| Revision as of 11:52, 12 June 2023 edit2800:ac:8023:acbe:50a0:b1fb:f938:85f8 (talk) The text didn’t make much senseTags: Mobile edit Mobile app edit iOS app edit← Previous edit | Revision as of 11:19, 14 June 2023 edit undoHavradim (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users2,450 edits Restoring Names heading and other deleted content, moving name and historical information to their proper headings, copyediting with added links, formattingTag: Disambiguation links addedNext edit → | ||
| Line 28: | Line 28: | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| ⚫ | The '''Dung Gate''' ({{lang-he|שער האשפות}} ''Sha'ar Ha'ashpot''), also known in ] as the '''Silwan Gate'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title= Dung Gate|publisher= Jerusalem Municipality|language=en|url=https://www.jerusalem.muni.il/en/experience/places-to-see/gates/dung_gate/|access-date= 2023-03-11}}</ref> and '''Mughrabi Gate''' ({{lang-ar|باب المغاربة}} ''Bab al-Maghariba''),<ref name="Avi-Yonah1973">{{cite book|author=Michael Avi-Yonah|author-link=Michael Avi-Yonah|title=Jérusalem|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qFZbAAAAIAAJ|year=1973|publisher=Keter|page=78|isbn=9780706513257|quote=Dung Gate (Bab al-Maghariba, or Moor Gate, because of its proximity to the quarter of the Maghreb Muslims)}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> is one of the ].<ref name="muni"></ref> It was built as a small ] gate in the 16th century by the ], first widened for vehicular traffic in 1952 by the ]ians, and again in 1985 by the ]i authorities.<ref name=Aronson>{{cite web |title= Dung Gate Jerusalem |publisher= Shlomo Aronson Architects |url= https://www.s-aronson.co.il/portfolio-item/dung-gate-jerusalem/ |access-date=18 June 2020}}</ref> | ||
| The '''Dung Gate''' ({{lang-he|שער האשפות}} ''Sha'ar Ha'ashpot''), also known in ] as the '''Silwan Gate'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title= Dung Gate |publisher= Jerusalem Municipality |language=en |url= | |||
| ⚫ | https://www.jerusalem.muni.il/en/experience/places-to-see/gates/dung_gate/ |
||
| == Location == | == Location == | ||
| Line 38: | Line 37: | ||
| The Dung Gate is a main passage for vehicles coming out of the Old City and for buses headed to the ]. | The Dung Gate is a main passage for vehicles coming out of the Old City and for buses headed to the ]. | ||
| == |
== Names == | ||
| The Dung Gate was originally known as the Maghrebi Gate. This name alludes to the Mughrabi Quarter, a neighborhood of North African Kutama Fatimids, which was historically situated just inside the gate. The same name also refers to ] overlooking the plaza that allows entrance into ] above. | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| The Maghrebi Muslims were renowned for their valour in fighting alongside ], who resettled them on the western side of ] in order to ]. His son, ], later founded the Mughrabi quarter (Harat al-Maghariba) along with the Preferred School. The entire neighborhood was razed by Israel in the aftermath of the ] in order to make way for the ].<ref name=":1" /> | |||
| In the 19th century, |
In the 19th century, ] began to refer to the gate as Dung Gate ({{lang-he|שער האשפות}} ''Sha'ar Ha'ashpot''). This was done in commemoration of an ancient gate in the Jerusalem wall from the ] ({{bibleverse|Nehemiah|3:13-14)}} which was located near the ] in the days of the Second Temple. It was probably named after the residue that was taken from the ] into the ], where it was burned. The name was transferred to this small gate - at first, a small rectangular postern in the tower of the wall - in the 19th century.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="muni" /> | ||
| The name Silwan Gate refers to the village of ], that lies outside the gate, broadly southeast of it.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
