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| ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}} | ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageName = Skeletal formula of hydrogen deuteride | ImageName = Skeletal formula of hydrogen deuteride
| OtherNames = Hydeuterogen | OtherNames =
| IUPACName = Hydrogen deuteride | IUPACName = Hydrogen deuteride
| SystematicName = (<sup>2</sup>H)Dihydrogen{{citation needed|date = March 2011}} | SystematicName = (<sup>2</sup>H)Dihydrogen{{citation needed|date = March 2011}}

Revision as of 07:55, 30 January 2024

Hydrogen deuteride
Skeletal formula of hydrogen deuteride
Skeletal formula of hydrogen deuteride
Names
IUPAC name Hydrogen deuteride
Systematic IUPAC name (H)Dihydrogen
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.034.325 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 237-773-0
PubChem CID
UN number 1049
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
  • InChI=1S/H2/h1H/i1+1Key: UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-OUBTZVSYSA-N
  • InChI=1/H2/h1H/i1+1Key: UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-OUBTZVSYED
SMILES
Properties
Chemical formula HD
Molar mass 3.02204 g mol
Melting point −259 °C (−434.2 °F; 14.1 K)
Boiling point −253 °C (−423.4 °F; 20.1 K)
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms GHS02: FlammableGHS04: Compressed Gas
Signal word Danger
Hazard statements H220, H280
Precautionary statements P210, P377, P381, P403, P410+P403
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 0: Exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible material. E.g. sodium chlorideFlammability 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g. propaneInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
0 4 0
Autoignition
temperature 		571 °C (1,060 °F; 844 K)
Related compounds
Related hydrogens Deuterium

Hydrogen
Tritium

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). checkY verify (what is  ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

Hydrogen deuteride is an isotopologue of dihydrogen composed of two isotopes of hydrogen: the majority isotope H (protium) and H (deuterium). Its proper molecular formula is HH, but for simplification, it is usually written as HD.

Preparation and occurrence

In the laboratory it is produced by treating sodium hydride with deuterated water:

NaH + D2O → HD + NaOD

Hydrogen deuteride is a minor component of naturally occurring molecular hydrogen. It is one of the minor but noticeable components of the atmospheres of all the giant planets, with abundances from about 30 ppm to about 200 ppm. HD has also been found in supernova remnants, and other sources.

Occurrence of HD vs. H2 in giant planets' atmospheres
Planet HD H2
Jupiter ~0.003% 89.8% ±2.0%
Uranus ~0.015% 82.5% ±3.3%
Neptune ~0.019% 80.0% ±3.2%
H NMR spectrum of a solution of HD (labeled with red bars) and H2 (blue bar). The 1:1:1 triplet arises from the coupling of the H nucleus (I = 1/2) to the H nucleus ( I = 1).

Radio emission spectra

HD and H2 have very similar emission spectra, but the emission frequencies differ.

The frequency of the astronomically important J = 1-0 rotational transition of HD at 2.7 THz has been measured with tunable FIR radiation with an accuracy of 150 kHz.

See also: rotational spectroscopy


References

  1. Bautista, Maria T.; Cappellani, E. Paul; Drouin, Samantha D.; Morris, Robert H.; Schweitzer, Caroline T.; Sella, Andrea; Zubkowski, Jeffery (1991). "Preparation and Spectroscopic Properties of the η-Dihydrogen Complexes (M = Iron, Ruthenium; R = Ph, Et) and Trends in Properties Down the Iron Group Triad". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 113 (13): 4876–87. doi:10.1021/ja00013a025.
  2. Neufeld, David A.; Hollenbach, David J.; Kaufman, Michael J.; Snell, Ronald L.; Melnick, Gary J.; Bergin, Edwin A.; Sonnentrucker, Paule (2007). "SpitzerSpectral Line Mapping of Supernova Remnants. I. Basic Data and Principal Component Analysis". The Astrophysical Journal. 664 (2): 890–908. arXiv:0704.2179. Bibcode:2007ApJ...664..890N. doi:10.1086/518857. S2CID 15286019.
  3. Williams, David R. (May 22, 2023). "Jupiter Fact Sheet". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
  4. Williams, David R. (May 22, 2023). "Uranus Fact Sheet". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
  5. Williams, David R. (May 22, 2023). "Neptune Fact Sheet". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
  6. Quinn, W.; Baker, J.; Latourrette, J.; Ramsey, N. (1958). "Radio-Frequency Spectra of Hydrogen Deuteride in Strong Magnetic Fields". Phys. Rev. 112 (6): 1929. Bibcode:1958PhRv..112.1929Q. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.112.1929.
  7. Evenson, K. M.; Jennings, D. A.; Brown, J. M.; Zink, L. R.; Leopold, K. R. (1988). "Frequency measurement of the J = 1-0 rotational transition of HD". Astrophysical Journal. 330: L135. Bibcode:1988ApJ...330L.135E. doi:10.1086/185221.

Further reading

Molecules detected in outer space
Molecules
Diatomic







Triatomic
Four
atoms
Five
atoms
Six
atoms
Seven
atoms
Eight
atoms
Nine
atoms
Ten
atoms
or more
Deuterated
molecules
Unconfirmed
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