Chlamydia pecorum: Difference between revisions

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	'''''Chlamydia pecorum''''', also known as '''Chlamydophila pecorum'''<ref name="FukushiHirai1992">{{cite journal\|last1=Fukushi\|first1=H.\|last2=Hirai\|first2=K.\|title=Proposal of Chlamydia Pecorum sp. nov. for Chlamydia Strains Derived from Ruminants\|journal=International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology\|volume=42\|issue=2\|year=1992\|pages=306–308\|issn=0020-7713\|doi=10.1099/00207713-42-2-306\|pmid=1581191\|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="MojicaHuot Creasy2011">{{cite journal\|last1=Mojica\|first1=S.\|last2=Huot Creasy\|first2=H.\|last3=Daugherty\|first3=S.\|last4=Read\|first4=T. D.\|last5=Kim\|first5=T.\|last6=Kaltenboeck\|first6=B.\|last7=Bavoil\|first7=P.\|last8=Myers\|first8=G. S. A.\|title=Genome Sequence of the Obligate Intracellular Animal Pathogen Chlamydia pecorum E58\|journal=Journal of Bacteriology\|volume=193\|issue=14\|year=2011\|pages=3690\|issn=0021-9193\|doi=10.1128/JB.00454-11\|pmid=21571992\|pmc=3133325}}</ref> is a species of ] that originated from ], such as ], ] and ].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Fukushi\|first1=Hideto\|last2=Hirai\|first2=Katsuya\|date=1992\|title=Proposal of Chlamydia Pecorum sp. nov. for Chlamydia Strains Derived from Ruminants\|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology\|volume=42\|issue=2\|pages=306–308\|doi=10.1099/00207713-42-2-306\|pmid=1581191\|issn=1466-5026\|doi-access=free}}</ref> It has also infected ] and ].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Mojica\|first1=Sergio\|last2=Creasy\|first2=Heather Huot\|last3=Daugherty\|first3=Sean\|last4=Read\|first4=Timothy D.\|last5=Kim\|first5=Teayoun\|last6=Kaltenboeck\|first6=Bernhard\|last7=Bavoil\|first7=Patrik\|last8=Myers\|first8=Garry S. A.\|date=2011-07-15\|title=Genome Sequence of the Obligate Intracellular Animal Pathogen Chlamydia pecorum E58\|journal=Journal of Bacteriology\|language=en\|volume=193\|issue=14\|pages=3690\|doi=10.1128/JB.00454-11\|issn=0021-9193\|pmid=21571992\|pmc=3133325\|doi-access=free}}</ref> ''C. pecorum'' strains are serologically and pathogenically diverse.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Berthold\|first=Emma\|date=2018-02-14\|title=Did koalas catch killer Chlamydia from sheep?\|url=https://www.science.org.au/curious/earth-environment/did-koalas-catch-killer-chlamydia-sheep\|access-date=2021-04-28\|website=Curious\|language=en}}</ref>		'''''Chlamydia pecorum''''', also known as '''Chlamydophila pecorum'''<ref name="FukushiHirai1992">{{cite journal\|last1=Fukushi\|first1=H.\|last2=Hirai\|first2=K.\|title=Proposal of Chlamydia Pecorum sp. nov. for Chlamydia Strains Derived from Ruminants\|journal=International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology\|volume=42\|issue=2\|year=1992\|pages=306–308\|issn=0020-7713\|doi=10.1099/00207713-42-2-306\|pmid=1581191\|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="MojicaHuot Creasy2011">{{cite journal\|last1=Mojica\|first1=S.\|last2=Huot Creasy\|first2=H.\|last3=Daugherty\|first3=S.\|last4=Read\|first4=T. D.\|last5=Kim\|first5=T.\|last6=Kaltenboeck\|first6=B.\|last7=Bavoil\|first7=P.\|last8=Myers\|first8=G. S. A.\|title=Genome Sequence of the Obligate Intracellular Animal Pathogen Chlamydia pecorum E58\|journal=Journal of Bacteriology\|volume=193\|issue=14\|year=2011\|pages=3690\|issn=0021-9193\|doi=10.1128/JB.00454-11\|pmid=21571992\|pmc=3133325}}</ref> is a species of ] that originated from ], such as ], ] and ].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Fukushi\|first1=Hideto\|last2=Hirai\|first2=Katsuya\|date=1992\|title=Proposal of Chlamydia Pecorum sp. nov. for Chlamydia Strains Derived from Ruminants\|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology\|volume=42\|issue=2\|pages=306–308\|doi=10.1099/00207713-42-2-306\|pmid=1581191\|issn=1466-5026\|doi-access=free}}</ref> It has also infected ] and ].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Mojica\|first1=Sergio\|last2=Creasy\|first2=Heather Huot\|last3=Daugherty\|first3=Sean\|last4=Read\|first4=Timothy D.\|last5=Kim\|first5=Teayoun\|last6=Kaltenboeck\|first6=Bernhard\|last7=Bavoil\|first7=Patrik\|last8=Myers\|first8=Garry S. A.\|date=2011-07-15\|title=Genome Sequence of the Obligate Intracellular Animal Pathogen Chlamydia pecorum E58\|journal=Journal of Bacteriology\|language=en\|volume=193\|issue=14\|pages=3690\|doi=10.1128/JB.00454-11\|issn=0021-9193\|pmid=21571992\|pmc=3133325\|doi-access=free}}</ref> ''C. pecorum'' strains are serologically and pathogenically diverse.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Berthold\|first=Emma\|date=2018-02-14\|title=Did koalas catch killer Chlamydia from sheep?\|url=https://www.science.org.au/curious/earth-environment/did-koalas-catch-killer-chlamydia-sheep\|access-date=2021-04-28\|website=Curious\|language=en}}</ref>

