Misplaced Pages

Upper Galilee: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editNext edit →Content deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 18:28, 11 March 2023 edit2601:541:4580:8500:d953:611:9f7d:634a (talk) improve← Previous edit Revision as of 01:45, 21 May 2023 edit undoTurnagra (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users7,614 editsNo edit summaryNext edit →
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Regional area in northern Israel}} {{Short description|Regional area in northern Israel}}
{{Infobox landform
{{Infobox landform|name=Upper Galilee|designation=|volcanic_belt=|volcanic_field=|eruption=|last_eruption=|topo=|operator=|free_label_1=|volcanic_arc/belt=|free_data_1=|free_label_2=|free_data_2=|free_label_3=|free_data_3=|website=<!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->|volcanic_arc=|orogeny=|other_name={{native name list
|name=Upper Galilee
|tag1=he |name1=הגליל העליון |italics1=no
|type=]
|tag2=ar |name2=الجليل الأعلى |italics2=no}}|highest_point=]|photo=File:WV Upper Galilee region in Israel.png|photo_caption=The location of the Upper Galilee region in Israel|map=|coordinates={{coord|32|59|N|35|24|E|type:region|display=inline,title}}|range=|part_of=]|highest_elevation={{cvt|1,208|m}}|age=|length=|width=|area=<!-- {{Convert|NN|ha|acres}} -->|depth=|drop=|formed_by=|geology=<!-- or |type = -->|embedded=}}
|native_name={{native name list|tag1=he |name1=הגליל העליון |italics1=no|tag2=ar |name2=الجليل الأعلى |italics2=no}}
|highest_point=]
|photo=WV Upper Galilee region in Israel.png
|photo_caption=The location of the Upper Galilee region in Israel
|image_map=
|coordinates={{coord|32|59|N|35|24|E|type:region|display=inline,title}}
|range=
|part_of=]
|highest_elevation={{cvt|1,208|m}}
|age=
|length=
|width=
|area=<!-- {{Convert|NN|ha|acres}} -->
|depth=
|drop=
|formed_by=
|geology=<!-- or |type = -->
|embedded=}}


The '''Upper Galilee''' ({{lang-he|הגליל העליון}}, ''HaGalil Ha'Elyon''; {{lang-ar|الجليل الأعلى}}, ''Al Jaleel Al A'alaa'') is a geographical-political term in use since the end of the ]. It originally referred to a mountainous area straddling what today is northern ] and southern ]. The boundaries of this area were the ] in the north, the ] in the west, the ] in the south (from which it is separated by the ]), and the upper ] and the ] in the east.<ref name="ariel">{{Cite encyclopedia|author=Vilnai, Ze'ev|title=Upper Galilee|encyclopedia=Ariel Encyclopedia|volume=2|pages=1364–67|publisher=Am Oved|location=Israel|year=1976|language=he}}</ref> According to the 1st-century historian ], the bounds of Upper Galilee stretched from ] in the Beit HaKerem Valley to ] (Peki'in) in the north.<ref>M. Aviam & P. Richardson, "Josephus' Galilee in Archaeological Perspective", published in: {{Cite book | publisher = BRILL| isbn = 9004117938 |editor-last= Mason |editor-first= Steve |editor-link = Steve Mason (biblical scholar) | series = Flavius Josephus: Translation and Commentary | volume = 9 |title = Life of Josephus | date = 2001 |at= pp. 179;182}}; Josephus, ''De Bello Judaico'' (]) II, 577; III, 46 (''Wars of the Jews'' )</ref> The extent of this region is approximately 470&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref>Erich M. Meyers, "Galilean Regionalism as a Factor in Historical Reconstruction," in: '']'' (No. 221, 1976), p. 95</ref> The '''Upper Galilee''' ({{lang-he|הגליל העליון}}, ''HaGalil Ha'Elyon''; {{lang-ar|الجليل الأعلى}}, ''Al Jaleel Al A'alaa'') is a geographical-political term in use since the end of the ]. It originally referred to a mountainous area straddling what today is northern ] and southern ]. The boundaries of this area were the ] in the north, the ] in the west, the ] in the south (from which it is separated by the ]), and the upper ] and the ] in the east.<ref name="ariel">{{Cite encyclopedia|author=Vilnai, Ze'ev|title=Upper Galilee|encyclopedia=Ariel Encyclopedia|volume=2|pages=1364–67|publisher=Am Oved|location=Israel|year=1976|language=he}}</ref> According to the 1st-century historian ], the bounds of Upper Galilee stretched from ] in the Beit HaKerem Valley to ] (Peki'in) in the north.<ref>M. Aviam & P. Richardson, "Josephus' Galilee in Archaeological Perspective", published in: {{Cite book | publisher = BRILL| isbn = 9004117938 |editor-last= Mason |editor-first= Steve |editor-link = Steve Mason (biblical scholar) | series = Flavius Josephus: Translation and Commentary | volume = 9 |title = Life of Josephus | date = 2001 |at= pp. 179;182}}; Josephus, ''De Bello Judaico'' (]) II, 577; III, 46 (''Wars of the Jews'' )</ref> The extent of this region is approximately 470&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref>Erich M. Meyers, "Galilean Regionalism as a Factor in Historical Reconstruction," in: '']'' (No. 221, 1976), p. 95</ref>

