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== Background and incident == == Background and incident ==
] resident Chrystul Kizer met Randall "Randy" Volar III, a then-33-year-old white man, when she was 16.<ref name="Spencer">{{Cite journal |last=Spencer |first=Ayanna De'Vante |date=2023-12-06 |title=Solidarity with Chrystul Kizer: On Disparate Failures of Knowledge-Attribution and Survivors of Sexual Violence |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0887536723000831/type/journal_article |journal=] |language=en |pages=1–19 |doi=10.1017/hyp.2023.83 |issn=0887-5367}} ()</ref><ref name="Taylor">{{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=Nikki M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=njHEEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA181 |title=Brooding over Bloody Revenge: Enslaved Women's Lethal Resistance |date=2023-07-13 |pages=181-182 |publisher=] |isbn=978-1-009-27684-9 |language=en}} ()</ref><ref name="Weston">{{Cite journal |last=Weston |first=Madeline |date=2022 |title=Committing Crimes Kept Her Alive: United States v. Dingwall and the Criminalization of Domestic Violence Victims |pp=259-260 |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/wiswo37&id=249&div=&collection= |journal=] |volume=37}} ()</ref><ref name="Avalos">{{Cite journal |last=Avalos |first=Lisa |date=2020-09-01 |title=Reversing the Decriminalization of Sexual Violence |url=https://scholars.law.unlv.edu/nlj/vol21/iss1/2 |journal=] |volume=21 |issue=1 |pp=32-33}} ()</ref> She posted to the ] site after a referral from a girl she knew, and stated that she needed the money for food and school notebooks.<ref name="interview" /><ref name="Banks">{{Cite journal |last=Banks |first=Brianna N. |date=2021 |title=The (De)Valuation of Black Women's Bodies |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/hwlj44&div=14&id=&page= |journal=Harvard Journal of Law and Gender |volume=44 |pages=329-362}} ()</ref> He was the first person to contact her when she joined the site.<ref name="Oconnell-Indep2020" /> She lived with him and alleged that he sexually abused her regularly and sometimes filmed the abuse for over a year.<ref name="activists" /> Kizer alleged that he began ] her<ref name="Avalos" /><ref name="Banks" /> using Backpage and took the money she was paid.<ref name="interview" /> Prosecutors told the court there was no doubt that Volar sexually assaulted Kizer and other girls based on videotapes seized by police.<ref name="Spencer" /><ref name="Weston" /><ref name="Rein">{{Cite journal |last=Rein |first=Rachel |date=2021 |title=Suffering at the Margins: Applying Disability Critical Race Studies to Human Trafficking in the United States |p=226 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3925222 |journal=] |doi=10.2139/ssrn.3925222 |issn=1556-5068}} ()</ref><ref name="AP 2020-06-03">{{Cite news |date=2020-06-23 |title=Woman accused of killing abuser freed on bond after 2 years |url=https://apnews.com/article/chicago-race-and-ethnicity-milwaukee-homicide-kenosha-ea1ef3026875796e30e299f452ff37d3 |access-date=2024-02-08 |work=] |language=en}}</ref> ] resident Chrystul Kizer met Randall "Randy" Volar III, a then-33-year-old white man, when she was 16.<ref name="Spencer">{{harvnb |Spencer |2022}}</ref><ref name="Taylor">{{harvnb |Taylor |2023 |p=181}}</ref><ref name="Weston">{{Cite journal |last=Weston |first=Madeline |date=2022 |title=Committing Crimes Kept Her Alive: United States v. Dingwall and the Criminalization of Domestic Violence Victims |pp=259-260 |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/wiswo37&id=249&div=&collection= |journal=] |volume=37}} ()</ref><ref name="Avalos">{{Cite journal |last=Avalos |first=Lisa |date=2020-09-01 |title=Reversing the Decriminalization of Sexual Violence |url=https://scholars.law.unlv.edu/nlj/vol21/iss1/2 |journal=] |volume=21 |issue=1 |pp=32-33}} ()</ref> She posted to the ] site after a referral from a girl she knew, and stated that she needed the money for food and school notebooks.<ref name="interview" /><ref name="Banks">{{harvnb |Banks |2021}}</ref> He was the first person to contact her when she joined the site.<ref name="Oconnell-Indep2020" /> She lived with him and alleged that he sexually abused her regularly and sometimes filmed the abuse for over a year.<ref name="activists" /> Kizer alleged that he began ] her<ref name="Avalos" /><ref name="Banks" /> using Backpage and took the money she was paid.<ref name="interview" /> Prosecutors told the court there was no doubt that Volar sexually assaulted Kizer and other girls based on videotapes seized by police.<ref name="Spencer" /><ref name="Weston" /><ref name="Rein">{{harvnb |Rein |2022 |p=226}}</ref><ref name="AP 2020-06-03">{{Cite news |date=2020-06-23 |title=Woman accused of killing abuser freed on bond after 2 years |url=https://apnews.com/article/chicago-race-and-ethnicity-milwaukee-homicide-kenosha-ea1ef3026875796e30e299f452ff37d3 |access-date=2024-02-08 |work=] |language=en}}</ref>


