| Revision as of 19:48, 24 April 2023 editAlpinegora (talk | contribs)43 edits simple changesTags: Reverted Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit← Previous edit | Revision as of 20:01, 24 April 2023 edit undoHistoryofIran (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers97,601 edits rv, restored sourced informationTag: Manual revertNext edit → | ||
| Line 125: | Line 125: | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| '''Shīnḍanḍ''' ({{lang-ps|شينډنډ}} is a town and the center of the ], ], ]. It is located at {{Coord|33.3036|N|62.14|E|}} at 1,066 m altitude on the ]. The ] is located about 15 miles northeast of the town. | '''Shīnḍanḍ''' ({{lang-ps|شينډنډ}}; {{سبزوار) is a town and the center of the ], ], ]. It is located at {{Coord|33.3036|N|62.14|E|}} at 1,066 m altitude on the ]. The ] is located about 15 miles northeast of the town. | ||
| Shindand is at the northern end of ], which is one of main centers of poppy production in western Afghanistan. The town is located south of ], where a large police training facility exists. The population includes ], ] and others, though Pashtuns make up the majority. The main languages spoken in the area are ] and Dari. During the ] (1979–1989) the ] was headquartered in the town. | Shindand is at the northern end of ], which is one of main centers of poppy production in western Afghanistan. The town is located south of ], where a large police training facility exists. The population includes ], ] and others, though Pashtuns make up the majority. The main languages spoken in the area are ] and Dari. During the ] (1979–1989) the ] was headquartered in the town. | ||
| == Etymology == | == Etymology == | ||
| The name ''Shindand'' means "green pond" in ].<ref>L. W. Adamec, ''Historical And Political Gazetteer Of Afghanistan'', Vol. 3, ''Herat and Northwestern Afghanistan'', Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt, 1972, {{ISBN|978-3201009423}}, p. 343</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ASFEZĀR – Encyclopaedia Iranica|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/asfezar-or-asfozar-designation-of-a-district-kura-and-later-its-chief-town-in-the-herat-quarter-of-khorasan|access-date=2020-12-21|website=www.iranicaonline.org}}</ref> | The name ''Shindand'' means "green pond" in ].<ref>L. W. Adamec, ''Historical And Political Gazetteer Of Afghanistan'', Vol. 3, ''Herat and Northwestern Afghanistan'', Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt, 1972, {{ISBN|978-3201009423}}, p. 343</ref> The town was previously known as Sabzawar and ].<ref>{{Cite web|title=ASFEZĀR – Encyclopaedia Iranica|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/asfezar-or-asfozar-designation-of-a-district-kura-and-later-its-chief-town-in-the-herat-quarter-of-khorasan|access-date=2020-12-21|website=www.iranicaonline.org}}</ref> | ||
| == History == | == History == | ||
Revision as of 20:01, 24 April 2023
Town in Herat Province, Afghanistan For other uses, see Shindand (disambiguation). Place in Herat Province, Afghanistan| Shindand شينډنډ | |
|---|---|
  ShindandLocation in Afghanistan | |
| Coordinates: 33°18′13″N 62°8′24″E / 33.30361°N 62.14000°E / 33.30361; 62.14000 | |
| Country |  Afghanistan |
| Province | Herat Province |
| District | Shindand District |
| Elevation | 3,497 ft (1,066 m) |
| Time zone | UTC+4:30 |
Shīnḍanḍ (Template:Lang-ps; {{سبزوار) is a town and the center of the Shindand District, Herat Province, Afghanistan. It is located at 33°18′13″N 62°08′24″E / 33.3036°N 62.14°E / 33.3036; 62.14 at 1,066 m altitude on the Harut River. The Shindand Air Base is located about 15 miles northeast of the town.
Shindand is at the northern end of Zirko Valley, which is one of main centers of poppy production in western Afghanistan. The town is located south of Adriskan, where a large police training facility exists. The population includes Pashtuns, Tajiks and others, though Pashtuns make up the majority. The main languages spoken in the area are Pashto and Dari. During the Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989) the 5th Guards Motor Rifle Division was headquartered in the town.
