| Revision as of 04:30, 18 November 2023 editHol96 (talk | contribs)1 edit Türkçe diline çeviriyle beraber, azda olsa linklerde makaleye katkıda bulunmuş bulunmaktayım .Tags: Reverted nowiki added Visual edit Disambiguation links added← Previous edit | Revision as of 05:19, 18 November 2023 edit undoMeters (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, New page reviewers, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers172,797 edits Undid revision 1185655569 by Hol96 (talk) This is English Misplaced PagesTag: UndoNext edit → | ||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| {{Short description|Web browser}} | {{Short description|Web browser}} | ||
| {{Distinguish|Lynx (web browser)}} | |||
| {{Infobox software | {{Infobox software | ||
| | name = |
| name = Links | ||
| | logo = Links web browser logo.png | | logo = Links web browser logo.png | ||
| | screenshot = Webbrowser Links.jpg | | screenshot = Webbrowser Links.jpg | ||
| | caption = |
| caption = Screenshot of a graphical Links | ||
| | author = | | author = | ||
| | developer = Mikuláš Patočka | | developer = Mikuláš Patočka | ||
| Line 21: | Line 21: | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| Links |
'''Links''' is a ] ] and ] ] with a pull-down menu system.<ref></ref> It renders complex pages, has partial ] 4.0 support (including tables and ]<ref name="scoug">{{citation |first=Dallas |last=Legan |title=Text-Mode Web Browsers for OS/2 |url=http://www.scoug.com/os24u/2001/scoug009.textbrowsers.html |publisher=The Southern California OS/2 User Group |access-date=August 16, 2010 |date=September 2001}}</ref> and support for multiple character sets such as ]), supports color and monochrome terminals, and allows horizontal scrolling. | ||
| It is intended for users who want to retain many typical elements of graphical user interfaces (pop-up windows, menus etc.) in a text-only environment. | |||
| Grafiksel kullanıcı arayüzlerinin birçok tipik unsurunu (açılır pencereler, menüler vb.) salt metin ortamında korumak isteyen kullanıcılar için tasarlanmıştır. | |||
| The original version of Links was developed by Mikuláš Patočka in the ]. His group ''Twibright Labs'' later developed version 2 of the Links browser, which displays graphics, and renders fonts in different sizes (with ]), but no longer supports ] (it used to, up to version 2.1pre28). The resulting browser is very fast, but does not display many pages as intended. The graphical mode works even on ] systems without the ] or any other window environment, using either ] or the ] of the system's ]. | |||
| Links'in orijinal versiyonu ]'nde Mikuláš Patočka tarafından geliştirilmiştir. Twibright Labs grubu daha sonra Links tarayıcısının grafikleri görüntüleyen ve yazı tiplerini farklı boyutlarda (] ile) işleyen ancak artık ]'i desteklemeyen (2.1pre28 sürümüne kadar destekliyordu) 2. sürümünü geliştirdi. Ortaya çıkan tarayıcı çok hızlıdır, ancak birçok sayfayı amaçlandığı gibi göstermez. Grafik modu, ] veya başka bir pencere ortamı olmayan ] sistemlerinde bile ] veya sistemin ] ] kullanarak çalışır. | |||
| ==Graphics stack== | |||
| == Grafik yığını == | |||
| {{Multiple issues|section=yes|{{Tone|section|date=November 2021}} | {{Multiple issues|section=yes|{{Tone|section|date=November 2021}} | ||
| {{Original research|section|date=November 2021}} | {{Original research|section|date=November 2021}} | ||
| {{More citations|section|date=October 2023}}}} | {{More citations|section|date=October 2023}}}} | ||
| The graphics stack has several peculiarities for a web browser. The fonts displayed by Links are not derived from the system,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Links user documentation |url=http://links.twibright.com/user_en.html |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=links.twibright.com}}</ref> but compiled into binary as gray scale bitmaps using the ] (PNG) format. This allows the browser to be one executable file independent of the system libraries. However, this increases the size of the executable to about 5 MB. | |||