Volar was previously arrested in February 2018 after a 15-year-old girl reported him to police for giving her drugs and threatening to kill her.<ref name="interview" /><ref name="Weston" /> He was charged with child enticement, using a computer to facilitate a child sex crime, and second-degree sexual assault of a child.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2020-06-23 |title=Milwaukee teen accused of killing abuser freed on bond after 2 years |url=https://abc7chicago.com/chrystul-kizer-petition-update-randall-volar/6262233/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=ABC7 Chicago |language=en}}</ref> Volar was released the same day and had to pay no bail, and was told he would receive a court summons.<ref name="interview" /><ref name="Weston" /> Prosecutors and police had evidence that Volar was abusing multiple underage African-American girls and there was video evidence of the abuse.<ref name="Spencer" /><ref name="Rein" /><ref name="Avalos" /><ref name="Vafa">{{Cite report |first=Yasmin |last=Vafa |first2=Rebecca |last2=Epstein |date=April 2023 |title=Criminalized Survivors: Today’s Abuse to Prison Pipeline for Girls |p=11 |url=https://genderjusticeandopportunity.georgetown.edu/trauma-and-mental-health-for-girls/criminalized-survivors-todays-abuse-to-prison-pipeline-for-girls/ |access-date=2024-02-07 |publisher=Center on Gender Justice & Opportunity at ]|language=en}}()</ref> Police did not submit their case on Volar to prosecutors until three months had passed; Volar was killed 12 days later.<ref name="activists" /><ref name="Weston" /> Volar was previously arrested in February 2018 after a 15-year-old girl reported him to police for giving her drugs and threatening to kill her.<ref name="interview" /><ref name="Weston" /> He was charged with child enticement, using a computer to facilitate a child sex crime, and second-degree sexual assault of a child.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2020-06-23 |title=Milwaukee teen accused of killing abuser freed on bond after 2 years |url=https://abc7chicago.com/chrystul-kizer-petition-update-randall-volar/6262233/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=ABC7 Chicago |language=en}}</ref> Volar was released the same day and had to pay no bail, and was told he would receive a court summons.<ref name="interview" /><ref name="Weston" /> Prosecutors and police had evidence that Volar was abusing multiple underage African-American girls and there was video evidence of the abuse.<ref name="Spencer" /><ref name="Rein" /><ref name="Avalos" /><ref name="Vafa">{{harvnb |Vafa |2023 |p=11}}</ref> Police did not submit their case on Volar to prosecutors until three months had passed; Volar was killed 12 days later.<ref name="activists" /><ref name="Weston" />