	In the koalas, ''C. pecorum'' causes infections in the reproductive systems and ], as well as ], ], and ].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Mackie\|first1=J. T.\|last2=Gillett\|first2=A. K.\|last3=Palmieri\|first3=C.\|last4=Feng\|first4=T.\|last5=Higgins\|first5=D. P.\|date=2016-11-01\|title=Pneumonia due to Chlamydia pecorum in a Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)\|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021997516301013\|journal=Journal of Comparative Pathology\|language=en\|volume=155\|issue=4\|pages=356–360\|doi=10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.07.011\|issn=0021-9975\|pmid=27567271}}</ref> It is considered one of the most important infectious diseases that currently plagues koalas.<ref>{{cite journal\|last1=Griffith\|first1=JE\|last2=Higgins\|first2=DP\|date=November 2012\|title=Diagnosis, treatment and outcomes for koala chlamydiosis at a rehabilitation facility (1995-2005)\|journal=Australian Veterinary Journal\|volume=90\|issue=11\|pages=457–463\|doi=10.1111/j.1751-0813.2012.00963.x\|pmid=23106328}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|last1=Govendir\|first1=M.\|last2=Hanger\|first2=J.\|last3=Loader\|first3=J. J.\|last4=Kimble\|first4=B.\|last5=Griffith\|first5=J. E.\|last6=Black\|first6=L. A.\|last7=Krockenberger\|first7=M. B.\|last8=Higgins\|first8=D. P.\|title=Plasma concentrations of chloramphenicol after subcutaneous administration to koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) with chlamydiosis\|journal=Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics\|date=April 2012\|volume=35\|issue=2\|pages=147–154\|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01307.x\|pmid=21569052}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Burach\|first1=Fabienne\|last2=Pospischil\|first2=Andreas\|last3=Hanger\|first3=Jon\|last4=Loader\|first4=Jo\|last5=Pillonel\|first5=Trestan\|last6=Greub\|first6=Gilbert\|last7=Borel\|first7=Nicole\|date=2014-08-06\|title=Chlamydiaceae and Chlamydia-like organisms in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)--organ distribution and histopathological findings\|url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/97894/1/VETMIC-D-14-9323.pdf\|journal=Veterinary Microbiology\|volume=172\|issue=1–2\|pages=230–240\|doi=10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.04.022\|issn=1873-2542\|pmid=24888862\|s2cid=9948808 }}</ref> C.pecorum is the most common chlamydial species to infect koalas and is the most pathogenic.<ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Polkinghorne \|first1=Adam \|last2=Hanger \|first2=Jon \|last3=Timms \|first3=Peter \|author-link3=Peter Timms (conservationist) \|date=August 2013 \|title=Recent advances in understanding the biology, epidemiology and control of chlamydial infections in koalas \|journal=Veterinary Microbiology \|volume=165 \|issue=3–4 \|pages=214–223 \|doi=10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.02.026 \|pmid=23523170}}</ref> In other animals, ''C. pecorum'' has been associated with ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Yang\|first1=Rongchang\|last2=Jacobson\|first2=Caroline\|last3=Gardner\|first3=Graham\|last4=Carmichael\|first4=Ian\|last5=Campbell\|first5=Angus J. D.\|last6=Ryan\|first6=Una\|date=2014-09-01\|title=Longitudinal prevalence and faecal shedding of Chlamydia pecorum in sheep\|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023314002342\|journal=The Veterinary Journal\|language=en\|volume=201\|issue=3\|pages=322–326\|doi=10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.05.037\|pmid=24954870\|issn=1090-0233}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Walker\|first1=Evelyn\|last2=Moore\|first2=Cecily\|last3=Shearer\|first3=Patrick\|last4=Jelocnik\|first4=Martina\|last5=Bommana\|first5=Sankhya\|last6=Timms\|first6=Peter\|last7=Polkinghorne\|first7=Adam\|date=2016-09-08\|title=Clinical, diagnostic and pathologic features of presumptive cases of Chlamydia pecorum-associated arthritis in Australian sheep flocks\|url= \|journal=BMC Veterinary Research\|language=en\|volume=12\|issue=1\|pages=193\|doi=10.1186/s12917-016-0832-3\|issn=1746-6148\|pmc=5017062\|pmid=27608808}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Polkinghorne\|first1=A.\|last2=Borel\|first2=N.\|last3=Becker\|first3=A.\|last4=Lu\|first4=Z. H.\|last5=Zimmermann\|first5=D. R.\|last6=Brugnera\|first6=E.\|last7=Pospischil\|first7=A.\|last8=Vaughan\|first8=L.\|date=2009-03-16\|title=Molecular evidence for chlamydial infections in the eyes of sheep\|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037811350800401X\|journal=Veterinary Microbiology\|series=Special Issue: Chlamydioses\|language=en\|volume=135\|issue=1\|pages=142–146\|doi=10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.09.034\|pmid=18945556\|issn=0378-1135}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Berri\|first1=Mustapha\|last2=Rekiki\|first2=Abdessalem\|last3=Boumedine\|first3=Karim Sidi\|last4=Rodolakis\|first4=Annie\|date=2009-07-01\|title=Simultaneous differential detection of Chlamydophila abortus, Chlamydophila pecorum and Coxiella burnetii from aborted ruminant's clinical samples using multiplex PCR\|url= \|journal=BMC Microbiology\|language=en\|volume=9\|issue=1\|pages=130\|doi=10.1186/1471-2180-9-130\|issn=1471-2180\|pmc=2725139\|pmid=19570194}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Schiller\|first1=Irene\|last2=Koesters\|first2=Robert\|last3=Weilenmann\|first3=Roseline\|last4=Thoma\|first4=Rudolf\|last5=Kaltenboeck\|first5=Bernhard\|last6=Heitz\|first6=Philipp\|last7=Pospischil\|first7=Andreas\|date=1997-11-01\|title=Mixed infections with porcine Chlamydia trachomatis/pecorum and infections with ruminant Chlamydia psittaci serovar 1 associated with abortions in swine\|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378113597001545\|journal=Veterinary Microbiology\|language=en\|volume=58\|issue=2\|pages=251–260\|doi=10.1016/S0378-1135(97)00154-5\|pmid=9453135\|issn=0378-1135}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Greco\|first1=G.\|last2=Corrente\|first2=M.\|last3=Buonavoglia\|first3=D.\|last4=Campanile\|first4=G.\|last5=Di Palo\|first5=R.\|last6=Martella\|first6=V.\|last7=Bellacicco\|first7=A. L.\|last8=D’Abramo\|first8=M.\|last9=Buonavoglia\|first9=C.\|date=2008-06-01\|title=Epizootic abortion related to infections by Chlamydophila abortus and Chlamydophila pecorum in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)\|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0093691X08000629\|journal=Theriogenology\|language=en\|volume=69\|issue=9\|pages=1061–1069\|doi=10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.01.018\|pmid=18374406\|issn=0093-691X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Marrie\|first1=T. J.\|last2=Peeling\|first2=R. W.\|last3=Reid\|first3=T.\|last4=Carolis\|first4=E. De\|last5=Investigators\|first5=the Canadian Community-Acquired Pneumonia\|date=2003-05-01\|title=Chlamydia species as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia in Canada\|url=https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/21/5/779\|journal=European Respiratory Journal\|language=en\|volume=21\|issue=5\|pages=779–784\|doi=10.1183/09031936.03.00095403\|issn=0903-1936\|pmid=12765420\|s2cid=7828355\|doi-access=free}}</ref>		In the koalas, ''C. pecorum'' causes infections in the reproductive systems and ], as well as ], ], and ].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Mackie\|first1=J. T.\|last2=Gillett\|first2=A. K.\|last3=Palmieri\|first3=C.\|last4=Feng\|first4=T.\|last5=Higgins\|first5=D. P.\|date=2016-11-01\|title=Pneumonia due to Chlamydia pecorum in a Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)\|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021997516301013\|journal=Journal of Comparative Pathology\|language=en\|volume=155\|issue=4\|pages=356–360\|doi=10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.07.011\|issn=0021-9975\|pmid=27567271}}</ref> It is considered one of the most important infectious diseases that currently plagues koalas.<ref>{{cite journal\|last1=Griffith\|first1=JE\|last2=Higgins\|first2=DP\|date=November 2012\|title=Diagnosis, treatment and outcomes for koala chlamydiosis at a rehabilitation facility (1995-2005)\|journal=Australian Veterinary Journal\|volume=90\|issue=11\|pages=457–463\|doi=10.1111/j.1751-0813.2012.00963.x\|pmid=23106328}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|last1=Govendir\|first1=M.\|last2=Hanger\|first2=J.\|last3=Loader\|first3=J. J.\|last4=Kimble\|first4=B.\|last5=Griffith\|first5=J. E.\|last6=Black\|first6=L. A.\|last7=Krockenberger\|first7=M. B.\|last8=Higgins\|first8=D. P.\|title=Plasma concentrations of chloramphenicol after subcutaneous administration to koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) with chlamydiosis\|journal=Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics\|date=April 2012\|volume=35\|issue=2\|pages=147–154\|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01307.x\|pmid=21569052}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Burach\|first1=Fabienne\|last2=Pospischil\|first2=Andreas\|last3=Hanger\|first3=Jon\|last4=Loader\|first4=Jo\|last5=Pillonel\|first5=Trestan\|last6=Greub\|first6=Gilbert\|last7=Borel\|first7=Nicole\|date=2014-08-06\|title=Chlamydiaceae and Chlamydia-like organisms in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)--organ distribution and histopathological findings\|url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/97894/1/VETMIC-D-14-9323.pdf\|journal=Veterinary Microbiology\|volume=172\|issue=1–2\|pages=230–240\|doi=10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.04.022\|issn=1873-2542\|pmid=24888862\|s2cid=9948808 }}</ref> C.pecorum is the most common chlamydial species to infect koalas and is the most pathogenic.<ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Polkinghorne \|first1=Adam \|last2=Hanger \|first2=Jon \|last3=Timms \|first3=Peter \|author-link3=Peter Timms (conservationist) \|date=August 2013 \|title=Recent advances in understanding the biology, epidemiology and control of chlamydial infections in koalas \|journal=Veterinary Microbiology \|volume=165 \|issue=3–4 \|pages=214–223 \|doi=10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.02.026 \|pmid=23523170}}</ref> In other animals, ''C. pecorum'' has been associated with ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Yang\|first1=Rongchang\|last2=Jacobson\|first2=Caroline\|last3=Gardner\|first3=Graham\|last4=Carmichael\|first4=Ian\|last5=Campbell\|first5=Angus J. D.\|last6=Ryan\|first6=Una\|date=2014-09-01\|title=Longitudinal prevalence and faecal shedding of Chlamydia pecorum in sheep\|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023314002342\|journal=The Veterinary Journal\|language=en\|volume=201\|issue=3\|pages=322–326\|doi=10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.05.037\|pmid=24954870\|issn=1090-0233}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Walker\|first1=Evelyn\|last2=Moore\|first2=Cecily\|last3=Shearer\|first3=Patrick\|last4=Jelocnik\|first4=Martina\|last5=Bommana\|first5=Sankhya\|last6=Timms\|first6=Peter\|last7=Polkinghorne\|first7=Adam\|date=2016-09-08\|title=Clinical, diagnostic and pathologic features of presumptive cases of Chlamydia pecorum-associated arthritis in Australian sheep flocks\|url= \|journal=BMC Veterinary Research\|language=en\|volume=12\|issue=1\|pages=193\|doi=10.1186/s12917-016-0832-3\|issn=1746-6148\|pmc=5017062\|pmid=27608808 \|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Polkinghorne\|first1=A.\|last2=Borel\|first2=N.\|last3=Becker\|first3=A.\|last4=Lu\|first4=Z. H.\|last5=Zimmermann\|first5=D. R.\|last6=Brugnera\|first6=E.\|last7=Pospischil\|first7=A.\|last8=Vaughan\|first8=L.\|date=2009-03-16\|title=Molecular evidence for chlamydial infections in the eyes of sheep\|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037811350800401X\|journal=Veterinary Microbiology\|series=Special Issue: Chlamydioses\|language=en\|volume=135\|issue=1\|pages=142–146\|doi=10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.09.034\|pmid=18945556\|issn=0378-1135}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Berri\|first1=Mustapha\|last2=Rekiki\|first2=Abdessalem\|last3=Boumedine\|first3=Karim Sidi\|last4=Rodolakis\|first4=Annie\|date=2009-07-01\|title=Simultaneous differential detection of Chlamydophila abortus, Chlamydophila pecorum and Coxiella burnetii from aborted ruminant's clinical samples using multiplex PCR\|url= \|journal=BMC Microbiology\|language=en\|volume=9\|issue=1\|pages=130\|doi=10.1186/1471-2180-9-130\|issn=1471-2180\|pmc=2725139\|pmid=19570194 \|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Schiller\|first1=Irene\|last2=Koesters\|first2=Robert\|last3=Weilenmann\|first3=Roseline\|last4=Thoma\|first4=Rudolf\|last5=Kaltenboeck\|first5=Bernhard\|last6=Heitz\|first6=Philipp\|last7=Pospischil\|first7=Andreas\|date=1997-11-01\|title=Mixed infections with porcine Chlamydia trachomatis/pecorum and infections with ruminant Chlamydia psittaci serovar 1 associated with abortions in swine\|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378113597001545\|journal=Veterinary Microbiology\|language=en\|volume=58\|issue=2\|pages=251–260\|doi=10.1016/S0378-1135(97)00154-5\|pmid=9453135\|issn=0378-1135}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Greco\|first1=G.\|last2=Corrente\|first2=M.\|last3=Buonavoglia\|first3=D.\|last4=Campanile\|first4=G.\|last5=Di Palo\|first5=R.\|last6=Martella\|first6=V.\|last7=Bellacicco\|first7=A. L.\|last8=D’Abramo\|first8=M.\|last9=Buonavoglia\|first9=C.\|date=2008-06-01\|title=Epizootic abortion related to infections by Chlamydophila abortus and Chlamydophila pecorum in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)\|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0093691X08000629\|journal=Theriogenology\|language=en\|volume=69\|issue=9\|pages=1061–1069\|doi=10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.01.018\|pmid=18374406\|issn=0093-691X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Marrie\|first1=T. J.\|last2=Peeling\|first2=R. W.\|last3=Reid\|first3=T.\|last4=Carolis\|first4=E. De\|last5=Investigators\|first5=the Canadian Community-Acquired Pneumonia\|date=2003-05-01\|title=Chlamydia species as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia in Canada\|url=https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/21/5/779\|journal=European Respiratory Journal\|language=en\|volume=21\|issue=5\|pages=779–784\|doi=10.1183/09031936.03.00095403\|issn=0903-1936\|pmid=12765420\|s2cid=7828355\|doi-access=free}}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==
Line 29:		Line 29:

	==Further reading==		==Further reading==
	* {{cite journal\|last1=Polkinghorne\|first1=Adam\|last2=Bachmann\|first2=Nathan L\|last3=Fraser\|first3=Tamieka A\|last4=Bertelli\|first4=Claire\|last5=Jelocnik\|first5=Martina\|last6=Gillett\|first6=Amber\|last7=Funnell\|first7=Oliver\|last8=Flanagan\|first8=Cheyne\|last9=Myers\|first9=Garry S A\|last10=Timms\|first10=Peter\|title=Comparative genomics of koala, cattle and sheep strains of Chlamydia pecorum\|journal=BMC Genomics\|date=8 August 2014\|volume=15\|issue=1\|page=667\|doi=10.1186/1471-2164-15-667\|pmid=25106440\|pmc=4137089}}		* {{cite journal\|last1=Polkinghorne\|first1=Adam\|last2=Bachmann\|first2=Nathan L\|last3=Fraser\|first3=Tamieka A\|last4=Bertelli\|first4=Claire\|last5=Jelocnik\|first5=Martina\|last6=Gillett\|first6=Amber\|last7=Funnell\|first7=Oliver\|last8=Flanagan\|first8=Cheyne\|last9=Myers\|first9=Garry S A\|last10=Timms\|first10=Peter\|title=Comparative genomics of koala, cattle and sheep strains of Chlamydia pecorum\|journal=BMC Genomics\|date=8 August 2014\|volume=15\|issue=1\|page=667\|doi=10.1186/1471-2164-15-667\|pmid=25106440\|pmc=4137089 \|doi-access=free }}
	*{{cite journal\|last1=Mohamad\|first1=Khalil\|last2=Rodolakis\|first2=Annie\|title=Recent advances in the understanding of Chlamydophila pecorum infections, sixteen years after it was named as the fourth species of the Chlamydiaceae family\|journal= Veterinary Research\|date=8 December 2009\|volume=41\|issue=3\|doi=10.1051/vetres/2009075\|pmid=19995513\|pmc=2820232\|url=http://www.vetres.org/articles/vetres/pdf/2010/03/v09491.pdf\|accessdate=11 November 2014\|pages=27}}		*{{cite journal\|last1=Mohamad\|first1=Khalil\|last2=Rodolakis\|first2=Annie\|title=Recent advances in the understanding of Chlamydophila pecorum infections, sixteen years after it was named as the fourth species of the Chlamydiaceae family\|journal= Veterinary Research\|date=8 December 2009\|volume=41\|issue=3\|doi=10.1051/vetres/2009075\|pmid=19995513\|pmc=2820232\|url=http://www.vetres.org/articles/vetres/pdf/2010/03/v09491.pdf\|accessdate=11 November 2014\|pages=27}}
	*{{cite journal\|last1=Mathew\|first1=Marina\|last2=Waugh\|first2=Courtney\|last3=Beagley\|first3=Kenneth\|last4=Timms\|first4=Peter\|last5=Polkinghornea\|first5=Adam\|title=Interleukin 17A is an immune marker for chlamydial disease severity and pathogenesis in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)\|journal=Developmental and Comparative Immunology\|date=October 2014\|volume=46\|issue=2\|pages=423–429\|doi=10.1016/j.dci.2014.05.015\|pmid=24915607}}		*{{cite journal\|last1=Mathew\|first1=Marina\|last2=Waugh\|first2=Courtney\|last3=Beagley\|first3=Kenneth\|last4=Timms\|first4=Peter\|last5=Polkinghornea\|first5=Adam\|title=Interleukin 17A is an immune marker for chlamydial disease severity and pathogenesis in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)\|journal=Developmental and Comparative Immunology\|date=October 2014\|volume=46\|issue=2\|pages=423–429\|doi=10.1016/j.dci.2014.05.015\|pmid=24915607}}

Revision as of 16:12, 10 September 2023

Species of bacterium

Chlamydia pecorum
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Chlamydiota
Class:	Chlamydiia
Order:	Chlamydiales
Family:	Chlamydiaceae
Genus:	Chlamydia
Species:	C. pecorum
Binomial name
*Chlamydia pecorum* Fukushi & Hirai 1992
Synonyms
Chlamydophila pecora corrig. (Fukushi & Hirai 1992) Everett et al. 1999

Chlamydia pecorum, also known as Chlamydophila pecorum is a species of Chlamydiaceae that originated from ruminants, such as cattle, sheep and goats. It has also infected koalas and swine. C. pecorum strains are serologically and pathogenically diverse.

