ |
ڳ |
ڳ |
ݢ |
ݢ |
ڭ |
ڭ |
ࢴ |
ࢴ |
ݣ |
ݣ |
ڰ |
ڰ |
ࢰ |
ࢰ |
ݝ |
ݝ |
See also
References
- "Leningrad لينينغراد spelled with غ rather than ج". Retrieved 14 December 2022.
- ""Blogger" بلوغر is spelled with غ, not ج about an article on Egypt quoting an Egyptian official Facebook post spelling it بلوجر with ج". Retrieved 14 December 2022.
- The letter ڭ used in an article on Moroccan Arabic learning; "واش كتهدر بالإنݣليزية" "Learn Moroccan Arabic". Best Riad Marakkesh. *note: source is unreliable
- Jonatha Kew (2003). "Proposal to encode Jawi and Moroccan Arabic GAF characters" (PDF).
- Pournader, Roozbeh (June 24, 2013). "Proposal to encode three Arabic characters for Arwi" (PDF).