Prosecutors allege that Kizer killed Volar on June 5, 2018, by shooting him.<ref name="Vafa" /><ref name="Rein" /> ] say Kizer admitted to taking an Uber from Milwaukee to Volar's residence, shooting him because "she had gotten upset and she was tired of touching her",<ref name="Oconnell-Indep2020" /><ref name="JS">{{Cite web |last=Luthern |first=Ashley |date=14 June 2018 |title=Milwaukee teen, charged with killing Kenosha man, bragged about it on Facebook, prosecutors say |url=https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/crime/2018/06/14/milwaukee-teen-charged-killing-kenosha-man-arson-facebook/701470002/ |access-date=April 24, 2023 |website=Journal Sentinel |language=en-US}}</ref> and then starting a fire at the residence before departing in Volar's ].<ref name="Taylor" /><ref name="Weston" /><ref name="Siegel">{{Cite journal |last=Siegel |first=Susanna |authorlink=Susanna Siegel |date=2022 |title=Vigilantism and Political Vision |url=https://philarchive.org/rec/SIEVAP |access-date=2024-02-07 |journal=] Review of Philosophy |issue=2 |pages=1-42 |language=en}} ()</ref> Prosecutors allege that Kizer killed Volar on June 5, 2018, by shooting him.<ref name="Vafa" /><ref name="Rein" /> ] say Kizer admitted to taking an Uber from Milwaukee to Volar's residence, shooting him because "she had gotten upset and she was tired of touching her",<ref name="Oconnell-Indep2020" /><ref name="JS">{{Cite web |last=Luthern |first=Ashley |date=14 June 2018 |title=Milwaukee teen, charged with killing Kenosha man, bragged about it on Facebook, prosecutors say |url=https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/crime/2018/06/14/milwaukee-teen-charged-killing-kenosha-man-arson-facebook/701470002/ |access-date=April 24, 2023 |website=Journal Sentinel |language=en-US}}</ref> and then starting a fire at the residence before departing in Volar's ].<ref name="Taylor" /><ref name="Weston" /><ref name="Siegel">{{harvnb |Siegel |2022}}</ref>


Kizer was incarcerated and bail was originally set at $1 million.<ref name="Spencer" /> Kizer was incarcerated and bail was originally set at $1 million.<ref name="Spencer" />


== Ongoing case == == Ongoing case ==
Kenosha County charged her as an adult with first-degree intentional homicide,<ref name="Taylor" /><ref name="Weston" /><ref name="Siegel" /><ref name="Krell">{{cite magazine |first=Maggy |last=Krell |first2=Sharan |last2=Dhanoa |date=2021-10-20 |title=Creating a Just Response for Survivors of Trafficking |url=https://www.americanbar.org/groups/criminal_justice/publications/criminal-justice-magazine/2021/fall/creating-just-response-survivors-trafficking/ |work=Criminal Justice |publisher=] |access-date=2024-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207184243/https://www.americanbar.org/groups/criminal_justice/publications/criminal-justice-magazine/2021/fall/creating-just-response-survivors-trafficking/ |archive-date=2024-02-07 |url-status=live}}</ref> which carries a mandatory life sentence in prison according to Wisconsin law.<ref name="Spencer" /><ref name="Vafa" /><ref name="Rein" /><ref name="Avalos" /><ref name="Banks" /> Lead prosecutor and District Attorney Michael Graveley alleged that the killing was premeditated.<ref name="Spencer" /><ref name="Siegel" /><ref name="Avalos" /> The prosecution agreed that Volar was an abuser, but further stated that Kizer planned to steal Volar's car as indicated by being armed with the gun.<ref name="Spencer" /> Kenosha County charged her as an adult with first-degree intentional homicide,<ref name="Taylor" /><ref name="Weston" /><ref name="Siegel" /><ref name="Krell">{{harvnb |Krell |2021}}</ref> which carries a mandatory life sentence in prison according to Wisconsin law.<ref name="Spencer" /><ref name="Vafa" /><ref name="Rein" /><ref name="Avalos" /><ref name="Banks" /> Lead prosecutor and District Attorney Michael Graveley alleged that the killing was premeditated.<ref name="Spencer" /><ref name="Siegel" /><ref name="Avalos" /> The prosecution agreed that Volar was an abuser, but further stated that Kizer planned to steal Volar's car as indicated by being armed with the gun.<ref name="Spencer" />


Her lawyers planned to argue an ], a Wisconsin state law that allows one to be acquitted of all charges if a crime was committed as a "direct result" of being ].<ref name="Spencer" /><ref name="Taylor" /><ref name="Krell" /><ref name="Siegel" /><ref name="Banks" /> There are no known cases where the affirmative defense has been used in an offense involving a violent crime.<ref name="interview" /><ref name="Banks" /> Her lawyers planned to argue an ], a Wisconsin state law that allows one to be acquitted of all charges if a crime was committed as a "direct result" of being ].<ref name="Spencer" /><ref name="Taylor" /><ref name="Krell" /><ref name="Siegel" /><ref name="Banks" /> There are no known cases where the affirmative defense has been used in an offense involving a violent crime.<ref name="interview" /><ref name="Banks" />
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== References == == References ==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist}}

