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Revision as of 04:40, 21 March 2023 editCitation bot (talk | contribs)Bots5,438,868 edits Alter: url, pages. URLs might have been anonymized. Add: authors 1-1. Removed parameters. Formatted dashes. Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by AManWithNoPlan | #UCB_CommandLine← Previous edit Revision as of 20:39, 28 March 2023 edit undoBerber99 (talk | contribs)2 edits →Sub-tribesTags: Mobile edit Mobile web editNext edit →
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==Sub-tribes== ==Sub-tribes==
{{Original research section|reason=The longer list below is not fully sourced, and the names may have been freely transliterated in ways that differ from the cited sources.|date=March 2023}} {{Original research section|reason=The longer list below is not fully sourced, and the names may have been freely transliterated in ways that differ from the cited sources.|date=March 2023}}
The anonymous author of the ''Kitāb Mafāk̲h̲ir al-Barbar'' (roughly translates as "The Book of the Glories of the Berbers"), a work compiled in 1312,''<ref name=":052">{{Cite book |last= |first= |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition |publisher=Brill |year=2012 |isbn=9789004161214 |editor-last=Bearman |editor-first=P. |edition=online |location= |pages= |chapter=Kitāb Mafāk̲h̲ir al-Barbar |editor-last2=Bianquis |editor-first2=Th. |editor-last3=Bosworth |editor-first3=C.E. |editor-last4=van Donzel |editor-first4=E. |editor-last5=Heinrichs |editor-first5=W.P.}}</ref>'' lists the sub-tribes of the Masmuda as: ], ], Ourika, Hezmira, Guedmiwa, Henfisa, Hezerga, ], ], Beni Magus, and Tehlawa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=unknown |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5nZyAAAAMAAJ&q=%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9+%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A9 |title=مفاخر البربر |date=2005 |publisher=دار أبي رقراق للطباعة والنشر |year=2005 |isbn=978-9954-423-46-2 |location=Morocco |pages=172 |language=ar |trans-title=The Glories of the Berbers |orig-date=1312}}</ref> The anonymous author of the ''Kitāb Mafāk̲h̲ir al-Barbar'' (roughly translates as "The Book of the Glories of the Berbers"), a work compiled in 1312,''<ref name=":052">{{Cite book |last= |first= |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition |publisher=Brill |year=2012 |isbn=9789004161214 |editor-last=Bearman |editor-first=P. |edition=online |location= |pages= |chapter=Kitāb Mafāk̲h̲ir al-Barbar |editor-last2=Bianquis |editor-first2=Th. |editor-last3=Bosworth |editor-first3=C.E. |editor-last4=van Donzel |editor-first4=E. |editor-last5=Heinrichs |editor-first5=W.P.}}</ref>'' lists the sub-tribes of the Masmuda as: ], ], Ourika, Hezmira, Guedmiwa, Henfisa, Hezerga, ], ], Maghous, and Tehlawa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=unknown |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5nZyAAAAMAAJ&q=%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9+%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A9 |title=مفاخر البربر |date=2005 |publisher=دار أبي رقراق للطباعة والنشر |year=2005 |isbn=978-9954-423-46-2 |location=Morocco |pages=172 |language=ar |trans-title=The Glories of the Berbers |orig-date=1312}}</ref>


The following is a full list of tribes and subtribes: The following is a full list of tribes and subtribes:
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''']''' ''']'''
*Ait Erkha *Ait Erkha
*Ait Magus (Beni Magus)
*Ghlawa *Ghlawa
*Guedmiwa *Guedmiwa
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**Ifsfaten **Ifsfaten
*Ksima *Ksima
*Maghous
*Mesfouia *Mesfouia
*Mtouga *Mtouga

Revision as of 20:39, 28 March 2023

For the town and commune, see Masmouda, Morocco.
Masmuda
Group of Berber tribes.
EthnicityBerber
Location• Morocco
BranchesChleuh, Berghouata, Ghomara, Jebala.
LanguageChelha (Berber language)
Religion• Islam (predominantly)
Berber tribal confederation of Morocco
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(8th–10th century AD)
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(beginning 11th century AD)

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(beginning 19th century AD)
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(1912–56)
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The Masmuda (Template:Lang-ar, Berber: ⵉⵎⵙⵎⵓⴷⵏ) is a Berber tribal confederation of Morocco and one of the largest in the Maghreb, along with the Zenata and the Sanhaja. They were composed of several sub-tribes: Chleuh, Berghouatas, Ghomaras, Jebala and others. Today, the Masmuda confederacy largely corresponds to the speakers of the Chelha (Tachelhit) Berber variety, whereas other clans, such as Regraga have adopted Arabic.

