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== History == == History ==
Early attempts to create tone indicators stemmed from the difficulty of denoting ] in print media, and so several ] marks were proposed. The '']'' (<code>⸮</code>; a reversed question mark) was proposed by ] in the 1580s to denote a rhetorical question, but usage died out by the 1700s.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Eats, Shoots & Leaves |last=Truss |first=Lynne |date=2003 |isbn=1-59240-087-6 |page=142 }}</ref> Early attempts to create tone indicators stemmed from the difficulty of denoting ] in print media, and so several ] marks were proposed. The '']'' (<code>⸮</code>; a reversed question mark) was proposed by ] in the 1580s to denote a rhetorical question, but usage died out by the 1700s.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Eats, Shoots & Leaves |last=Truss |first=Lynne |date=2003 |isbn=1-59240-087-6 |page=142 }}</ref>
In 1668, ] proposed the '']'', using an inverted exclamation mark (<code>¡</code>) to denote an ironic statement. Various other punctuation marks were proposed over the following centuries to denote irony, but none gained popular usage.<ref>{{cite book|last=Houston|first=Keith|title=Shady Characters: The Secret Life of Punctuation, Symbols & Other Typographical Marks|year=2013|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.|location=New York & London|isbn=978-0-393-06442-1 |pages=212–217}}</ref> More recently, in 1982, the ] was created to be used to denote jokes (with <code>:-)</code>) or things that are not jokes (with <code>:-(</code>).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~sef/Orig-Smiley.htm|title=Original Bboard Thread in which :-) was proposed|publisher= cs.cmu.edu|access-date=October 12, 2021}}</ref> In 1668, ] proposed the '']'', using an inverted exclamation mark (<code>¡</code>) to denote an ironic statement. Various other punctuation marks were proposed over the following centuries to denote irony, but none gained popular usage.<ref>{{cite book|last=Houston|first=Keith|title=Shady Characters: The Secret Life of Punctuation, Symbols & Other Typographical Marks|year=2013|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.|location=New York & London|isbn=978-0-393-06442-1 |pages=212–217}}</ref> In 1982, the ] was created to be used to denote jokes (with <code>:-)</code>) or things that are not jokes (with <code>:-(</code>).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~sef/Orig-Smiley.htm|title=Original Bboard Thread in which :-) was proposed|publisher= cs.cmu.edu|access-date=October 12, 2021}}</ref>


The syntax of modern tone indicators stems from '']'', which has long been used on the internet to denote ].<ref name="Forbes">{{cite news |last1=Zuckerman |first1=Ori Manor |title=Council Post: The Importance Of Subtext In Digital Communications |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2021/10/08/the-importance-of-subtext-in-digital-communications/ |access-date=2021-10-12 |work=Forbes |date=2021-10-08 |language=en}}</ref> This symbol is an abbreviated version of the earlier <code>/sarcasm</code>, itself a simplification of <code>&lt;/sarcasm&gt;</code>, the form of a humorous ] closing tag marking the end of a "sarcasm" block, and therefore placed at the end of a sarcastic passage.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Khodak |first1=Mikhail |last2=Saunshi |first2=Nikunj |last3=Vodrahalli |first3=Kiran |title=A Large Self-Annotated Corpus for Sarcasm |journal=Proceedings of the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference |date=7–12 May 2018 |page=1 |url=http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2018/pdf/160.pdf |accessdate=8 February 2019 |bibcode=2017arXiv170405579K |arxiv=1704.05579 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124222/http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2018/pdf/160.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The syntax of modern tone indicators stems from '']'', which has long been used on the internet to denote ].<ref name="Forbes">{{cite news |last1=Zuckerman |first1=Ori Manor |title=Council Post: The Importance Of Subtext In Digital Communications |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2021/10/08/the-importance-of-subtext-in-digital-communications/ |access-date=2021-10-12 |work=Forbes |date=2021-10-08 |language=en}}</ref> This symbol is an abbreviated version of the earlier <code>/sarcasm</code>, itself a simplification of <code>&lt;/sarcasm&gt;</code>, the form of a humorous ] closing tag marking the end of a "sarcasm" block, and therefore placed at the end of a sarcastic passage.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Khodak |first1=Mikhail |last2=Saunshi |first2=Nikunj |last3=Vodrahalli |first3=Kiran |title=A Large Self-Annotated Corpus for Sarcasm |journal=Proceedings of the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference |date=7–12 May 2018 |page=1 |url=http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2018/pdf/160.pdf |accessdate=8 February 2019 |bibcode=2017arXiv170405579K |arxiv=1704.05579 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124222/http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2018/pdf/160.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

Revision as of 10:28, 23 February 2024

Form of emphasis for communication This article is about the symbols appended to text to portray intent. For phonetic tone representation, see Tone (linguistics) § Phonetic notation. For other uses, see Tone.