=== Works cited ===
* {{Cite journal |last=Banks |first=Brianna N. |date=2021 |title=The (De)Valuation of Black Women's Bodies |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/hwlj44&div=14&id=&page= |journal=Harvard Journal of Law and Gender |volume=44 |pages=329-363}} ()
* {{cite magazine |first=Maggy |last=Krell |first2=Sharan |last2=Dhanoa |date=2021-10-20 |title=Creating a Just Response for Survivors of Trafficking |url=https://www.americanbar.org/groups/criminal_justice/publications/criminal-justice-magazine/2021/fall/creating-just-response-survivors-trafficking/ |work=Criminal Justice |publisher=] |access-date=2024-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207184243/https://www.americanbar.org/groups/criminal_justice/publications/criminal-justice-magazine/2021/fall/creating-just-response-survivors-trafficking/ |archive-date=2024-02-07 |url-status=live}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Rein |first=Rachel |date=2021 |title=Suffering at the Margins: Applying Disability Critical Race Studies to Human Trafficking in the United States |pp=183-256 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3925222 |journal=] |doi=10.2139/ssrn.3925222 |issn=1556-5068}} ()
* {{Cite journal |last=Siegel |first=Susanna |authorlink=Susanna Siegel |date=2022 |title=Vigilantism and Political Vision |url=https://philarchive.org/rec/SIEVAP |access-date=2024-02-07 |journal=] Review of Philosophy |issue=2 |pages=1-42 |language=en}} ()
* {{Cite journal |last=Spencer |first=Ayanna De'Vante |date=2023-12-06 |title=Solidarity with Chrystul Kizer: On Disparate Failures of Knowledge-Attribution and Survivors of Sexual Violence |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0887536723000831/type/journal_article |journal=] |language=en |pages=1–19 |doi=10.1017/hyp.2023.83 |issn=0887-5367}} ()
* {{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=Nikki M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=njHEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA181 |title=Brooding over Bloody Revenge: Enslaved Women's Lethal Resistance |date=2023-07-13 |publisher=] |isbn=978-1-009-27684-9 |language=en}} ()
* {{Cite report |first=Yasmin |last=Vafa |first2=Rebecca |last2=Epstein |date=April 2023 |title=Criminalized Survivors: Today’s Abuse to Prison Pipeline for Girls |url=https://genderjusticeandopportunity.georgetown.edu/trauma-and-mental-health-for-girls/criminalized-survivors-todays-abuse-to-prison-pipeline-for-girls/ |access-date=2024-02-07 |publisher=Center on Gender Justice & Opportunity at ]|language=en}}()


== Further reading == == Further reading ==
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* —Video: "Wisconsin teen faces life in prison for killing alleged sex trafficker" * —Video: "Wisconsin teen faces life in prison for killing alleged sex trafficker"


{{DEFAULTSORT:Kizer Case, Chrystul}}
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Revision as of 21:51, 11 February 2024

Criminal case in Kenosha, Wisconsin

Wisconsin v. Kizer
CourtWisconsin Supreme Court
Full case name State of Wisconsin v. Chrystul D. Kizer
DecidedJuly 6, 2022 (interlocutory)
CitationsState v. Kizer, 403 Wis.2d 142 (2022).
Case history
Appealed fromWisconsin circuit courts
Appealed toWisconsin Court of Appeals (State v. Kizer, 398 Wis.2d 697 (2021).)
Subsequent actionRemanded for trial
Case opinions
Wis. Stat. 939.46(1m) is a complete defense to first-degree intentional homicide; defined "directly related"
Decision byDallet (with A. Bradley and Karofsky)
ConcurrenceR. Bradley
DissentRoggensack (with Zieglerand Hagedorn)

Wisconsin v. Kizer is a pending murder case in which the deceased's alleged sex trafficking of the defendant is being raised as an affirmative defense, for the first time in Wisconsin and possibly anywhere in the United States. Chrystul Kizer was arrested at age 17 for the murder of Randall Phillip Volar III. She alleged Volar was her sex trafficker. On June 5, 2018, she allegedly shot him twice while he was sitting in a chair, set his house on fire, then stole his car. Kizer was arrested and incarcerated at Kenosha County Detention Facility to await trial. Kenosha County prosecutors charged her with first degree intentional homicide using a dangerous weapon, and four other felonies. They contend the killing was premeditated. If convicted, she would face a mandatory life sentence in prison.