| Arabs refer to the gate as "the Mughrabi Gate", but that name is ambiguous as it also applies to ] that allow entrance into ], inside the Old City walls. The name alludes to the ], a neighborhood of North African ] ] which was situated between both gates until 1967. | |||
| Finally, | |||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ⚫ | The original gate was built after the establishment of the ] in the aftermath of the ] by Saladin in 1187. The Maghrebi Gate was rebuilt in 1313, during the Mamluk period, by ], during the same time that the ] was renovated.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghosheh, M. Hashim. |title=Guide to the Masjid al-Aqsa; an Architectural and Historical Guide to the Islamic Monuments in the Masjid al-Aqsa. |publisher=Ministry of Awqaf and Religious Affairs. |year=2005}}</ref> | ||
| ===Fortified Ottoman postern=== | ===Fortified Ottoman postern=== | ||
| The |
The current gate was built as part of the new ] erected under ] between 1537 and 1541. The original opening was just 1.5 metres wide, topped by an arch and only designed for pedestrians and pack animals to pass through.<ref name=Aronson/> Initially the gate, or more precisely the ], included an inner gate tower, which was demolished before the end of the Ottoman period.<ref name=Conservation/> Towards the end of Ottoman rule, a new gate tower or gatehouse was added, but this time outside the wall, in a style that blended in with the 16th-century fortifications.<ref name=Conservation>{{cite web |title= The Conservation of Jerusalem's City Walls: The Dung Gate Section |publisher= Israel Antiquities Authority |url= http://www.antiquities.org.il/jerusalemWalls/preservation_e10DungGate_hstry.asp |access-date=18 June 2020}}</ref> This outer tower was demolished by the ] in 1938, probably as part of their drive to restore the walls to their original look, this bringing back to light the old stone decorations.<ref name=Conservation/><ref name=Foundation>{{cite book |title= Dung Gate |publisher= The Jerusalem Foundation |url= https://projects.jerusalemfoundation.org/heritage/preservation/dung-gate.aspx |access-date=18 June 2020}}</ref> | ||
| ===Jordanian and Israeli modernisation=== | ===Jordanian and Israeli modernisation=== | ||
Revision as of 11:19, 14 June 2023
Gate in Jerusalem's Old City Walls| Dung Gate / Silwan Gate / Maghrabi Gate | |
|---|---|
 Dung Gate | |
  Location in Old Jerusalem | |
| General information | |
| Town or city | Jerusalem |
| Coordinates | 31°46′29″N 35°14′2″E / 31.77472°N 35.23389°E / 31.77472; 35.23389 |
The Dung Gate (Template:Lang-he Sha'ar Ha'ashpot), also known in Arabic as the Silwan Gate and Mughrabi Gate (Template:Lang-ar Bab al-Maghariba), is one of the Gates of the Old City of Jerusalem. It was built as a small postern gate in the 16th century by the Ottomans, first widened for vehicular traffic in 1952 by the Jordanians, and again in 1985 by the Israeli authorities.
Location
Bab al-Maghariba is the last gate of the mosque from the western side of Masjid al-Aqsa, on the western walls of Masjid al-Aqsa, called the Burak Wall. It is the nearest open gate to Al-Qibli Mosque. According to the Dome of the Rock, the Maghariba Gates are placed southwest of it. This gate is located north of the Zawiyah al-Fikhriyah (Zawiyah Abu Sa’ud).
It took its name from the Al-Maghariba Mosque to the south of it and from the Al-Maghariba Quarter to which it used to lead. It was removed by the occupation authorities in 1387 AH / 1967 AD and turned into a square for Jewish prayer called the “Wailing Square.”
The Dung Gate is a main passage for vehicles coming out of the Old City and for buses headed to the Western Wall.
Names
The Dung Gate was originally known as the Maghrebi Gate. This name alludes to the Mughrabi Quarter, a neighborhood of North African Kutama Fatimids, which was historically situated just inside the gate. The same name also refers to a gate overlooking the plaza that allows entrance into the Temple Mount above.
