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| '''Maria''' or '''Marusia Churai''' (1625–1653) was a mythical ] ] composer, poet, and singer. She became a recurrent motif in ] and the songs ascribed to her are widely performed in ]. | '''Maria''' or '''Marusia Churai''' (1625–1653) was a mythical ] ] composer, poet, and singer. She became a recurrent motif in ] and the songs ascribed to her are widely performed in ]. | ||
| According to the legend she was a native of ] (then in ]), and is regarded as the purported author as well as the subject of the well-known Ukrainian folk song "Oi Ne Khody Hrytsiu Tai na ]" (Oh Gregory, Don't Go to the Evening Dances) known in the West as "]". | |||
| ==Influence in literature== | ==Influence in literature== | ||
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| ] composed "Ballade d'Ukraine," a piano piece on the theme of commonly associated with the "Hryts" text. {{cn}} | ] composed "Ballade d'Ukraine," a piano piece on the theme of commonly associated with the "Hryts" text. {{cn}} | ||
| The song "Oi Ne Khody Hrytsiu" was translated into Polish (1820), Czech (1822), German (1827), French (1830), English (1848) and other languages. However its melody is not of folk origin. It was first documented use was as an arietta from a ] by a ] composer ]. | The song "Oi Ne Khody Hrytsiu" was translated into Polish (1820), Czech (1822), German (1827), French (1830), English (1848) and other languages. However its melody is not of folk origin. It was first documented use was as an ] from a ] by a ] composer ]. | ||
| The melody was used in ], a 1941 song by ]. | The melody was used in ], a 1941 song by ]. | ||
| Three other song texts that are ascribed to Marusia Churai: "Kotylysia Vozy z Hory" (The Wagons Were Rolling Downhill), "Viyut' Vitry" (Winds Are Blowing) and "Za Svit Staly Kozachenky" (The Kozaks Were Ready to March at Dawn). While the texts of these songs are of literary origin, their music is from oral tradition. All the melodies that are attached to these texts date from the late |
Three other song texts that are ascribed to Marusia Churai: "Kotylysia Vozy z Hory" (The Wagons Were Rolling Downhill), "Viyut' Vitry" (Winds Are Blowing) and "Za Svit Staly Kozachenky" (The Kozaks Were Ready to March at Dawn). While the texts of these songs are of literary origin, their music is anonymous, from oral tradition. All the melodies that are attached to these texts date from the late 19th century. | ||
| The text of the Ukrainian folk song "Oi ne khody Hrytsiu" was first published in English translation in London in 1816. A Polish translation first appeared in 1822 in Lviv and a German translation appeared in 1848. Evidence exists to the songs popularity in France (1830s), Czech, Slovak lands, Belgium and the United States where it equally well known was the song "Ikhav kozak za Dunai" (the Cossack rode beyond the Danube; music and words by Semen Klymovsky). | The text of the Ukrainian folk song "Oi ne khody Hrytsiu" was first published in English translation in London in 1816. A Polish translation first appeared in 1822 in Lviv and a German translation appeared in 1848. Evidence exists to the songs popularity in France (1830s), Czech, Slovak lands, Belgium and the United States where it equally well known was the song "Ikhav kozak za Dunai" (the Cossack rode beyond the Danube; music and words by Semen Klymovsky).{cn} | ||
| ⚫ | Marusia Churai was commemorated on a Ukrainian postage stamp in February 2000.{cn} | ||
| ==In Classical Music== | |||
| Israeli musicologist ] states that the end of the first melodic phrase of "Oi ne khody Hrytsiu" (Yes my Darling Daughter) contains a "signature" melody common in Ukrainian songs in general which he calls the "Hryts sequence" and gives a list of hundreds of Ukrainian folk songs from the Carpathians to the ] that contain this particular sequence. His estimation, after studying Z. Lysko's collection of 9,077 Ukrainian melodies was that 6% of Ukrainian folk songs contain the sequence.<ref>Yakov Soroker Ukrainian Elements in Classical Music CIUS Press, Edmonton-Toronto, 1995 p.126</ref> | |||