A tone indicator or tone tag is a symbol attached to a sentence or message sent in a textual form, such as over the internet, to explicitly state the intonation or intent of the message, especially when it may be otherwise ambiguous. Tone indicators start with a forward slash (/), followed by a short series of letters, usually a shortening of another word. Examples include /j, meaning "joking"; /srs, meaning "serious"; or /s, meaning "sarcastic".

History

Early attempts to create tone indicators stemmed from the difficulty of denoting irony in print media, and so several irony punctuation marks were proposed. The percontation point (⸮; a reversed question mark) was proposed by Henry Denham in the 1580s to denote a rhetorical question, but usage died out by the 1700s. In 1668, John Wilkins proposed the irony mark, using an inverted exclamation mark (¡) to denote an ironic statement. Various other punctuation marks were proposed over the following centuries to denote irony, but none gained popular usage. In 1982, the emoticon was created to be used to denote jokes (with :-)) or things that are not jokes (with :-().

The syntax of modern tone indicators stems from /s, which has long been used on the internet to denote sarcasm. This symbol is an abbreviated version of the earlier /sarcasm, itself a simplification of </sarcasm>, the form of a humorous XML closing tag marking the end of a "sarcasm" block, and therefore placed at the end of a sarcastic passage.

Internet usage

On the internet, one or more tone indicators may be placed at the end of a message. A tone indicator on the internet often takes the form of a forward slash (/) followed by an abbreviation of a relevant adjective; alternatively, a more detailed textual description (e. g., / friendly, caring about your well-being) may be used. For example, /srs may be attached to the end of a message to indicate that the message is meant to be interpreted in a serious manner, as opposed to, for example, being a joke (which is commonly represented as /j). Tone indicators are used to explicitly state the author's intent, instead of leaving the message up to interpretation.

List of common tone indicators on the internet
Abbreviation Meaning
/j joking
/hj half joking
/js just saying
/s or /sarc sarcastic / sarcasm
/srs serious
/nsrs not serious
/lh light hearted
/hlh half light hearted
/g or /gen genuine
/i ironic
/ui unironic
/vu very upset
/ij inside joke
/ref reference
/t teasing
/nm not mad
/lu a little upset
/nf not forced
/nbh nobody here; nobody in this conversation
/nsb not subtweeting
/nay not at you
/ay at you
/nbr not being rude
/nv or /nav not venting/not a vent
/ot off topic
/th threat
/cb clickbait
/f fake
/q quote
/l or /ly or /lyr lyrics
/c copypasta
/m metaphor / metaphorically
/li literal / literally
/rt or /rh rhetorical question
/hyp hyperbole
/e excited
/ex exaggeration
/p or /pl platonic
/r romantic
/a alterous / affectionately
/sx or /x sexual intent
/nsx non-sexual intent
/ns non-sexual intent or not sure
/pc or /pos positive connotation
/nc or /neg negative connotation
/neu neutral / neutral connotation
/nh not hostile
/npa not passive aggressive
/st still thinking
/mj mainly/mostly joking
/ma messing around
/hsrs half serious
/hs half sarcastic
/dr don't reply
/dkm don't kill me
/cwh coping with humor
/cr cringey
/cur curious
/mhly misheard lyrics
/msrs mostly serious
/ms mostly sarcastic
/non nonsense
/genq or /gq genuine question

See also

References

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  1. Truss, Lynne (2003). Eats, Shoots & Leaves. p. 142. ISBN 1-59240-087-6.
  2. Houston, Keith (2013). Shady Characters: The Secret Life of Punctuation, Symbols & Other Typographical Marks. New York & London: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. pp. 212–217. ISBN 978-0-393-06442-1.
  3. "Original Bboard Thread in which :-) was proposed". cs.cmu.edu. Retrieved October 12, 2021.
  4. ^ Zuckerman, Ori Manor (2021-10-08). "Council Post: The Importance Of Subtext In Digital Communications". Forbes. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  5. Khodak, Mikhail; Saunshi, Nikunj; Vodrahalli, Kiran (7–12 May 2018). "A Large Self-Annotated Corpus for Sarcasm" (PDF). Proceedings of the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference: 1. arXiv:1704.05579. Bibcode:2017arXiv170405579K. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
  6. ^ "Tone Is Hard to Grasp Online. Can Tone Indicators Help?". New York Times. December 9, 2020. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  7. Jennings-Brown, Felicia. "A New Way to Communicate Emotion Has Emerged: Tone Indicators". The Science Survey. Retrieved 2022-05-09.
  8. "List of Twitter, Stan Slang - R74n". r74n.com. Tone Indicators / Mood / Tone Tag List. Retrieved 2022-07-12.
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