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| The '''Kingdom of Luang Prabang''' (]: ອານາຈັກຫຼວງພະບາງ; ]: ルアンプラバン王国) was a short-lived puppet state of ], existed from March 9, 1945 to October 12, 1945.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A short history of Laos |url=http://asc.mcu.ac.th/database/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/A-Short-History-of-Laos.pdf}}</ref> | The '''Kingdom of Luang Prabang''' (]: ອານາຈັກຫຼວງພະບາງ; ]: ルアンプラバン王国) was a short-lived puppet state of ], existed from March 9, 1945 to October 12, 1945.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A short history of Laos |url=http://asc.mcu.ac.th/database/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/A-Short-History-of-Laos.pdf}}</ref> | ||
| == History == | |||
| On 22 September 1940 ] forces ]. This was done with reluctant cooperation from the ] authorities, who had been put into position following the ] by ] a few months earlier. The subsequent occupation then occurred gradually, with Japanese garrisons being stationed across Indochina which was still administered by the French. | |||
| October 1940, ], sensing French weakness from the years previous events, began attacking the eastern banks of the Mekong between ] and ]. This would erupt into a full ] in January 1941. After initial Thai victories their offensive stalled, and the French scored a great ], leading to a stalemate. The Japanese mediated a ceasefire and compelled the French colonial government to cede Champassak and Xaignabouli Province in Laos and Battambang Province in Cambodia to Thailand, ending the war. | |||
| The French protectorate ]<nowiki/>demanded sovereignty over all of Laos as compensation, a proposition headed by French-educated Crown Prince ]. A secret French report from March 1941 recognized nationalistic aspirations among the people of Laos, but feared the ] might choose to align themselves with Thailand should they become subordinate to another royal house. The territorial loss had already weakened French hold in the region. Savang Vatthana and ] Maurice Roques signed an agreement on 21 August 1941 which attached the provinces of Xiangkhouang and Vientiane to the Kingdom of Luang Prabang, and placed the protectorate on the same footing as ] and ]. The renewed focus on Laos also brought significant modernization of the kingdoms administration and the French also said they would not object should the kingdom further extend itself southwards. Prince ] became the first ] while a new advisory council for King ] was headed by Savang Vatthana. | |||
| To maintain support and expel Thai influence ] ] encouraged the rise of a Lao nationalist movement, the Movement for National Renovation, which sought to defend Lao territory from ]. A French report stated "If the protectorate government does not succeed in creating an autonomous Laotian individuality—at least among those who have received education—then they will feel themselves increasingly attracted towards the neighboring country and this situation will create new difficulties". More schools were built in Laos during this period than in the last 40 years and the ] was even renamed the "Temple for the National Idea of Laos". The movement also published a propaganda newspaper, ''Lao Nyai'' (Great Laos) in January 1941, slamming Thai policies over the Lao people and the ceded lands while promoting a sense of identity across Laos. It ran poetry competitions that celebrated Lao culture and history, and ran columns that reintroduced the ‘glorious lineage’ of the modern Lao from the time of ]. The paper, however, was not allowed to stray outside official French policy or to become explicitly nationalistic. The paper also covered the movements of King Sisavang Vong who, emboldened by the expansion of his kingdom and of secret French assurances of further expansion, made trips to several southern cities, including ], on his way to ] in 1941. In the south of the country later in the war, the Lao-Seri movement was formed in 1944 which unlike the Movement for National Renovation was not supportive of the French and declared a "Laos for Laotians" policy aimed at achieving outright independence. | |||
| == "Independence" == | == "Independence" == | ||
Revision as of 02:21, 28 April 2023
| Kingdom of Luang Prabangອານາຈັກຫຼວງພະບາງ (Lao) ルアンプラバン王国 (Japanese) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1945 | |||||||||||
.png)
National flag | |||||||||||
| Anthem: "Pheng Xat Lao" (Template:Lang-en) | |||||||||||
| Status | Puppet state of the Empire of Japan | ||||||||||
| Capital | Luang Prabang | ||||||||||
| Common languages | Japanese French Lao | ||||||||||
| Religion | State Shinto Buddhism Roman Catholicism | ||||||||||
| Government | Absolute monarchy | ||||||||||
| King | |||||||||||
| • 1945 | Sisavang Vong | ||||||||||
| Prime Minister | |||||||||||
| • 1945 | Prince Phetsarath | ||||||||||
| Historical era | World War II | ||||||||||
| • Independence | March 9 1945 | ||||||||||
| • Lao Issara takeover | 12 October 1945 | ||||||||||
| Currency | French Indochinese piastre, Japanese military yen | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Today part of | Laos | ||||||||||
The Kingdom of Luang Prabang (Laotian: ອານາຈັກຫຼວງພະບາງ; Japanese: ルアンプラバン王国) was a short-lived puppet state of Imperial Japan, existed from March 9, 1945 to October 12, 1945.
"Independence"
"The Lao who have rarely bothered to see beyond the trees which surround their villages, must realize from here on that they belong to the great Lao people . . ."
After the Liberation of Paris under General Charles de Gaulle occurred in 1944. At the same time, Imperial Japanese troops were being largely defeated in the Pacific Front. In March 1945, the Japanese started a coup and officially took full control of the Frech Indochina. Large numbers of French officials in Laos were then imprisoned or executed by the Japanese. The staunchly pro-French King Sisavang Vong was also imprisoned and forced by both the Japanese and Prince Phetsarath, into declaring the French protectorate over his kingdom ended, while entering the nation into the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere on 8 April 1945. Prince Phetsarath remained as Prime Minister in the newly independent puppet state.
Downfall
After Japan's surrender in August, Prince Phetsarath was conflicted with King Sisavong and the royal court. The King had already agreed with the French that he intended to have the country resume its former status as a French colony. Prince Phetsarath urged the King to reconsider and sent telegrams to all Laotian provincial governors notifying them that the Japanese surrender did not affect Laos' status as independent and warned them to resist any foreign intervention. On 15 September he declared the unification of the Kingdom of Laos with the southern regions; this caused the King to dismiss him from his post as Prime Minister on 10 October.
- "A short history of Laos" (PDF).