In the koalas, C. pecorum causes infections in the reproductive systems and urinary tract, as well as pneumonia, infertility, and death. It is considered one of the most important infectious diseases that currently plagues koalas. C.pecorum is the most common chlamydial species to infect koalas and is the most pathogenic. In other animals, C. pecorum has been associated with abortion, conjunctivitis, encephalomyelitis, enteritis, arthritis, and polyarthritis.

References

Everett, K. D. E.; Bush, R. M.; Andersen, A. A. (1999). "Emended description of the order Chlamydiales, proposal of Parachlamydiaceae fam. nov. and Simkaniaceae fam. nov., each containing one monotypic genus, revised taxonomy of the family Chlamydiaceae, including a new genus and five new species, and standards for the identification of organisms". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 49 (2): 415–440. doi:10.1099/00207713-49-2-415. ISSN 0020-7713. PMID 10319462.
Fukushi, H.; Hirai, K. (1992). "Proposal of Chlamydia Pecorum sp. nov. for Chlamydia Strains Derived from Ruminants". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 42 (2): 306–308. doi:10.1099/00207713-42-2-306. ISSN 0020-7713. PMID 1581191.
Mojica, S.; Huot Creasy, H.; Daugherty, S.; Read, T. D.; Kim, T.; Kaltenboeck, B.; Bavoil, P.; Myers, G. S. A. (2011). "Genome Sequence of the Obligate Intracellular Animal Pathogen Chlamydia pecorum E58". Journal of Bacteriology. 193 (14): 3690. doi:10.1128/JB.00454-11. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 3133325. PMID 21571992.
Fukushi, Hideto; Hirai, Katsuya (1992). "Proposal of Chlamydia Pecorum sp. nov. for Chlamydia Strains Derived from Ruminants". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 42 (2): 306–308. doi:10.1099/00207713-42-2-306. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 1581191.
Mojica, Sergio; Creasy, Heather Huot; Daugherty, Sean; Read, Timothy D.; Kim, Teayoun; Kaltenboeck, Bernhard; Bavoil, Patrik; Myers, Garry S. A. (2011-07-15). "Genome Sequence of the Obligate Intracellular Animal Pathogen Chlamydia pecorum E58". Journal of Bacteriology. 193 (14): 3690. doi:10.1128/JB.00454-11. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 3133325. PMID 21571992.
Berthold, Emma (2018-02-14). "Did koalas catch killer Chlamydia from sheep?". Curious. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
Mackie, J. T.; Gillett, A. K.; Palmieri, C.; Feng, T.; Higgins, D. P. (2016-11-01). "Pneumonia due to Chlamydia pecorum in a Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)". Journal of Comparative Pathology. 155 (4): 356–360. doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.07.011. ISSN 0021-9975. PMID 27567271.
Griffith, JE; Higgins, DP (November 2012). "Diagnosis, treatment and outcomes for koala chlamydiosis at a rehabilitation facility (1995-2005)". Australian Veterinary Journal. 90 (11): 457–463. doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2012.00963.x. PMID 23106328.
Govendir, M.; Hanger, J.; Loader, J. J.; Kimble, B.; Griffith, J. E.; Black, L. A.; Krockenberger, M. B.; Higgins, D. P. (April 2012). "Plasma concentrations of chloramphenicol after subcutaneous administration to koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) with chlamydiosis". Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 35 (2): 147–154. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01307.x. PMID 21569052.
Burach, Fabienne; Pospischil, Andreas; Hanger, Jon; Loader, Jo; Pillonel, Trestan; Greub, Gilbert; Borel, Nicole (2014-08-06). "Chlamydiaceae and Chlamydia-like organisms in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)--organ distribution and histopathological findings" (PDF). Veterinary Microbiology. 172 (1–2): 230–240. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.04.022. ISSN 1873-2542. PMID 24888862. S2CID 9948808.
Polkinghorne, Adam; Hanger, Jon; Timms, Peter (August 2013). "Recent advances in understanding the biology, epidemiology and control of chlamydial infections in koalas". Veterinary Microbiology. 165 (3–4): 214–223. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.02.026. PMID 23523170.
Yang, Rongchang; Jacobson, Caroline; Gardner, Graham; Carmichael, Ian; Campbell, Angus J. D.; Ryan, Una (2014-09-01). "Longitudinal prevalence and faecal shedding of Chlamydia pecorum in sheep". The Veterinary Journal. 201 (3): 322–326. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.05.037. ISSN 1090-0233. PMID 24954870.
Walker, Evelyn; Moore, Cecily; Shearer, Patrick; Jelocnik, Martina; Bommana, Sankhya; Timms, Peter; Polkinghorne, Adam (2016-09-08). "Clinical, diagnostic and pathologic features of presumptive cases of Chlamydia pecorum-associated arthritis in Australian sheep flocks". BMC Veterinary Research. 12 (1): 193. doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0832-3. ISSN 1746-6148. PMC 5017062. PMID 27608808.
Polkinghorne, A.; Borel, N.; Becker, A.; Lu, Z. H.; Zimmermann, D. R.; Brugnera, E.; Pospischil, A.; Vaughan, L. (2009-03-16). "Molecular evidence for chlamydial infections in the eyes of sheep". Veterinary Microbiology. Special Issue: Chlamydioses. 135 (1): 142–146. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.09.034. ISSN 0378-1135. PMID 18945556.
Berri, Mustapha; Rekiki, Abdessalem; Boumedine, Karim Sidi; Rodolakis, Annie (2009-07-01). "Simultaneous differential detection of Chlamydophila abortus, Chlamydophila pecorum and Coxiella burnetii from aborted ruminant's clinical samples using multiplex PCR". BMC Microbiology. 9 (1): 130. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-9-130. ISSN 1471-2180. PMC 2725139. PMID 19570194.
Schiller, Irene; Koesters, Robert; Weilenmann, Roseline; Thoma, Rudolf; Kaltenboeck, Bernhard; Heitz, Philipp; Pospischil, Andreas (1997-11-01). "Mixed infections with porcine Chlamydia trachomatis/pecorum and infections with ruminant Chlamydia psittaci serovar 1 associated with abortions in swine". Veterinary Microbiology. 58 (2): 251–260. doi:10.1016/S0378-1135(97)00154-5. ISSN 0378-1135. PMID 9453135.
Greco, G.; Corrente, M.; Buonavoglia, D.; Campanile, G.; Di Palo, R.; Martella, V.; Bellacicco, A. L.; D’Abramo, M.; Buonavoglia, C. (2008-06-01). "Epizootic abortion related to infections by Chlamydophila abortus and Chlamydophila pecorum in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)". Theriogenology. 69 (9): 1061–1069. doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.01.018. ISSN 0093-691X. PMID 18374406.
Marrie, T. J.; Peeling, R. W.; Reid, T.; Carolis, E. De; Investigators, the Canadian Community-Acquired Pneumonia (2003-05-01). "Chlamydia species as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia in Canada". European Respiratory Journal. 21 (5): 779–784. doi:10.1183/09031936.03.00095403. ISSN 0903-1936. PMID 12765420. S2CID 7828355.

