| Revision as of 19:58, 2 April 2007 editDbachmann (talk | contribs)227,714 editsmNo edit summary← Previous edit | Revision as of 19:59, 2 April 2007 edit undoDbachmann (talk | contribs)227,714 editsNo edit summaryNext edit → | ||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| ]]] | ]]] | ||
| '''Artaxerxes I''' (] Ἀρταξέρξης; corrupted from ] '' |
'''Artaxerxes I''' (] Ἀρταξέρξης; corrupted from ] ''Rtaxšaϑrā'' "whose rule is through ]"<ref>The Greek form of the name is influenced by '']'' (). The ] form is ארתחשסתא ''Artakhshasta''. In Modern Persian, he is called ].</ref>) was king of the ] from ] to ]. | ||
| He is also surnamed μακρόχειρ "Longimanus", allegedly because his right hand was longer than his left. <ref>Plutarch, Artaxerxes, l. 1. c. 1. 11:129 - cited by Ussher, Annals, para. 1179</ref> Via the Georgian house of ], the Russian ] family ] claimed descent from him. | He is also surnamed μακρόχειρ "Longimanus", allegedly because his right hand was longer than his left. <ref>Plutarch, Artaxerxes, l. 1. c. 1. 11:129 - cited by Ussher, Annals, para. 1179</ref> Via the Georgian house of ], the Russian ] family ] claimed descent from him. | ||
Revision as of 19:59, 2 April 2007
Artaxerxes I (Greek Ἀρταξέρξης; corrupted from Old Persian Rtaxšaϑrā "whose rule is through truth") was king of the Persian Empire from 465 BC to 424.
He is also surnamed μακρόχειρ "Longimanus", allegedly because his right hand was longer than his left. Via the Georgian house of Pahlavuni, the Russian Rurikid family Dolgoruki claimed descent from him.
After Persia had been defeated at Eurymedon, military action between Greece and Persia had come to a standstill. When Artaxerxes I took power, he began a new tradition of drawing off the Athenians by funding their enemies in Greece. This indirectly caused the Athenians to move the treasury of the Delian League from the island of Delos to the Athenian acropolis. This funding practice inevitably prompted renewed fighting in 450 BC, where the Greeks attacked at the Battle of Cyprus. After Cimon's failure to attain much in this expedition, the Peace of Callias was agreed between Athens, Argos and Persia in 449.
Artaxerxes I offered Themistocles, who was the winner of the Battle of Salamis, asylum after Themistocles was ostracized from Athens.
The rebuilding of Jerusalem was begun by Nehemiah, Artaxerxes' cupbearer "in the 20th year of King Artaxerxes" (Nehemiah 2:1) or 445 B.C.
Offspring
By queen Damaspia
By Cosmartidene of Babylon
By Andia of Babylon
References
- The Greek form of the name is influenced by Xerxes (Encyclopedia Iranica). The Biblical Hebrew form is ארתחשסתא Artakhshasta. In Modern Persian, he is called Ardeshir.
- Plutarch, Artaxerxes, l. 1. c. 1. 11:129 - cited by Ussher, Annals, para. 1179
See also
| Artaxerxes I Achaemenid dynastyBorn: ?? Died: 424 | ||
| Preceded byXerxes I | Great King (Shah) of Persia 465–424 |
Succeeded byXerxes II |
| Pharaoh of Egypt 465–424 | ||