| Grafik yığınının bir web tarayıcısı için çeşitli özellikleri vardır. Links tarafından görüntülenen yazı tipleri sistemden türetilmez<ref>{{Cite web |title=Links user documentation |url=http://links.twibright.com/user_en.html |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=links.twibright.com}}</ref>, ancak ] (PNG) formatı kullanılarak gri ölçekli ] olarak ikili olarak derlenir. Bu, tarayıcının sistem kütüphanelerinden bağımsız tek bir çalıştırılabilir dosya olmasını sağlar. Ancak bu, çalıştırılabilir dosyanın boyutunu yaklaşık 5 MB'a çıkarır. Yazı tipleri ipucu olmadan kenar yumuşatmalıdır; küçük satır aralıkları için, okunabilirliği artırmak için yapay bir keskinleştirme kullanırlar. Alt piksel örneklemesi ] ekranlarda okunabilirliği daha da artırır. Bu, Links'in ] font kütüphanelerinin nadir olduğu zamanlarda ] fontlara sahip olmasını sağladı. | |||
| The fonts are anti-aliased without hinting; for small line pitches, they employ an artificial sharpening to increase legibility. Sub-pixel sampling further increases legibility on LCD displays. This allowed Links to have anti-aliased fonts when anti-aliased font libraries were uncommon. | |||
| All graphic elements (images and text) are first converted from a given gamma space (according to known or assumed gamma information in PNG, JPEG etc.) through known user gamma setting into a 48 bits pixel photometrically linear space where they are re-sampled with bilinear re-sampling to the target size, possibly taking aspect ratio correction into account. Then the data are passed through a high-performance restartable dithering engine which is used regardless of monitor bit depth, i.e., also for 24 bits per pixel color. This ] engine<ref name=":0" /> considers the gamma characteristics of the monitor and uses 768 KiB of dithering tables to avoid time expensive calculations. A technique similar to ], ]s, is used to maximise the speed of the dithering engine without using ] optimization. | |||
| Tüm grafik öğeleri (görüntüler ve metinler) önce belirli bir gama alanından (], ] vb.'de bilinen veya varsayılan gama bilgilerine göre) bilinen kullanıcı gama ayarı aracılığıyla 48 bit piksel fotometrik olarak doğrusal bir alana dönüştürülür ve burada bilineer yeniden örnekleme ile hedef boyuta yeniden örneklenir, muhtemelen en boy oranı düzeltmesi dikkate alınır. Ardından veriler, monitör bit derinliğinden bağımsız olarak, yani piksel başına 24 bit renk için de kullanılan yüksek performanslı, yeniden başlatılabilir bir dithering motorundan geçirilir. Bu ] motoru<ref>{{Cite web |title=Links user documentation |url=http://links.twibright.com/user_en.html |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=links.twibright.com}}</ref> monitörün gamma özelliklerini dikkate alır ve zaman alıcı hesaplamalardan kaçınmak için 768 KiB dithering tablosu kullanır. ]<nowiki/>a benzer bir teknik olan ], ] dili optimizasyonu kullanmadan ] motorunun hızını en üst düzeye çıkarmak için kullanılır. | |||
| Scaled down images also use sub-pixel sampling on LCD to increase the level of detail. | |||
| Küçültülmüş görüntüler ayrıca ayrıntı düzeyini artırmak için ]'de alt piksel örnekleme kullanır. | |||
| The reason for this high-quality processing is: to provide proper realistic up and downsampling of images, and photorealistic display regardless of the monitor gamma, without color fringing caused by 8-Bit gamma correction built into the X server. It also increases the perceived color depth by over 24 bits per pixel. | |||
| Bu yüksek kaliteli işlemenin nedeni: görüntülerin uygun gerçekçi yukarı ve aşağı örneklemesini sağlamak ve ] yerleşik ] gama düzeltmesinin neden olduğu renk saçaklanması olmadan monitör gaması ne olursa olsun fotogerçekçi görüntü sağlamaktır. Ayrıca algılanan renk derinliğini piksel başına 24 bitin üzerine çıkarır. | |||
| Links |
Links has graphics drivers for the X Server, Linux framebuffer, svgalib, OS/2 ] and AtheOS GUI. | ||
| == |
==Forks== | ||
| === |
===ELinks=== | ||
| {{Main|ELinks}} | {{Main|ELinks}} | ||
| ''Experimental/Enhanced Links'' (ELinks) is a ] of Links led by Petr Baudis. It is based on Links 0.9.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elinks.cz/history.html|title=ELinks history page|access-date=14 December 2010}}</ref> It has a more open development and incorporates patches from other Links versions (such as additional extension scripting in ]) and from Internet users.<ref name="linuxjournal">{{cite web|url=http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/8148?page=0,1|title=2005 Text Mode Browser Roundup|last=Bolso|first=Erik Inge|date=8 March 2005|publisher=]|access-date=5 August 2010}}</ref> | |||
| ===Hacked Links=== | |||
| Experimental/Enhanced Links (ELinks), Petr Baudis tarafından yönetilen bir Links ]. Links 0.9<ref>{{Cite web |title=The history and evolution of the Links browsers |url=http://www.elinks.cz/history.html |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=www.elinks.cz}}</ref> tabanlıdır. Daha açık bir geliştirmeye sahiptir ve diğer Links sürümlerinden (Lua'da ek uzantı komut dosyası gibi) ve İnternet kullanıcılarından gelen yamaları içerir.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2005 Text Mode Browser Roundup {{!}} Linux Journal |url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/8148?page=0,1 |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=www.linuxjournal.com}}</ref> | |||
| ''Hacked Links'' is another version of the Links browser which has merged some of Elinks' features into Links 2. | |||
| Andrey Mirtchovski has ported it to ]. It is considered a good browser on that operating system, though some users have complained about its inability to cut and paste with the Plan 9 snarf buffer.{{citation needed|date=December 2011}} | |||
| Hacklenmiş Bağlantılar | |||
| {{As of|2016|04}}, the last release of Hacked Links is that of July 9, 2003, with some further changes unreleased.<ref>{{citation |url=http://xray.sai.msu.ru/~karpov/links-hacked/downloads/ChangeLog |title=ChangeLog |work=Hacked Links Project |date=October 28, 2003 |access-date=2016-04-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424091401/http://xray.sai.msu.ru/~karpov/links-hacked/downloads/ChangeLog |archive-date=2016-04-24 }}</ref> | |||
| Hacked Links, Links tarayıcısının Elinks'in bazı özelliklerini Links 2 ile birleştiren bir başka sürümüdür. | |||
| ===Other=== | |||
| Andrey Mirtchovski bunu ]'a taşımıştır. Bu işletim sisteminde iyi bir tarayıcı olarak kabul edilir, ancak bazı kullanıcılar Plan 9 snarf tamponu ile kesme ve yapıştırma yapamamasından şikayetçi olmuştur. ]] | |||
| Links were also ported to run on the Sony ] platform as PSPRadio by Rafael Cabezas with the last version (2.1pre23_PSP_r1261) released on February 6, 2007.<ref name="PSP Port">{{citation |url=http://sourceforge.net/projects/pspradio/files/links2/ |title=Home / links2 |work=PSPRadio |publisher=] |access-date=July 9, 2012 }}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | The ] port was updated by François Revol who also added GUI support.<ref name="BeOS port">{{citation |url=http://revolf.free.fr/beos/patches/links-2.1pre33.beos.002.diff.txt |title=BeOS port patch |first=Francois |last=Revol |date=May 3, 2008 |access-date=July 9, 2012 }}</ref> It also runs on ]. | ||
| Nisan 2016 itibarıyla, Hacked Links'in son sürümü 9 Temmuz 2003'tür ve bazı değişiklikler henüz yayınlanmamıştır.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-04-24 |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424091401/http://xray.sai.msu.ru/~karpov/links-hacked/downloads/ChangeLog |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=web.archive.org}}</ref> | |||
| ==References== | |||
| Diğer | |||
| Bağlantılar ayrıca Sony ] platformunda PSPRadio olarak Rafael Cabezas tarafından 6 Şubat 2007'de yayınlanan son sürümle (2.1pre23_PSP_r1261) çalışacak şekilde taşındı.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PSPRadio - Browse /links2 at SourceForge.net |url=https://sourceforge.net/projects/pspradio/files/links2/ |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=sourceforge.net}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | ] |
||
| == Kaynakça == | |||
| {{Reflist|30em}} | {{Reflist|30em}} | ||
| ==External links== | |||
| == Dış bağlantılar == | |||
| {{commons category|Links web browsers}} | {{commons category|Links web browsers}} | ||
| * {{Official website}} | * {{Official website}} | ||
Revision as of 05:19, 18 November 2023
Web browser Not to be confused with Lynx (web browser). | |
 Screenshot of a graphical Links | |
| Developer(s) | Mikuláš Patočka |
|---|---|
| Initial release | 1999; 26 years ago (1999) |
| Stable release | 2.30 
/ 27 July 2024 |
| Preview release | None (N/A) [±] |
| Written in | C |
| Operating system | Windows, macOS, OS/2, Unix-like, OpenVMS, DOS |
| Type | Web browser |
| License | GPL-2.0-or-later |
| Website | links |
Links is a free software text and graphical web browser with a pull-down menu system. It renders complex pages, has partial HTML 4.0 support (including tables and frames and support for multiple character sets such as UTF-8), supports color and monochrome terminals, and allows horizontal scrolling.
