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| {{Short description|Atlantic tropical storm in 2002}} | |||
| {{Infobox weather event | |||
| | name = Tropical Storm Cristobal | |||
| | image = Cristobal2002.jpg | |||
| | caption = Tropical Storm Cristobal off the ] on August 7 | |||
| | formed = August 5, 2002 | |||
| | extratropical = August 8 | |||
| | dissipated = August 13, 2002 | |||
| }}{{Infobox weather event/NWS | |||
| | winds = 45 | |||
| | pressure = 999 | |||
| }}{{Infobox weather event/Effects | |||
| | year = 2002 | |||
| | fatalities = 3 indirect | |||
| | damage-suffix = Minimal | |||
| | areas = ], ] | |||
| | refs = | |||
| }}{{Infobox weather event/Footer | |||
| | season = ] | |||
| }} | |||
| '''Tropical Storm Cristobal''' was a relatively weak ] that meandered in the western ] prior to being absorbed into a ]. The third named storm of the ], Cristobal developed on August 5 near the coast of ] from the same ] that spawned ]. The storm tracked slowly southeastward in the early portion of its duration, and initially remained disorganized. Cristobal attained peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h), and lost the characteristics of a tropical cyclone on August 8. The ] brought moderate precipitation to ], and in combination with a high pressure system the storm caused three drownings on ] from rip currents. | |||
| ==Meteorological history== | |||
| {{storm path|Cristobal 2002 track.png}} | |||
| A ] extended from the northern ] to the western ] in early August. The trough remained nearly stationary, spawning ] in the ] and a tropical disturbance off the coast of ].<ref name="tcr">{{cite web|author=James Franklin|year=2002|title=Tropical Storm Cristobal Tropical Cyclone Report|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2015-05-26|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL032002_Cristobal}}}}</ref> The weak ] off South Carolina drifted southward, with its associated deep ] increasing in organization on August 4.<ref>{{cite web|author=Stacy Stewart|date=August 4, 2002|title=Tropical Weather Outlook: 5:30 PM August 4, 2002|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=February 2, 2020|url=https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/wx/afos/p.php?pil=TWOAT%20&e=200208042102}}</ref> By 1800 ] on August 5, the system had acquired sufficient organization to be classified as Tropical Depression Three, while located about 175 miles (280 km/h) east-southeast of ].<ref name="tcr"/> | |||
| Upon becoming a tropical depression, the cyclone maintained outer ] and fair ]. It tracked southeastward around the northeastern periphery of an ] over ].<ref name="disc1">{{cite web|author=Jack Beven|year=2002|title=Tropical Depression Three Discussion One|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2008-01-08|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al032002.discus.001.html}}</ref> By August 6, the convection had diminished as outflow became restricted due to northeasterly ];<ref name="disc2">{{cite web|author=Stacy Stewart|year=2002|title=Tropical Depression Three Discussion Two|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2008-01-08|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al032002.discus.002.html}}</ref> with a relatively dry environment, most of the convection was confined to the southern semicircle of the depression. Despite the circulation becoming elongated in the southwesterly flow of a southward moving ], a ] flight late on August 6 reported that the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Cristobal about 315 miles (505 km) east of ].<ref name="tcr"/> | |||
| Tropical Storm Cristobal initially continued tracking southeastward, with its circulation reforming closer to the thunderstorms during each increase in convection.<ref name="disc7">{{cite web|author=Stacy Stewart|year=2002|title=Tropical Storm Cristobal Discussion Seven|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2008-01-08|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al032002.discus.007.html}}</ref> On August 7 the storm turned eastward, due to the influence of a large approaching mid to upper-level frontal zone. As the convection organized further, Cristobal intensified somewhat and attained peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h). On August 8, increased dry air weakened the convection and caused Cristobal to accelerate east-northeastward. The low-level circulation interacted with the approaching frontal zone, and by 0000 UTC on August 9 Tropical Storm Cristobal was absorbed by the cold front about 350 miles (560 km) southeast of ].<ref name="tcr"/> The remnants continued northeastward, passing near ] on August 10 before weakening near ] on August 14.<ref name="gp">{{cite web|author=Gary Padgett|year=2002|title=Worldwide Tropical Summary for August 2002|access-date=2008-01-08|url=http://www.australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2003/summ0208.htm}}</ref> | |||
| ==Impact== | |||
| As a tropical cyclone, Cristobal had minimal effects on land.<ref name="tcr"/> However, its remnants brought unsettled conditions to ], including a 45 mph (72 km/h) wind gust at the ]. The combination of moisture from Cristobal and cold front into which it was absorbed produced 2.78 inches (71 mm) of rain there in a 24‑hour period.<ref>{{cite web|author=Bermuda Weather Service |year=2002 |title=Bermuda Weather for August 2002 |access-date=2008-01-08 |url=http://www.weather.bm/data/2002-08.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208145015/http://www.weather.bm/data/2002-08.html |archive-date=2012-02-08 }}</ref> An annual powerboat race circumnavigating Bermuda had to be postponed by a week because of the adverse weather.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rough weather foils Around the Island racers|date=August 12, 2002|newspaper=The Royal Gazette|access-date=February 2, 2020|url=http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20020812/SPORT/308129969}}</ref> | |||
| Although Cristobal remained offshore during its evolution, rough seas and ] were felt along portions of the ]. On August 9, lifeguards in ], rescued about 25 swimmers caught in rip currents.<ref>{{cite news|author=Alicia A. Caldwell|date=August 10, 2002|title=This weekend, Atlantic coastline harbors a hazard|newspaper=The Orlando Sentinel|access-date=February 2, 2020|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/43483491/the_orlando_sentinel/}} {{open access}}</ref> Offshore winds from the storm were credited with ending a widespread outbreak of ] stings affecting bathers along the northern Atlantic coast of Florida. Some 1,000 stings had been reported.<ref>{{cite news|author=The Associated Press|date=August 10, 2002|title=Winds sweep jellyfish off of northeast Fla. coast|newspaper=The Palm Beach Post|access-date=February 2, 2020|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/43484137/the_palm_beach_post/}} {{open access}}</ref> Two ships recorded tropical storm force winds in association with the storm; one of them, a vessel with the call sign WUQL, reported sustained winds of 47 mph (76 km/h) from the west-southwest on August 7, while located about {{convert|160|mi|km|abbr=on}} northeast of ].<ref name="tcr"/> | |||
| Later, the extratropical remnants of Cristobal continued to interact with a high pressure system over the ] to generate dangerous swimming conditions further north. Along the south shore of ], ], ]s reached 4 feet (1.2 m), and rip currents resulted in three drowning deaths on August 10: one in ]; one just east of ]; and one off ].<ref>{{cite web|author=National Climatic Data Center|year=2002|title=Event Report for New York|access-date=2008-01-08|url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~469434|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520001826/http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~469434|archive-date=2011-05-20}}</ref> In the latter case, the victim had become exhausted after swimming out to save his son-in-law, an inexperienced swimmer, from the rip current.<ref>{{cite news|author=Tamer El-Ghobashy|date=August 12, 2002|title=He saves son-in-law, but drowns in surf|newspaper=The New York Daily News|access-date=February 2, 2020|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/43490393/daily_news/}} {{open access}}</ref> | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| {{Portal|Tropical cyclones}} | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| {{Clear}} | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{reflist|30em}} | |||
| {{Commons category}} | |||
| {{2002 Atlantic hurricane season buttons}} | |||
| {{Good article}} | |||
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Revision as of 16:17, 22 February 2024
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