Kizer's lawyers argue that she was a child trafficking victim acting in self-defense against her sex trafficker. Her case received attention in December 2019 after The Washington Post interviewed her, and after the George Floyd protests. Community activists posted her $400,000 bond, and she was released in June 2020. A trial date is not set. Renewed interest in her case followed the Kyle Rittenhouse case (which also took place in Kenosha) where the defense claimed self-defense and the jury delivered a not guilty verdict.

Background and incident

Kenosha, Wisconsin resident Chrystul Kizer met Randall "Randy" Volar III, a then-33-year-old white man, when she was 16. She posted to the Backpage site after a referral from a girl she knew, and stated that she needed the money for food and school notebooks. He was the first person to contact her when she joined the site. She lived with him and alleged that he sexually abused her regularly and sometimes filmed the abuse for over a year. Kizer alleged that he began trafficking her using Backpage and took the money she was paid. Prosecutors told the court there was no doubt that Volar sexually assaulted Kizer and other girls based on videotapes seized by police.

Volar was previously arrested in February 2018 after a 15-year-old girl reported him to police for giving her drugs and threatening to kill her. He was charged with child enticement, using a computer to facilitate a child sex crime, and second-degree sexual assault of a child. Volar was released the same day and had to pay no bail, and was told he would receive a court summons. Prosecutors and police had evidence that Volar was abusing multiple underage African-American girls and there was video evidence of the abuse. Police did not submit their case on Volar to prosecutors until three months had passed; Volar was killed 12 days later.

Prosecutors allege that Kizer killed Volar on June 5, 2018, by shooting him. Charging documents say Kizer admitted to taking an Uber from Milwaukee to Volar's residence, shooting him because "she had gotten upset and she was tired of touching her", and then starting a fire at the residence before departing in Volar's BMW.

Kizer was incarcerated and bail was originally set at $1 million.

Ongoing case

Kenosha County charged her as an adult with first-degree intentional homicide, which carries a mandatory life sentence in prison according to Wisconsin law. Lead prosecutor and District Attorney Michael Graveley alleged that the killing was premeditated. The prosecution agreed that Volar was an abuser, but further stated that Kizer planned to steal Volar's car as indicated by being armed with the gun.

Her lawyers planned to argue an affirmative defense, a Wisconsin state law that allows one to be acquitted of all charges if a crime was committed as a "direct result" of being trafficked. There are no known cases where the affirmative defense has been used in an offense involving a violent crime.

In December 2019, Kenosha County Circuit Court Judge David Wilk ruled that Kizer did not have access to the affirmative defense for trafficking victims.

In February 2020, Judge Wilk lowered the bond amount to $400,000.

Kizer was released on June 22, 2020, after she posted bond raised by the Chicago Community Bond Fund, the Milwaukee Freedom Fund, Survived and Punished, and the Chrystul Kizer Defense Committee.

On June 2, 2021, the Wisconsin Court of Appeals released a published decision, finding that the trial court had erred when denying her the ability to raise, as an affirmative defense, Wis. Stat. § 939.46(1m), related to victims of human trafficking and child sex trafficking. The prosecution appealed, and the decision was upheld by the Wisconsin state Supreme Court in July 2022.

As of October 31, 2023, no trial date has been scheduled.

Media attention and activism

Kizer's case received national attention after Jessica Contrera of The Washington Post covered the story in December 2019. In her first press interview to The Washington Post in December 2019, Kizer disputed her initial police statement and said she had killed Volar in self-defense because he had her pinned down and was attempting to sexually assault her.

Alyssa Milano and Tarana Burke were among those who circulated information about the case on social media. Critics of Kizer's arrest argued that the criminal justice system frequently punishes trafficking victims such as Kizer. Sex crimes expert Rachel Monaco-Wilcox stated that children of color are seen as willing participants in trafficking cases.

Supporters wrote letters to Kizer. Cyntoia Brown-Long wrote an op-ed that outlined the similarities between their cases. A Change.org petition for Kizer's release received almost 1.5 million signatures as of September 2020. DA Graveley posted a Facebook response that stated that he would not be swayed by the petition.

Kizer's mother, Devore Taylor, formed the Chrystul Kizer Defense Committee to organize around the case and to raise bail money. The case received renewed attention again after the George Floyd protests, and organizations such as Chicago Community Bond Fund received an influx of donations.

See also

References

  1. ^ Holcombe, Madeline (June 24, 2020). "A teenager accused of killing her alleged sex trafficker is released from jail on $400,000 bond". CNN. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
  2. ^ Brooks, Ryan (June 23, 2020). "Chrystul Kizer, A 19-Year-Old Sex Trafficking Victim Who Killed Her Abuser, Has Been Released From Jail". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
  3. ^ Contrera, Jessica (December 17, 2019). "He was sexually abusing underage girls. Then, police said, one of them killed him". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 28, 2023.
  4. Fortin, Jacey (June 23, 2020). "Chrystul Kizer, Teen Charged With Killing Sexual Abuser, Is Released on Bond". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 23, 2021. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
  5. ^ O'Connell, Oliver (June 23, 2020). "US trafficking victim leaves jail after two years as activists raise $400,000 bail". The Independent. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
  6. Shivaram, Deepa (November 25, 2021). "Rittenhouse's defense renews focus on the case of a 17-year-old who killed her abuser". NPR. Retrieved November 30, 2021.
  7. Branigin, Anne; Contrera, Jessica (November 24, 2021). "After Rittenhouse, protesters are asking: What about sex-trafficking victim Chrystul Kizer?". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
  8. ^ Spencer 2022 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSpencer2022 (help)
  9. ^ Taylor 2023, p. 181
  10. ^ Weston, Madeline (2022). "Committing Crimes Kept Her Alive: United States v. Dingwall and the Criminalization of Domestic Violence Victims". Wisconsin Journal of Law, Gender and Society. 37: 259–260. (TWL)
  11. ^ Avalos, Lisa (September 1, 2020). "Reversing the Decriminalization of Sexual Violence". Nevada Law Journal. 21 (1): 32–33. (PDF)
  12. ^ Banks 2021
  13. ^ Contrera, Jessica (December 31, 2019). "Activists, celebrities call for Chrystul Kizer's release in sex trafficking murder case". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 20, 2021.
  14. ^ Rein 2022, p. 226 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRein2022 (help)
  15. "Woman accused of killing abuser freed on bond after 2 years". Associated Press. June 23, 2020. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
  16. ^ "Milwaukee teen accused of killing abuser freed on bond after 2 years". ABC7 Chicago. June 23, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2023.
  17. ^ Vafa 2023, p. 11 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFVafa2023 (help)
  18. Luthern, Ashley (June 14, 2018). "Milwaukee teen, charged with killing Kenosha man, bragged about it on Facebook, prosecutors say". Journal Sentinel. Retrieved April 24, 2023.
  19. ^ Siegel 2022
  20. ^ Krell 2021 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKrell2021 (help)
  21. Contrera, Jessica (February 7, 2020). "Judge reduces bond for Chrystul Kizer, teen charged with killing her alleged sex trafficker". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
  22. Contrera, Jessica (June 23, 2020). "Chrystul Kizer, accused of killing her alleged sex trafficker, freed on bail after two years". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
  23. State v. Kizer, 398 Wis.2d 697 (2021).
  24. Wisconsin Supreme Court justice argues that Chrystul Kizer is a victim. The Washington Post. March 3, 2022.
  25. State v. Kizer, 403 Wis.2d 142 (2022).
  26. "Video, transcripts of Wisconsin woman's police interview cannot be used at her trial, judge rules". Associated Press. October 31, 2023. Retrieved February 8, 2024.

Works cited

Further reading

External links

  • Defense committee—Official website
  • ABC 30—Video: "Wisconsin teen faces life in prison for killing alleged sex trafficker"
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