The Maghrebi Muslims were renowned for their valour in fighting alongside Salah al-Din, who resettled them on the western side of Al-Aqsa Mosque in order to re-Islamize the city. His son, al-Afdal Ali, later founded the Mughrabi quarter (Harat al-Maghariba) along with the Preferred School. The entire neighborhood was razed by Israel in the aftermath of the Six-Day War in order to make way for the Western Wall Plaza.
In the 19th century, Zionists began to refer to the gate as Dung Gate (Template:Lang-he Sha'ar Ha'ashpot). This was done in commemoration of an ancient gate in the Jerusalem wall from the Hebrew Bible (Nehemiah 3:13–14) which was located near the Pool of Siloam in the days of the Second Temple. It was probably named after the residue that was taken from the Jewish Temple into the Valley of Hinnom, where it was burned. The name was transferred to this small gate - at first, a small rectangular postern in the tower of the wall - in the 19th century.
The name Silwan Gate refers to the village of Silwan, that lies outside the gate, broadly southeast of it.
History
The original gate was built after the establishment of the Maghrebi Quarter in the aftermath of the liberation of Jerusalem by Saladin in 1187. The Maghrebi Gate was rebuilt in 1313, during the Mamluk period, by Al-Nasir Muhammad bin Qalawun, during the same time that the Chain Gate was renovated.
Fortified Ottoman postern
The current gate was built as part of the new city walls erected under Suleiman the Magnificent between 1537 and 1541. The original opening was just 1.5 metres wide, topped by an arch and only designed for pedestrians and pack animals to pass through. Initially the gate, or more precisely the postern, included an inner gate tower, which was demolished before the end of the Ottoman period. Towards the end of Ottoman rule, a new gate tower or gatehouse was added, but this time outside the wall, in a style that blended in with the 16th-century fortifications. This outer tower was demolished by the British Mandate officials in 1938, probably as part of their drive to restore the walls to their original look, this bringing back to light the old stone decorations.
Jordanian and Israeli modernisation
In 1952, when the gate was widened by the Jordanian authorities to allow cars and buses to pass through it, a reinforced concrete girder was installed under the old stone arch. In 1984-85 the gate was again enlarged, the old arch and the other decorative elements being raised, so that the opening reached a height of 4.5 metres. The modern gate is built of reinforced concrete, but clad in stone, and the new design helps the old and new elements blend together without disturbing the general style of the city wall, with the gate's opening closing in a more curvy line instead of the straight Jordanian lintel. Landscape architect Shlomo Aronson cooperated with architect Arthur Kutcher at implementing the decision of the Jerusalem Foundation established by then-mayor Teddy Kollek, motivated by the sharp increase in pilgrims traffic.
See also
References
- ^ "Dung Gate". Jerusalem Municipality. Retrieved 2023-03-11.
- Michael Avi-Yonah (1973). Jérusalem. Keter. p. 78. ISBN 9780706513257.
Dung Gate (Bab al-Maghariba, or Moor Gate, because of its proximity to the quarter of the Maghreb Muslims)
- ^ Jerusalem Municipality, Dung Gate
- ^ "Dung Gate Jerusalem". Shlomo Aronson Architects. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
- ^ Al-Jallad, I. (2017). معالم المسجد الأقصى تحت المجهر . Baytul Maqdis Center for Literature.
- Ghosheh, M. Hashim. (2005). Guide to the Masjid al-Aqsa; an Architectural and Historical Guide to the Islamic Monuments in the Masjid al-Aqsa. Ministry of Awqaf and Religious Affairs.
- ^ "The Conservation of Jerusalem's City Walls: The Dung Gate Section". Israel Antiquities Authority. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
- ^ Dung Gate. The Jerusalem Foundation. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
External links
31°46′29″N 35°14′2″E / 31.77472°N 35.23389°E / 31.77472; 35.23389
| Temple Mount / Al-Aqsa | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al-Aqsa |
| ||||||||||||
| Jewish elements |
| ||||||||||||
| Other components |
| ||||||||||||
| Excavations | |||||||||||||
| Conflicts | |||||||||||||
| See also | |||||||||||||