External links

Prokaryotes: Bacteria classification

(major groups

Terrabacteria
BV1, BV3, BV5

others	Actinomycetota Acidimicrobiia Actinomycetia "Aquicultoria" Coriobacteriia "Geothermincolia" "Humimicrobiia" Rubrobacteria Thermoleophilia "Bipolaricaulota" "Bipolaricaulia" Chloroflexota "Caldilineia" Chloroflexia Dehalococcoidia Ktedonobacteria "Limnocylindria" Deinococcota "Deinococcia" "Dormiibacterota" "Dormibacteria" Armatimonadota "Abditibacteriia" Armatimonadia Chthonomonadia Fimbriimonadia "Heboniibacteriia" "Zipacnadia" "Eremiobacterota" "Eudoremicrobiia" "Xenobiia" "Eremiobacteria"
Cyanoprokaryota	Cyanobacteriota Cyanobacteria "Sericytochromatia" "Vampirovibrionophyceae" "Margulisiibacteriota" "Marinamargulisbacteria" "Riflemargulisbacteria" "Saganbacteria" "Termititenacia"
Firmicutes BV3 Low GC	Bacillota "Bacillia" Bacillota A "Clostridiia" "Thermoanaerobacteria" "Thermosediminibacteria" Bacillota D "Dethiobacteria" "Natranaerobiia" "Proteinivoracia" Bacillota E "Sulfobacillia" "Symbiobacteriia" "Thermaerobacteria" Bacillota G "Hydrogenisporia" Limnochordia "Desulfotomaculota" "Carboxydocellia" "Carboxydothermia" "Dehalobacteriia" "Desulfitobacteriia" "Desulfotomaculia" "Moorellia" "Peptococcia" "Syntrophomonadia" "Thermincolia" "Halanaerobiaeota" "Halanaerobiia" "Selenobacteria" "Selenomonadia"

CPR group

"Elulota"
- "Elulimicrobia"
"Patescibacteria"
- ABY1
- "Absconditabacteria"
- "Andersenbacteria"
- "Berkelbacteria"
- "Dojkabacteria"
- "Doudnabacteria"
- "Gracilibacteria"
- "Howlettbacteria"
- "Katanobacteria"
- "Kazanbacteria"
- "Microgenomatia"
- "Paceibacteria"
- "Saccharimonadia"
- "Torokbacteria"
- "Wirthbacteria"

Thermotogida

Synergistetes	Atribacterota Atribacteria Synergistota Synergistia
Thermocalda	Caldisericota Caldisericia Coprothermobacterota Coprothermobacteria Dictyoglomerota Dictyoglomeria "Lithacetigenota" "Lithacetigenia" "Thermodesulfobiota" "Thermodesulfobiia" Thermotogota "Thermotogia"

Fusobacterida

Fusobacteriota
- Fusobacteriia
"Macinerneyibacteriota"
- "Macinerneyibacteriia"
"Muiribacteriota"
- "Muiribacteriia"
"Rifleibacteriota"
- "Ozemibacteria"
"Walliibacteriota"

Hydrobacteria
BV2, BV4

Clade 1

"Aerophobota"
- "Aerophobia"
"Auribacterota"
- "Ancaeobacteria"
- "Auribacteria"
- "Erginobacteria"
- "Tritonobacteria"
"Desantisiibacteriota"
Elusimicrobiota
- Elusimicrobiia
- Endomicrobiia
"Firestoneibacteriota"
"Goldiibacteriota"
"Omnitrophota"
- "Omnitrophia"
- "Velamenicoccia"
"Ratteibacteriota"

Clade 2

"Abyssubacteria"
"Hinthialibacterota"
- "Hinthialibacteria"
"Hydrogenedentota"
- "Hydrogenedentia"
"Poribacteriota"
"Saltatorellota"
- "Saltatorellae"
"Sumerlaeota"
- "Sumerlaeia"

Spirochaeto
bacteriobiontes

"Babelota"
- "Babeliae"
"Lindowiibacteriota"
Spirochaetota
- "Brevinematia"
- "Brachyspirae"
- "Exilispiria"
- "Leptospiria"
- "Spirochaetia"

PVC group
(Planctobacteria)

Chlamydiota
- Chlamydiia
Planctomycetota
- "Brocadiia"
- Phycisphaeria
- Planctomycetia
- "Uabimicrobiia"
Verrucomicrobiota
- Kiritimatiellia
- Lentisphaeria
- Verrucomicrobiia

FCB group
(Sphingobacteria)

Bacteroidota
- Bacteroidia
- Chlorobiia
- "Ignavibacteriia"
- "Kapabacteria"
- "Kryptoniia"
- Rhodothermia
Calditrichota
- Calditrichia
"Cloacimonadota"
- "Cloacimonadia"
"Coatesiibacteriota"
"Cosmopoliota"
- "Cosmopolitia"
"Delongiibacteriota"
"Edwardsiibacteriota"
"Eiseniibacteriota"
"Electryoneota"
- "Electryoneia"
- "Tariuqbacteria"
"Fermentibacterota"
- "Fermentibacteria"
Fibrobacterota
- Chitinivibrionia
- Fibrobacteria
- "Raymondbacteriia"
Gemmatimonadota
- Gemmatimonadia
- "Glassbacteria"
"Heilongiota"
- "Heilongiia"
"Hydrothermota"
- "Hydrothermia"
- "Stahlbacteria"
"Krumholzibacteriota"
- "Krumholzibacteriia"
"Latescibacterota"
- "Handelsmanbacteria"
- "Latescibacteria"
"Neomarinimicrobiota"
"Marinisomatota"
- "Marinisomatia"
"Tianyaibacteriota"
"Zixiibacteriota"

Proteobacteria
BV2

Aquificida	"Acidulodesulfobacteriota" "Acidulodesulfobacteriia" Aquificota Aquificia "Desulfurobacteriia" Campylobacterota "Campylobacteria" Desulfurellia "Calescibacteriota" "Calescibacteriia" Chrysiogenota Chrysiogenia "Dadaibacteriota" "Dadabacteria" Deferribacterota "Deferribacteria" Desulfobacterota G Syntrophorhabdia "Thermosulfidibacterota" "Thermosulfidibacteria"
Deltaproteobacteria	Bdellovibrionota Bacteriovoracia Bdellovibrionia Oligoflexia "Binatota" "Binatia" "Deferrimicrobiota" "Anaeroferrophilia" "Deferrimicrobiia" "Deferrisomatota" Deferrisomatia "Desulfuromonadota" Desulfuromonadia "Lernaellota" "Lernaellia" "Methylomirabilota" "Methylomirabilia" "Moduliflexota" "Moduliflexia" Myxococcota Myxococcia "Bradymonadia" Polyangiia Nitrospinota Nitrospinia Nitrospirota Nitrospiria "Thermodesulfovibrionia" SAR324 "Lambdaproteobacteria" "Schekmaniibacteriota" "Tectimicrobiota" "Entotheonellia" "Thermodesulfobacteriota"
others	Acidobacteriota "Acidobacteriia" "Aminicenantia" Blastocatellia "Fischerbacteria" "Guanabaribacteriia" "Holophagia" "Polarisedimenticolia" Thermoanaerobaculia Vicinamibacteria "Canglongiota" "Canglongiia" "Leptospirillaeota" "Leptospirillia" Pseudomonadota "Caulobacteria" "Mariprofundia" "Magnetococcia" "Pseudomonadia"

others

Source: Bergey's Manual (2001–2012)
Alternative views: Wikispecies

Taxon identifiers
Chlamydophila pecorum	Wikidata: Q5102722 BacDive: 130242 CoL: 69X48 EoL: 974053 GBIF: 3228243 IRMNG: 10909362 ISC: 89298 ITIS: 960466 LPSN: chlamydophila-pecorum Open Tree of Life: 910747

Category:

Chlamydiota

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Line 19:		Line 19:
	'''''Chlamydia pecorum''''', also known as '''Chlamydophila pecorum'''<ref name="FukushiHirai1992">{{cite journal\|last1=Fukushi\|first1=H.\|last2=Hirai\|first2=K.\|title=Proposal of Chlamydia Pecorum sp. nov. for Chlamydia Strains Derived from Ruminants\|journal=International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology\|volume=42\|issue=2\|year=1992\|pages=306–308\|issn=0020-7713\|doi=10.1099/00207713-42-2-306\|pmid=1581191\|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="MojicaHuot Creasy2011">{{cite journal\|last1=Mojica\|first1=S.\|last2=Huot Creasy\|first2=H.\|last3=Daugherty\|first3=S.\|last4=Read\|first4=T. D.\|last5=Kim\|first5=T.\|last6=Kaltenboeck\|first6=B.\|last7=Bavoil\|first7=P.\|last8=Myers\|first8=G. S. A.\|title=Genome Sequence of the Obligate Intracellular Animal Pathogen Chlamydia pecorum E58\|journal=Journal of Bacteriology\|volume=193\|issue=14\|year=2011\|pages=3690\|issn=0021-9193\|doi=10.1128/JB.00454-11\|pmid=21571992\|pmc=3133325}}</ref> is a species of ] that originated from ], such as ], ] and ].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Fukushi\|first1=Hideto\|last2=Hirai\|first2=Katsuya\|date=1992\|title=Proposal of Chlamydia Pecorum sp. nov. for Chlamydia Strains Derived from Ruminants\|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology\|volume=42\|issue=2\|pages=306–308\|doi=10.1099/00207713-42-2-306\|pmid=1581191\|issn=1466-5026\|doi-access=free}}</ref> It has also infected ] and ].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Mojica\|first1=Sergio\|last2=Creasy\|first2=Heather Huot\|last3=Daugherty\|first3=Sean\|last4=Read\|first4=Timothy D.\|last5=Kim\|first5=Teayoun\|last6=Kaltenboeck\|first6=Bernhard\|last7=Bavoil\|first7=Patrik\|last8=Myers\|first8=Garry S. A.\|date=2011-07-15\|title=Genome Sequence of the Obligate Intracellular Animal Pathogen Chlamydia pecorum E58\|journal=Journal of Bacteriology\|language=en\|volume=193\|issue=14\|pages=3690\|doi=10.1128/JB.00454-11\|issn=0021-9193\|pmid=21571992\|pmc=3133325\|doi-access=free}}</ref> ''C. pecorum'' strains are serologically and pathogenically diverse.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Berthold\|first=Emma\|date=2018-02-14\|title=Did koalas catch killer Chlamydia from sheep?\|url=https://www.science.org.au/curious/earth-environment/did-koalas-catch-killer-chlamydia-sheep\|access-date=2021-04-28\|website=Curious\|language=en}}</ref>		'''''Chlamydia pecorum''''', also known as '''Chlamydophila pecorum'''<ref name="FukushiHirai1992">{{cite journal\|last1=Fukushi\|first1=H.\|last2=Hirai\|first2=K.\|title=Proposal of Chlamydia Pecorum sp. nov. for Chlamydia Strains Derived from Ruminants\|journal=International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology\|volume=42\|issue=2\|year=1992\|pages=306–308\|issn=0020-7713\|doi=10.1099/00207713-42-2-306\|pmid=1581191\|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="MojicaHuot Creasy2011">{{cite journal\|last1=Mojica\|first1=S.\|last2=Huot Creasy\|first2=H.\|last3=Daugherty\|first3=S.\|last4=Read\|first4=T. D.\|last5=Kim\|first5=T.\|last6=Kaltenboeck\|first6=B.\|last7=Bavoil\|first7=P.\|last8=Myers\|first8=G. S. A.\|title=Genome Sequence of the Obligate Intracellular Animal Pathogen Chlamydia pecorum E58\|journal=Journal of Bacteriology\|volume=193\|issue=14\|year=2011\|pages=3690\|issn=0021-9193\|doi=10.1128/JB.00454-11\|pmid=21571992\|pmc=3133325}}</ref> is a species of ] that originated from ], such as ], ] and ].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Fukushi\|first1=Hideto\|last2=Hirai\|first2=Katsuya\|date=1992\|title=Proposal of Chlamydia Pecorum sp. nov. for Chlamydia Strains Derived from Ruminants\|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology\|volume=42\|issue=2\|pages=306–308\|doi=10.1099/00207713-42-2-306\|pmid=1581191\|issn=1466-5026\|doi-access=free}}</ref> It has also infected ] and ].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Mojica\|first1=Sergio\|last2=Creasy\|first2=Heather Huot\|last3=Daugherty\|first3=Sean\|last4=Read\|first4=Timothy D.\|last5=Kim\|first5=Teayoun\|last6=Kaltenboeck\|first6=Bernhard\|last7=Bavoil\|first7=Patrik\|last8=Myers\|first8=Garry S. A.\|date=2011-07-15\|title=Genome Sequence of the Obligate Intracellular Animal Pathogen Chlamydia pecorum E58\|journal=Journal of Bacteriology\|language=en\|volume=193\|issue=14\|pages=3690\|doi=10.1128/JB.00454-11\|issn=0021-9193\|pmid=21571992\|pmc=3133325\|doi-access=free}}</ref> ''C. pecorum'' strains are serologically and pathogenically diverse.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Berthold\|first=Emma\|date=2018-02-14\|title=Did koalas catch killer Chlamydia from sheep?\|url=https://www.science.org.au/curious/earth-environment/did-koalas-catch-killer-chlamydia-sheep\|access-date=2021-04-28\|website=Curious\|language=en}}</ref>