History

The Masmuda settled large parts of Morocco, and were largely sedentary and practised agriculture. The residence of the Masmuda aristocracy was Aghmat in the High Atlas mountains. From the 10th century the Berber tribes of the Sanhaja and Zanata groups invaded the lands of the Masmuda, followed from the 12th century onwards by Arab Bedouins (see Banu Hilal).

Ibn Tumart united the Masmuda tribes at the beginning of the 12th century and founded the Almohad movement, which subsequently unified the whole of the Maghreb and Andalusia. After the downfall of the Almohads, however, the particularism of the Masmuda peoples prevailed once more, as a result of which they lost their political significance.

Sub-tribes

This section possibly contains original research. The longer list below is not fully sourced, and the names may have been freely transliterated in ways that differ from the cited sources. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (March 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

The anonymous author of the Kitāb Mafāk̲h̲ir al-Barbar (roughly translates as "The Book of the Glories of the Berbers"), a work compiled in 1312, lists the sub-tribes of the Masmuda as: Haha, Regraga, Ourika, Hezmira, Guedmiwa, Henfisa, Hezerga, Doukkala, Hintata, Maghous, and Tehlawa.

The following is a full list of tribes and subtribes:

Chleuh

  • Ait Erkha
  • Ghlawa
  • Guedmiwa
  • Haha
    • Ait Aissi
    • Ait Tamer
    • Ait Zelten
    • Ida Kazzou
    • Ida Ou Bouzia
    • Ida Ou Guelloul
    • Ida Ou Gourd
    • Ida Ou Issaren
    • Ida Ou Thgoumma
    • Ida Ou Zemzem
    • Imgard
    • Neknafa
  • Hintata
    • Ait Galga'iya
    • Ait Lamazdur
    • Ait Tagurtant
    • Ait Taklawwuhtin
    • Ait Talwuhrit
    • Ait Tumsidin
    • Ait Wawazgit
    • Ait Yigaz
    • Mazala
  • Henfisa
  • Hezerga
  • Hezmira
  • Ida Ou Tanane
    • Ait Tinkirt
    • Ait Ouzzoun
    • Ifsfaten
  • Ksima
  • Maghous
  • Mesfouia
  • Mtouga
  • Mzouda
  • Ourika
  • Regraga
  • Saksaoua
  • Sektana
  • Tehlawa

Ghomara

  • Ait Bouzra
  • Ait Grir
  • Ait Khaled
  • Ait Mansour
  • Ait Rezin
  • Ait Selman
  • Ait Smih
  • Ait Zejel
  • Ait Ziat

Jebala

  • Ait Ahmed
  • Ait Arous
  • Ait Hassan
  • Ait Huzmar
  • Ait Ider
  • Ait Yisef
  • Ait Zekar
  • Al-Ahkmas
  • Al-Huz
  • Anjrah
  • Ghezawa
  • Masmouda
  • Metiwa
  • Sumata
  • Wadras

References

  1. Múrcia, Carles; Sànchez, Carles Múrcia (2021). Gramàtica amaziga: Estàndard del diasistema amazic septentrional. ISBN 9788491686583.
  2. Nelson, Harold D. (1985). Morocco, a country study. Area handbook series. Washington, D.C.: The American University. p. 14.
  3. Nelson 19-20
  4. Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P., eds. (2012). "Kitāb Mafāk̲h̲ir al-Barbar". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition (online ed.). Brill. ISBN 9789004161214.
  5. unknown (2005) . مفاخر البربر [The Glories of the Berbers] (in Arabic). Morocco: دار أبي رقراق للطباعة والنشر. p. 172. ISBN 978-9954-423-46-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  6. M'haned Aït El-Haj, حاحا (Ḥāḥḥā), dans معلمة المغرب (Encyclopédie du Maroc), Tome X (1998), p. 3264.
  7. Agabi, C. (2000). "Haha". Encyclopédie berbère. Retrieved 20 March 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. Fromherz, Allen J. (2010). The Almohads: The Rise of an Islamic Empire. I.B. Tauris. pp. 107–108. ISBN 9781780764054.
  9. Camps, G.; Vignet-Zunz, J. (1998). "Ghomâra". Encyclopédie berbère (in French) (20): 3110–3119. doi:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.1923. ISSN 1015-7344.
  10. Camps, G.; Vignet-Zunz, J. (1998). "Ghomâra". Encyclopédie berbère. Retrieved 20 March 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  11. A. Zouggari & J. Vignet-Zunz, « Jbala: Histoire et société », in: Sciences Humaines, (1991) (ISBN 2-222-04574-6)

See also

Berber tribes of Morocco
Tribal confederation
Tribes
Demographics of Morocco
Religions
Ethnic groups
Languages
Foreign nationals
Berbers
Ancient
Medieval
Modern
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