| Other scholars have also addressed the unique character and expressiveness of the Hryts sequence such as ], who stated that "the refrain exudes a spirit of freedom that transports the listener to the steppes and is mixed with the sorrow of some unexpected tragedy.<ref>Alexander Serov, Muzyka Ukrainskyx pesen. Izbrannii stat'i, Moscow and Leningrad 1950, Volume 1, p. 119</ref>" | |||
| Soroker states that the Hryts signature was used by composers: ] (String Quartet no. 20, op. 9, no. 2; String quartet no. 25, op. 17, no 1; The Saviour's Seven last Words on the Cross, the Rondo of the D major Piano Concerto (composed 1795), Andante and variations for piano (1793)), ] (duet no. 2), ] (Symphonia concertante K. 364), ], ], ], ] (Ballade d'Ukraine), ], ], and others.<ref>Yakov Soroker Ukrainian Elements in Classical Music CIUS Press, Edmonton-Toronto, 1995</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
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Maria or Marusia Churai (1625–1653) was a mythical Ukrainian Baroque composer, poet, and singer. She became a recurrent motif in Ukrainian literature and the songs ascribed to her are widely performed in Ukraine.
According to the legend she was a native of Poltava (then in Crown of the Kingdom of Poland), and is regarded as the purported author as well as the subject of the well-known Ukrainian folk song "Oi Ne Khody Hrytsiu Tai na Vechornytsi" (Oh Gregory, Don't Go to the Evening Dances) known in the West as "Yes, My Darling Daughter".
Influence in literature
The legend of Marusia Churai was formed under the influence of 19th century literary works such as the novel "Marusia, Malorosiiskaia Sapfo" (Marusia, the Littlerussian Sappho) by C. Shakhnovsky (1839). Many writers used the theme of "Hryts" in their works: M. Starytsky's play "Oi Ne Khody, Hrytsiu" (1892), V. Samiylenko's drama "Churaivna" (1894), Olha Kobylianska's novel "V Nediliu Rano Zillia Kopala" (She Gathered Herbs on Sunday Morning 1909), I. Mykytenko's drama "Marusia Churai" (1935), L. Kostenko's novel in verse "Marusia Churai" (1979), and others.
Influence in music
Franz Liszt composed "Ballade d'Ukraine," a piano piece on the theme of commonly associated with the "Hryts" text.
The song "Oi Ne Khody Hrytsiu" was translated into Polish (1820), Czech (1822), German (1827), French (1830), English (1848) and other languages. However its melody is not of folk origin. It was first documented use was as an arietta from a vaudeville by a Venetian composer Catterino Cavos.
The melody was used in Yes, My Darling Daughter, a 1941 song by Jack Lawrence.
Three other song texts that are ascribed to Marusia Churai: "Kotylysia Vozy z Hory" (The Wagons Were Rolling Downhill), "Viyut' Vitry" (Winds Are Blowing) and "Za Svit Staly Kozachenky" (The Kozaks Were Ready to March at Dawn). While the texts of these songs are of literary origin, their music is anonymous, from oral tradition. All the melodies that are attached to these texts date from the late 19th century. The text of the Ukrainian folk song "Oi ne khody Hrytsiu" was first published in English translation in London in 1816. A Polish translation first appeared in 1822 in Lviv and a German translation appeared in 1848. Evidence exists to the songs popularity in France (1830s), Czech, Slovak lands, Belgium and the United States where it equally well known was the song "Ikhav kozak za Dunai" (the Cossack rode beyond the Danube; music and words by Semen Klymovsky).{cn}
Marusia Churai was commemorated on a Ukrainian postage stamp in February 2000.{cn}
References
External linkis
- Marusia Churai in Encyclopedia of Ukraine (in English)