	In the koalas, ''C. pecorum'' causes infections in the reproductive systems and ], as well as ], ], and ].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Mackie\|first1=J. T.\|last2=Gillett\|first2=A. K.\|last3=Palmieri\|first3=C.\|last4=Feng\|first4=T.\|last5=Higgins\|first5=D. P.\|date=2016-11-01\|title=Pneumonia due to Chlamydia pecorum in a Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)\|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021997516301013\|journal=Journal of Comparative Pathology\|language=en\|volume=155\|issue=4\|pages=356–360\|doi=10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.07.011\|issn=0021-9975\|pmid=27567271}}</ref> It is considered one of the most important infectious diseases that currently plagues koalas.<ref>{{cite journal\|last1=Griffith\|first1=JE\|last2=Higgins\|first2=DP\|date=November 2012\|title=Diagnosis, treatment and outcomes for koala chlamydiosis at a rehabilitation facility (1995-2005)\|journal=Australian Veterinary Journal\|volume=90\|issue=11\|pages=457–463\|doi=10.1111/j.1751-0813.2012.00963.x\|pmid=23106328}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|last1=Govendir\|first1=M.\|last2=Hanger\|first2=J.\|last3=Loader\|first3=J. J.\|last4=Kimble\|first4=B.\|last5=Griffith\|first5=J. E.\|last6=Black\|first6=L. A.\|last7=Krockenberger\|first7=M. B.\|last8=Higgins\|first8=D. P.\|title=Plasma concentrations of chloramphenicol after subcutaneous administration to koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) with chlamydiosis\|journal=Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics\|date=April 2012\|volume=35\|issue=2\|pages=147–154\|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01307.x\|pmid=21569052}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Burach\|first1=Fabienne\|last2=Pospischil\|first2=Andreas\|last3=Hanger\|first3=Jon\|last4=Loader\|first4=Jo\|last5=Pillonel\|first5=Trestan\|last6=Greub\|first6=Gilbert\|last7=Borel\|first7=Nicole\|date=2014-08-06\|title=Chlamydiaceae and Chlamydia-like organisms in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)--organ distribution and histopathological findings\|url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/97894/1/VETMIC-D-14-9323.pdf\|journal=Veterinary Microbiology\|volume=172\|issue=1–2\|pages=230–240\|doi=10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.04.022\|issn=1873-2542\|pmid=24888862\|s2cid=9948808 }}</ref> C.pecorum is the most common chlamydial species to infect koalas and is the most pathogenic.<ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Polkinghorne \|first1=Adam \|last2=Hanger \|first2=Jon \|last3=Timms \|first3=Peter \|author-link3=Peter Timms (conservationist) \|date=August 2013 \|title=Recent advances in understanding the biology, epidemiology and control of chlamydial infections in koalas \|journal=Veterinary Microbiology \|volume=165 \|issue=3–4 \|pages=214–223 \|doi=10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.02.026 \|pmid=23523170}}</ref> In other animals, ''C. pecorum'' has been associated with ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Yang\|first1=Rongchang\|last2=Jacobson\|first2=Caroline\|last3=Gardner\|first3=Graham\|last4=Carmichael\|first4=Ian\|last5=Campbell\|first5=Angus J. D.\|last6=Ryan\|first6=Una\|date=2014-09-01\|title=Longitudinal prevalence and faecal shedding of Chlamydia pecorum in sheep\|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023314002342\|journal=The Veterinary Journal\|language=en\|volume=201\|issue=3\|pages=322–326\|doi=10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.05.037\|pmid=24954870\|issn=1090-0233}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Walker\|first1=Evelyn\|last2=Moore\|first2=Cecily\|last3=Shearer\|first3=Patrick\|last4=Jelocnik\|first4=Martina\|last5=Bommana\|first5=Sankhya\|last6=Timms\|first6=Peter\|last7=Polkinghorne\|first7=Adam\|date=2016-09-08\|title=Clinical, diagnostic and pathologic features of presumptive cases of Chlamydia pecorum-associated arthritis in Australian sheep flocks\|url= \|journal=BMC Veterinary Research\|language=en\|volume=12\|issue=1\|pages=193\|doi=10.1186/s12917-016-0832-3\|issn=1746-6148\|pmc=5017062\|pmid=27608808}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Polkinghorne\|first1=A.\|last2=Borel\|first2=N.\|last3=Becker\|first3=A.\|last4=Lu\|first4=Z. H.\|last5=Zimmermann\|first5=D. R.\|last6=Brugnera\|first6=E.\|last7=Pospischil\|first7=A.\|last8=Vaughan\|first8=L.\|date=2009-03-16\|title=Molecular evidence for chlamydial infections in the eyes of sheep\|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037811350800401X\|journal=Veterinary Microbiology\|series=Special Issue: Chlamydioses\|language=en\|volume=135\|issue=1\|pages=142–146\|doi=10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.09.034\|pmid=18945556\|issn=0378-1135}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Berri\|first1=Mustapha\|last2=Rekiki\|first2=Abdessalem\|last3=Boumedine\|first3=Karim Sidi\|last4=Rodolakis\|first4=Annie\|date=2009-07-01\|title=Simultaneous differential detection of Chlamydophila abortus, Chlamydophila pecorum and Coxiella burnetii from aborted ruminant's clinical samples using multiplex PCR\|url= \|journal=BMC Microbiology\|language=en\|volume=9\|issue=1\|pages=130\|doi=10.1186/1471-2180-9-130\|issn=1471-2180\|pmc=2725139\|pmid=19570194}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Schiller\|first1=Irene\|last2=Koesters\|first2=Robert\|last3=Weilenmann\|first3=Roseline\|last4=Thoma\|first4=Rudolf\|last5=Kaltenboeck\|first5=Bernhard\|last6=Heitz\|first6=Philipp\|last7=Pospischil\|first7=Andreas\|date=1997-11-01\|title=Mixed infections with porcine Chlamydia trachomatis/pecorum and infections with ruminant Chlamydia psittaci serovar 1 associated with abortions in swine\|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378113597001545\|journal=Veterinary Microbiology\|language=en\|volume=58\|issue=2\|pages=251–260\|doi=10.1016/S0378-1135(97)00154-5\|pmid=9453135\|issn=0378-1135}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Greco\|first1=G.\|last2=Corrente\|first2=M.\|last3=Buonavoglia\|first3=D.\|last4=Campanile\|first4=G.\|last5=Di Palo\|first5=R.\|last6=Martella\|first6=V.\|last7=Bellacicco\|first7=A. L.\|last8=D’Abramo\|first8=M.\|last9=Buonavoglia\|first9=C.\|date=2008-06-01\|title=Epizootic abortion related to infections by Chlamydophila abortus and Chlamydophila pecorum in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)\|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0093691X08000629\|journal=Theriogenology\|language=en\|volume=69\|issue=9\|pages=1061–1069\|doi=10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.01.018\|pmid=18374406\|issn=0093-691X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Marrie\|first1=T. J.\|last2=Peeling\|first2=R. W.\|last3=Reid\|first3=T.\|last4=Carolis\|first4=E. De\|last5=Investigators\|first5=the Canadian Community-Acquired Pneumonia\|date=2003-05-01\|title=Chlamydia species as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia in Canada\|url=https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/21/5/779\|journal=European Respiratory Journal\|language=en\|volume=21\|issue=5\|pages=779–784\|doi=10.1183/09031936.03.00095403\|issn=0903-1936\|pmid=12765420\|s2cid=7828355\|doi-access=free}}</ref>		In the koalas, ''C. pecorum'' causes infections in the reproductive systems and ], as well as ], ], and ].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Mackie\|first1=J. T.\|last2=Gillett\|first2=A. K.\|last3=Palmieri\|first3=C.\|last4=Feng\|first4=T.\|last5=Higgins\|first5=D. P.\|date=2016-11-01\|title=Pneumonia due to Chlamydia pecorum in a Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)\|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021997516301013\|journal=Journal of Comparative Pathology\|language=en\|volume=155\|issue=4\|pages=356–360\|doi=10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.07.011\|issn=0021-9975\|pmid=27567271}}</ref> It is considered one of the most important infectious diseases that currently plagues koalas.<ref>{{cite journal\|last1=Griffith\|first1=JE\|last2=Higgins\|first2=DP\|date=November 2012\|title=Diagnosis, treatment and outcomes for koala chlamydiosis at a rehabilitation facility (1995-2005)\|journal=Australian Veterinary Journal\|volume=90\|issue=11\|pages=457–463\|doi=10.1111/j.1751-0813.2012.00963.x\|pmid=23106328}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|last1=Govendir\|first1=M.\|last2=Hanger\|first2=J.\|last3=Loader\|first3=J. J.\|last4=Kimble\|first4=B.\|last5=Griffith\|first5=J. E.\|last6=Black\|first6=L. A.\|last7=Krockenberger\|first7=M. B.\|last8=Higgins\|first8=D. P.\|title=Plasma concentrations of chloramphenicol after subcutaneous administration to koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) with chlamydiosis\|journal=Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics\|date=April 2012\|volume=35\|issue=2\|pages=147–154\|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01307.x\|pmid=21569052}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Burach\|first1=Fabienne\|last2=Pospischil\|first2=Andreas\|last3=Hanger\|first3=Jon\|last4=Loader\|first4=Jo\|last5=Pillonel\|first5=Trestan\|last6=Greub\|first6=Gilbert\|last7=Borel\|first7=Nicole\|date=2014-08-06\|title=Chlamydiaceae and Chlamydia-like organisms in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)--organ distribution and histopathological findings\|url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/97894/1/VETMIC-D-14-9323.pdf\|journal=Veterinary Microbiology\|volume=172\|issue=1–2\|pages=230–240\|doi=10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.04.022\|issn=1873-2542\|pmid=24888862\|s2cid=9948808 }}</ref> C.pecorum is the most common chlamydial species to infect koalas and is the most pathogenic.<ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Polkinghorne \|first1=Adam \|last2=Hanger \|first2=Jon \|last3=Timms \|first3=Peter \|author-link3=Peter Timms (conservationist) \|date=August 2013 \|title=Recent advances in understanding the biology, epidemiology and control of chlamydial infections in koalas \|journal=Veterinary Microbiology \|volume=165 \|issue=3–4 \|pages=214–223 \|doi=10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.02.026 \|pmid=23523170}}</ref> In other animals, ''C. pecorum'' has been associated with ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Yang\|first1=Rongchang\|last2=Jacobson\|first2=Caroline\|last3=Gardner\|first3=Graham\|last4=Carmichael\|first4=Ian\|last5=Campbell\|first5=Angus J. D.\|last6=Ryan\|first6=Una\|date=2014-09-01\|title=Longitudinal prevalence and faecal shedding of Chlamydia pecorum in sheep\|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023314002342\|journal=The Veterinary Journal\|language=en\|volume=201\|issue=3\|pages=322–326\|doi=10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.05.037\|pmid=24954870\|issn=1090-0233}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Walker\|first1=Evelyn\|last2=Moore\|first2=Cecily\|last3=Shearer\|first3=Patrick\|last4=Jelocnik\|first4=Martina\|last5=Bommana\|first5=Sankhya\|last6=Timms\|first6=Peter\|last7=Polkinghorne\|first7=Adam\|date=2016-09-08\|title=Clinical, diagnostic and pathologic features of presumptive cases of Chlamydia pecorum-associated arthritis in Australian sheep flocks\|url= \|journal=BMC Veterinary Research\|language=en\|volume=12\|issue=1\|pages=193\|doi=10.1186/s12917-016-0832-3\|issn=1746-6148\|pmc=5017062\|pmid=27608808 \|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Polkinghorne\|first1=A.\|last2=Borel\|first2=N.\|last3=Becker\|first3=A.\|last4=Lu\|first4=Z. H.\|last5=Zimmermann\|first5=D. R.\|last6=Brugnera\|first6=E.\|last7=Pospischil\|first7=A.\|last8=Vaughan\|first8=L.\|date=2009-03-16\|title=Molecular evidence for chlamydial infections in the eyes of sheep\|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037811350800401X\|journal=Veterinary Microbiology\|series=Special Issue: Chlamydioses\|language=en\|volume=135\|issue=1\|pages=142–146\|doi=10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.09.034\|pmid=18945556\|issn=0378-1135}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Berri\|first1=Mustapha\|last2=Rekiki\|first2=Abdessalem\|last3=Boumedine\|first3=Karim Sidi\|last4=Rodolakis\|first4=Annie\|date=2009-07-01\|title=Simultaneous differential detection of Chlamydophila abortus, Chlamydophila pecorum and Coxiella burnetii from aborted ruminant's clinical samples using multiplex PCR\|url= \|journal=BMC Microbiology\|language=en\|volume=9\|issue=1\|pages=130\|doi=10.1186/1471-2180-9-130\|issn=1471-2180\|pmc=2725139\|pmid=19570194 \|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Schiller\|first1=Irene\|last2=Koesters\|first2=Robert\|last3=Weilenmann\|first3=Roseline\|last4=Thoma\|first4=Rudolf\|last5=Kaltenboeck\|first5=Bernhard\|last6=Heitz\|first6=Philipp\|last7=Pospischil\|first7=Andreas\|date=1997-11-01\|title=Mixed infections with porcine Chlamydia trachomatis/pecorum and infections with ruminant Chlamydia psittaci serovar 1 associated with abortions in swine\|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378113597001545\|journal=Veterinary Microbiology\|language=en\|volume=58\|issue=2\|pages=251–260\|doi=10.1016/S0378-1135(97)00154-5\|pmid=9453135\|issn=0378-1135}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Greco\|first1=G.\|last2=Corrente\|first2=M.\|last3=Buonavoglia\|first3=D.\|last4=Campanile\|first4=G.\|last5=Di Palo\|first5=R.\|last6=Martella\|first6=V.\|last7=Bellacicco\|first7=A. L.\|last8=D’Abramo\|first8=M.\|last9=Buonavoglia\|first9=C.\|date=2008-06-01\|title=Epizootic abortion related to infections by Chlamydophila abortus and Chlamydophila pecorum in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)\|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0093691X08000629\|journal=Theriogenology\|language=en\|volume=69\|issue=9\|pages=1061–1069\|doi=10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.01.018\|pmid=18374406\|issn=0093-691X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Marrie\|first1=T. J.\|last2=Peeling\|first2=R. W.\|last3=Reid\|first3=T.\|last4=Carolis\|first4=E. De\|last5=Investigators\|first5=the Canadian Community-Acquired Pneumonia\|date=2003-05-01\|title=Chlamydia species as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia in Canada\|url=https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/21/5/779\|journal=European Respiratory Journal\|language=en\|volume=21\|issue=5\|pages=779–784\|doi=10.1183/09031936.03.00095403\|issn=0903-1936\|pmid=12765420\|s2cid=7828355\|doi-access=free}}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==
Line 29:		Line 29:

	==Further reading==		==Further reading==
	* {{cite journal\|last1=Polkinghorne\|first1=Adam\|last2=Bachmann\|first2=Nathan L\|last3=Fraser\|first3=Tamieka A\|last4=Bertelli\|first4=Claire\|last5=Jelocnik\|first5=Martina\|last6=Gillett\|first6=Amber\|last7=Funnell\|first7=Oliver\|last8=Flanagan\|first8=Cheyne\|last9=Myers\|first9=Garry S A\|last10=Timms\|first10=Peter\|title=Comparative genomics of koala, cattle and sheep strains of Chlamydia pecorum\|journal=BMC Genomics\|date=8 August 2014\|volume=15\|issue=1\|page=667\|doi=10.1186/1471-2164-15-667\|pmid=25106440\|pmc=4137089}}		* {{cite journal\|last1=Polkinghorne\|first1=Adam\|last2=Bachmann\|first2=Nathan L\|last3=Fraser\|first3=Tamieka A\|last4=Bertelli\|first4=Claire\|last5=Jelocnik\|first5=Martina\|last6=Gillett\|first6=Amber\|last7=Funnell\|first7=Oliver\|last8=Flanagan\|first8=Cheyne\|last9=Myers\|first9=Garry S A\|last10=Timms\|first10=Peter\|title=Comparative genomics of koala, cattle and sheep strains of Chlamydia pecorum\|journal=BMC Genomics\|date=8 August 2014\|volume=15\|issue=1\|page=667\|doi=10.1186/1471-2164-15-667\|pmid=25106440\|pmc=4137089 \|doi-access=free }}
	*{{cite journal\|last1=Mohamad\|first1=Khalil\|last2=Rodolakis\|first2=Annie\|title=Recent advances in the understanding of Chlamydophila pecorum infections, sixteen years after it was named as the fourth species of the Chlamydiaceae family\|journal= Veterinary Research\|date=8 December 2009\|volume=41\|issue=3\|doi=10.1051/vetres/2009075\|pmid=19995513\|pmc=2820232\|url=http://www.vetres.org/articles/vetres/pdf/2010/03/v09491.pdf\|accessdate=11 November 2014\|pages=27}}		*{{cite journal\|last1=Mohamad\|first1=Khalil\|last2=Rodolakis\|first2=Annie\|title=Recent advances in the understanding of Chlamydophila pecorum infections, sixteen years after it was named as the fourth species of the Chlamydiaceae family\|journal= Veterinary Research\|date=8 December 2009\|volume=41\|issue=3\|doi=10.1051/vetres/2009075\|pmid=19995513\|pmc=2820232\|url=http://www.vetres.org/articles/vetres/pdf/2010/03/v09491.pdf\|accessdate=11 November 2014\|pages=27}}
	*{{cite journal\|last1=Mathew\|first1=Marina\|last2=Waugh\|first2=Courtney\|last3=Beagley\|first3=Kenneth\|last4=Timms\|first4=Peter\|last5=Polkinghornea\|first5=Adam\|title=Interleukin 17A is an immune marker for chlamydial disease severity and pathogenesis in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)\|journal=Developmental and Comparative Immunology\|date=October 2014\|volume=46\|issue=2\|pages=423–429\|doi=10.1016/j.dci.2014.05.015\|pmid=24915607}}		*{{cite journal\|last1=Mathew\|first1=Marina\|last2=Waugh\|first2=Courtney\|last3=Beagley\|first3=Kenneth\|last4=Timms\|first4=Peter\|last5=Polkinghornea\|first5=Adam\|title=Interleukin 17A is an immune marker for chlamydial disease severity and pathogenesis in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)\|journal=Developmental and Comparative Immunology\|date=October 2014\|volume=46\|issue=2\|pages=423–429\|doi=10.1016/j.dci.2014.05.015\|pmid=24915607}}

Revision as of 16:12, 10 September 2023

See also

References

Further reading

External links