Revision as of 01:45, 21 May 2023

Regional area in northern Israel
Upper Galilee
  • הגליל העליון (Hebrew)
  • الجليل الأعلى (Arabic)
Region
The location of the Upper Galilee region in IsraelThe location of the Upper Galilee region in Israel
Coordinates: 32°59′N 35°24′E / 32.983°N 35.400°E / 32.983; 35.400
Part ofIsrael
Native name
  • הגליל העליון (Hebrew)
  • الجليل الأعلى (Arabic)
Highest elevation1,208 m (3,963 ft) (Mount Meron)

The Upper Galilee (Template:Lang-he, HaGalil Ha'Elyon; Template:Lang-ar, Al Jaleel Al A'alaa) is a geographical-political term in use since the end of the Second Temple period. It originally referred to a mountainous area straddling what today is northern Israel and southern Lebanon. The boundaries of this area were the Litani River in the north, the Mediterranean Sea in the west, the Lower Galilee in the south (from which it is separated by the Beit HaKerem Valley), and the upper Jordan River and the Hula Valley in the east. According to the 1st-century historian Josephus, the bounds of Upper Galilee stretched from Bersabe in the Beit HaKerem Valley to Baca (Peki'in) in the north. The extent of this region is approximately 470 km.

However, in present-day Israeli usage, the toponym mainly refers only to the northern part of the Galilee that is under Israeli sovereignty. That is, the term today does not include the portion of Southern Lebanon up to the Litani River, or the corresponding stretches of the Israeli Coastal Plain to the west, or the Jordan Rift Valley to the east. These are considered to be separate geographical areas that are not part of “Upper Galilee.”

History

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Ain Ebel in the Lebanese Upper Galilee

Following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and the Balfour Declaration in which the British Empire promised to create "A Jewish National Home" in Palestine, the Zionist Movement presented to the Versailles Peace Conference a document calling for including in the British Mandate of Palestine the entire territory up to the Litani river — with a view to this becoming eventually part of a future Jewish state.

However, only less than half this area was actually included in British Mandatory Palestine, the final border being influenced both by diplomatic maneuverings and struggles between Britain and France and by fighting on the ground, especially the March 1920 battle of Tel Hai.

For a considerable time after the border was defined so to make the northern portion of the territory concerned part of the French mandated territory that became Lebanon, many Zionist geographers — and Israeli geographers in the state's early years — continued to speak of "The Upper Galilee" as being "the northern sub-area of the Galilee region of Israel and Lebanon".

Under this definition, "The Upper Galilee" covers an area spreading over 1,500 km, about 700 in Israel and the rest in Lebanon. This included the highland region of Belad Bechara in Jabal Amel located in South Lebanon, which was at for some time known in Hebrew as "The Lebanese Galilee". As defined in geographical terms, "it is separated from the Lower Galilee by the Beit HaKerem valley; its mountains are taller and valleys are deeper than those in the Lower Galilee; its tallest peak is Har Meron at 1,208 m above sea level. Safed is one of the major cities in this region".

In recent decades, however, this usage has virtually disappeared from the general Israeli discourse, the term "Upper Galilee" being used solely in reference to the part located in Israel.

A panoramic view taken from mount Ari in the Upper Galilee towards the Lower Galilee

Gallery

See also

References

  1. ^ Vilnai, Ze'ev (1976). "Upper Galilee". Ariel Encyclopedia (in Hebrew). Vol. 2. Israel: Am Oved. pp. 1364–67.
  2. M. Aviam & P. Richardson, "Josephus' Galilee in Archaeological Perspective", published in: Mason, Steve, ed. (2001). Life of Josephus. Flavius Josephus: Translation and Commentary. Vol. 9. BRILL. pp. 179;182. ISBN 9004117938.; Josephus, De Bello Judaico (Wars of the Jews) II, 577; III, 46 (Wars of the Jews 3.3.1)
  3. Erich M. Meyers, "Galilean Regionalism as a Factor in Historical Reconstruction," in: Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (No. 221, 1976), p. 95
  4. Salibi, Kamal S. (1988). A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered. London: I.B. Tauris. p. 4. ISBN 1-85043-091-8.

External links

Categories: