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| The '''Afsharid dynasty''' ({{lang-fa|افشاریان}}) was an ]{{sfn|Tucker|2012}} dynasty founded by ] ({{reign|1736|1747}}) of the Qirqlu clan of the ] ].{{sfn|Tucker|2012}}{{sfn|Stöber|2010}} | The '''Afsharid dynasty''' ({{lang-fa|افشاریان}}) was an ]{{sfn|Tucker|2012}} dynasty founded by ] ({{reign|1736|1747}}) of the Qirqlu clan of the ] ].{{sfn|Tucker|2012}}{{sfn|Stöber|2010}} | ||
| ==Early Origins== | |||
| The origins of the Afsharid Dynasty of Iran can be traced back to the Afshar tribe, a Turkic-speaking ethnic group originally from Central Asia. The Afshars migrated to the eastern parts of Persia in the late 17th century, during a time when the Safavid Empire was experiencing internal strife and external threats. The Afshars gradually established themselves as a significant military force within the region. | |||
| ==Nadir Shah and the Rise of the Afsharid== | |||
| The pivotal figure in the rise of the Afsharid Dynasty of Iran was Nadir Shah Afshar, an ambitious military commander born into a humble background. Nadir Shah emerged as a prominent leader in the power vacuum that followed the collapse of the Safavid Empire. His military prowess and strategic acumen allowed him to unite various tribal and ethnic groups under the banner of the Afshar tribe. | |||
| In 1736, Nadir Shah deposed the last Safavid ruler, Shah Sultan Husayn, and declared himself the Shah of Persia, marking the formal establishment of the Afsharid Dynasty of Iran. Nadir Shah's reign was marked by military conquests and territorial expansion. He successfully restored Persian sovereignty over parts of the Caucasus, Central Asia, and northern India. His military campaigns brought immense wealth to Iran, which further solidified his rule. | |||
| ==Cultural and Economic Achievements== | |||
| During Nadir Shah's rule, the Afsharid Dynasty of Iran experienced a revival of Persian arts and culture. The court patronized poets, scholars, and artists, contributing to the flourishing of Persian literature and architecture. Additionally, Nadir Shah's policies aimed at economic development and administrative reforms helped stabilize the empire's finances and governance. | |||
| ==The Downfall and Legacy== | |||
| Despite his initial successes, Nader Shah's rule eventually faced challenges. His centralization of power, harsh treatment of local elites, and military campaigns stretched the empire's resources and led to discontent among various groups. In 1747, Nader Shah was assassinated, leading to a period of instability and power struggles within the Afsharid Dynasty of Iran. | |||
| After Nader Shah's death, his empire quickly disintegrated. Various regional leaders vied for control, and by 1749, a power struggle resulted in the fragmentation of the Iranian state into smaller kingdoms. The Qajar dynasty of Iran, founded by Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, emerged as a dominant force, eventually leading to the downfall of the Afsharid Dynasty in 1796. | |||
| ==Legacy and Impact== | |||
| The Afsharid Dynasty's of Iran legacy is complex and multifaceted. While their rule was relatively short-lived, they played a crucial role in shaping the political and cultural landscape of Persia. The dynasty's emphasis on military strength and territorial expansion, as well as its efforts to revitalize Persian culture, left a lasting impact on subsequent Iranian dynasties. The Afsharid period also marked a transition between the Safavid and Qajar eras, reflecting broader shifts in regional power dynamics and governance structures. | |||
| In conclusion, the Afsharid Dynasty of Iran emerged from humble origins to become a formidable force in the aftermath of the Safavid Empire's decline. Led by Nadir Shah, the dynasty achieved remarkable military conquests and cultural achievements. However, internal challenges and external pressures ultimately led to its downfall, paving the way for the rise of the Qajar dynasty. The Afsharids' influence on Iran's history, culture, and politics continues to be studied and appreciated as a pivotal chapter in the nation's evolution. | |||
| ==List of Afsharid monarchs== | ==List of Afsharid monarchs== | ||
Revision as of 20:26, 14 August 2023
1736–1796 Iranian dynasty of Turkoman origin This article is about the Afsharid royal dynasty. For the royal state, see Afsharid Iran.| Afsharid | |
|---|---|
 Seal of Nader Shah | |
.svg) Afsharid flag under Nader Shah | |
| Parent family | Afshar tribe |
| Country | Afsharid Iran |
| Place of origin | Greater Khorasan, Iran |
| Founded | 1736 |
| Founder | Nader Shah |
| Final ruler | Shahrokh Shah |
| Final head | Nader Mirza Afshar |
| Titles | Shah of Iran |
| Traditions | Shia Islam (Twelver) |
| Deposition | 1796 |
The Afsharid dynasty (Template:Lang-fa) was an Iranian dynasty founded by Nader Shah (r. 1736–1747) of the Qirqlu clan of the Turkoman Afshar tribe.
List of Afsharid monarchs
See also: List of kings of Persia| No. | Shah | Portrait | Reigned from | Reigned until | Time in office | Seal | Coinage | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nader Shah | .jpg)
|
8 March 1736 | 20 June 1747 | 11 years, 104 days |
|
| |
| 2 | Adel Shah | 
|
6 July 1747 | 1 October 1748 | 1 year, 87 days | — | 
| |
| 3 | Shahrokh Shah | — | 1 October 1748 | January 1750 | 1 year, 92 days | — | 
| |
| 4 | Ebrahim Afshar | — | 8 December 1748 | 1749 | — | 
| ||
Family tree
| Imam Qoli (d. 1704) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ebrahim Khan (d. 1738) | Nader Shah (r. 1736–1747) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adel Shah (r. 1747–1748) | Ebrahim Afshar (r. 1748) | Reza Qoli Mirza (b. 1719 – d.1747) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shahrokh Shah (r. 1748–1796) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nader Mirza (d. 1803) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
Sources
- Amanat, Abbas (1997). Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831–1896. I. B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1845118280.
- Amanat, Abbas (2017). Iran: A Modern History. Yale University Press. pp. 1–992. ISBN 978-0300112542.
- Axworthy, Michael (2006). The Sword of Persia: Nader Shah, from Tribal Warrior to Conquering Tyrant. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1850437062.
- Fisher, William Bayne; Avery, P.; Hambly, G. R. G; Melville, C. (1991). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 7. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521200954.
- Bulookbashi, Ali A.; Negahban, Farzin (2008). "Afshār". In Madelung, Wilferd; Daftary, Farhad (eds.). Encyclopaedia Islamica Online. Brill Online. ISSN 1875-9831.
- Oberling, P. (1984). "AFŠĀR". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. I/6: Afghanistan–Ahriman. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 582–586. ISBN 978-0-71009-095-9.
- Stöber, Georg (2010). "Afshār". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.
- Tucker, Ernest (2012). "Afshārids". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.
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