Etymology
The name Shindand means "green pond" in Pashto. The town was previously known as Sabzawar and Asfezar.
History
Shindand was once a city of considerable size, and still possesses a fortress with sides of about 200 metres. In the 19th century the city was said to have a diverse population composed of Ghilzais, Durranis (Alakozais, Popalzais, Barakzais), Tajiks, Zuris, Timuris, Jews, and Hindus. By the early 20th century this fortress had been abandoned, and the town, at the centre of a group of villages, was fairly prosperous, with a bazaar of about 800 shops. The plains about Shindand were highly cultivated by the Nurzai Duranis, each village protected by its own little mud fort.
Climate
With an influence from the local steppe climate, Shindand features a cold semi-arid climate (BSk) under the Köppen climate classification. The average temperature in Shindand is 16.5 °C, while the annual precipitation averages 168 mm.
July is the hottest month of the year with an average temperature of 29.4 °C. The coldest month January has an average temperature of 4.1 °C.
| Climate data for Shindand | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 11.1 (52.0) |
13.3 (55.9) |
19.4 (66.9) |
24.1 (75.4) |
30.1 (86.2) |
35.8 (96.4) |
37.7 (99.9) |
36.3 (97.3) |
31.9 (89.4) |
25.8 (78.4) |
18.4 (65.1) |
13.1 (55.6) |
24.8 (76.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.1 (39.4) |
6.6 (43.9) |
12.1 (53.8) |
16.5 (61.7) |
21.8 (71.2) |
27.1 (80.8) |
29.4 (84.9) |
27.4 (81.3) |
22.5 (72.5) |
16.2 (61.2) |
9.4 (48.9) |
5.2 (41.4) |
16.5 (61.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.8 (27.0) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
4.9 (40.8) |
9.0 (48.2) |
13.5 (56.3) |
18.4 (65.1) |
21.1 (70.0) |
18.6 (65.5) |
13.1 (55.6) |
6.7 (44.1) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
8.4 (47.0) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org | |||||||||||||
Shindand Air Base
The Shindand Air Base is located about 15 miles to the northeast of the town, which currently occupied by Afghan and NATO's International Security Assistance Force. It is a former Soviet airfield, repaired by U.S. forces. The area is flat and arid, with foothills to the north and west. The Kandahar–Herat Highway, which is part of Afghanistan's Highway 1, passes next to the Shindand Air Base. A free medical clinic supported by the Afghan National Army (ANA) provides free medical care for the population of the town.
Notable people
See also
References
- L. W. Adamec, Historical And Political Gazetteer Of Afghanistan, Vol. 3, Herat and Northwestern Afghanistan, Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt, 1972, ISBN 978-3201009423, p. 343
- "ASFEZĀR – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2020-12-21.
- Noelle-Karimi, Christine (2014). The Pearl in Its Midst: Herat and the Mapping of Khurasan (15th-19th Centuries). Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. ISBN 978-3-7001-7202-4.
-
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Sabzawar". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 969.
- "Climate: Shindand – Climate-Data.org". Retrieved 9 September 2016.
Further reading
- Louis Dupree, Afghanistan. 1st Edition: 1973; Ludwig W. Adamec, Historical Dictionary of Afghanistan, 3rd ed., 2003.
- S. I. Bruk, Narody Peredney Azii (1960); S.I. Bruk, and V. S. Apenchenko, Atlas Narodov Mira (Moscow: Academy of Science, 1964) A. Gabriel, Religionsgeographie von Persien (Vienna, 1971).
External links
- Photo of Shindand market vendor Robert Lankenau, 2005-03-26
| Herat Province | ||
|---|---|---|
| Capital: Herat | ||
| Districts |  | |
| Populated places | ||
| Landmarks | ||