It is intended for users who want to retain many typical elements of graphical user interfaces (pop-up windows, menus etc.) in a text-only environment.
The original version of Links was developed by Mikuláš Patočka in the Czech Republic. His group Twibright Labs later developed version 2 of the Links browser, which displays graphics, and renders fonts in different sizes (with spatial anti-aliasing), but no longer supports JavaScript (it used to, up to version 2.1pre28). The resulting browser is very fast, but does not display many pages as intended. The graphical mode works even on Unix systems without the X Window System or any other window environment, using either SVGAlib or the framebuffer of the system's graphics card.
Graphics stack
 | This section has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages)
|
The graphics stack has several peculiarities for a web browser. The fonts displayed by Links are not derived from the system, but compiled into binary as gray scale bitmaps using the Portable Network Graphics (PNG) format. This allows the browser to be one executable file independent of the system libraries. However, this increases the size of the executable to about 5 MB. The fonts are anti-aliased without hinting; for small line pitches, they employ an artificial sharpening to increase legibility. Sub-pixel sampling further increases legibility on LCD displays. This allowed Links to have anti-aliased fonts when anti-aliased font libraries were uncommon.
All graphic elements (images and text) are first converted from a given gamma space (according to known or assumed gamma information in PNG, JPEG etc.) through known user gamma setting into a 48 bits pixel photometrically linear space where they are re-sampled with bilinear re-sampling to the target size, possibly taking aspect ratio correction into account. Then the data are passed through a high-performance restartable dithering engine which is used regardless of monitor bit depth, i.e., also for 24 bits per pixel color. This Floyd-Steinberg dithering engine considers the gamma characteristics of the monitor and uses 768 KiB of dithering tables to avoid time expensive calculations. A technique similar to self-modifying code, function templates, is used to maximise the speed of the dithering engine without using assembly language optimization.
Scaled down images also use sub-pixel sampling on LCD to increase the level of detail.
The reason for this high-quality processing is: to provide proper realistic up and downsampling of images, and photorealistic display regardless of the monitor gamma, without color fringing caused by 8-Bit gamma correction built into the X server. It also increases the perceived color depth by over 24 bits per pixel.
Links has graphics drivers for the X Server, Linux framebuffer, svgalib, OS/2 PMShell and AtheOS GUI.
Forks
ELinks
Main article: ELinksExperimental/Enhanced Links (ELinks) is a fork of Links led by Petr Baudis. It is based on Links 0.9. It has a more open development and incorporates patches from other Links versions (such as additional extension scripting in Lua) and from Internet users.
Hacked Links
Hacked Links is another version of the Links browser which has merged some of Elinks' features into Links 2.
Andrey Mirtchovski has ported it to Plan 9 from Bell Labs. It is considered a good browser on that operating system, though some users have complained about its inability to cut and paste with the Plan 9 snarf buffer.
As of April 2016, the last release of Hacked Links is that of July 9, 2003, with some further changes unreleased.
Other
Links were also ported to run on the Sony PSP platform as PSPRadio by Rafael Cabezas with the last version (2.1pre23_PSP_r1261) released on February 6, 2007.
The BeOS port was updated by François Revol who also added GUI support. It also runs on Haiku.
References
- "RELEASE 2.30". 27 July 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
- Links home page
- Legan, Dallas (September 2001), Text-Mode Web Browsers for OS/2, The Southern California OS/2 User Group, retrieved August 16, 2010
- ^ "Links user documentation". links.twibright.com. Retrieved 2023-09-07.
- "ELinks history page". Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- Bolso, Erik Inge (8 March 2005). "2005 Text Mode Browser Roundup". Linux Journal. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
- "ChangeLog", Hacked Links Project, October 28, 2003, archived from the original on 2016-04-24, retrieved 2016-04-24
- "Home / links2", PSPRadio, SourceForge, retrieved July 9, 2012
- Revol, Francois (May 3, 2008), BeOS port patch, retrieved July 9, 2012
External links
- Official website
- User documentation for Links
- Links-Hacked project
- Links for OS X on PowerPC and Intel
- pspradio : Links for PSP 1.18.1377 (2007-04-02) on SourceForge (forum)
- Linkx fork
- Original Links Source Code
| Lightweight web browsers | |
|---|---|
| Web browsers designed to consume fewer resources than mainstream browsers. | |
| Comparison of lightweight web browsers |
| Web browsers | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||