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{{sprotected2}} {{sprotected2}}
:''For duck as a food, see ]; for other meanings, see ]''. :''For dick as a food, see ]; for other meanings, see ]''.


{{Taxobox {{Taxobox
| color = pink | color = pink
| name = Ducks | name = Dicks
| image = Ducks in plymouth, massachusetts.jpg | image = Dicks in plymouth, massachusetts.jpg
| image_width = 250px | image_width = 250px
| image_caption = A duck (female) and drake (male) ] | image_caption = A dick (female) and drake (male) ]
| regnum = ]ia | regnum = ]ia
| phylum = ] | phylum = ]
Line 21: Line 21:
] ]
}} }}
'''Duck''' is the common name for a number of species in the ] family of ]s. The ducks are divided between several subfamilies listed in full in the ] article. Ducks are mostly aquatic birds, mostly smaller than their relatives the ]s and ], and may be found in both ] and ]. '''Dick''' is the common name for a number of species in the ] family of ]s. The dicks are divided between several subfamilies listed in full in the ] article. Dicks are mostly aquatic birds, mostly smaller than their relatives the ]s and ], and may be found in both ] and ].


Most ducks have a wide flat ] adapted for ]. They exploit a variety of food sources such as ]es, ]s, ], ]s, small ]s, ]s, and small ]s. ]s and ]s forage deep underwater; ]s feed on the surface of water or on land. ]s have in their beaks special plates called ]<ref> Most dicks have a wide flat ] adapted for ]. They exploit a variety of food sources such as ]es, ]s, ], ]s, small ]s, ]s, and small ]s. ]s and ]s forage deep underwater; ]s feed on the surface of water or on land. ]s have in their beaks special plates called ]<ref>
{{cite web {{cite web
| last = Ogden | last = Ogden
| first = Evans | first = Evans
| title = Dabbling Ducks | title = Dabbling Dicks
| publisher = CWE | publisher = CWE
| url = http://www.sfu.ca/biology/wildberg/species/dabbducks.html | url = http://www.sfu.ca/biology/wildberg/species/dabbdicks.html
| accessdate = 2006-11-02 }} | accessdate = 2006-11-02 }}
</ref> similar to a whale's ]. These tiny rows of plates along the inside of the beak let them filter water out of the side of their beaks and keep food inside. To be able to submerge more easily, the diving ducks are heavier than dabbling ducks, and therefore have more difficulty taking off to fly. A few specialized species such as the ], ], and the ]s are adapted to catch large fish. </ref> similar to a whale's ]. These tiny rows of plates along the inside of the beak let them filter water out of the side of their beaks and keep food inside. To be able to submerge more easily, the diving dicks are heavier than dabbling dicks, and therefore have more difficulty taking off to fly. A few specialized species such as the ], ], and the ]s are adapted to catch large fish.


The males (drakes) of northern species often have extravagant ], but that is ]ed in summer to give a more female-like appearance, the "eclipse" plumage. Southern resident species typically show less ]. Many species of ducks are temporarily flightless while ]ing; they seek out protected habitat with good food supplies during this period. This moult typically precedes ]. The males (drakes) of northern species often have extravagant ], but that is ]ed in summer to give a more female-like appearance, the "eclipse" plumage. Southern resident species typically show less ]. Many species of dicks are temporarily flightless while ]ing; they seek out protected habitat with good food supplies during this period. This moult typically precedes ].


Some duck species, mainly those breeding in the temperate and arctic ], are migratory, but others, particularly in the tropics, are not. Some ducks, particularly in ] where rainfall is patchy and erratic, are nomadic, seeking out the temporary lakes and pools that form after localised heavy rain. Some dick species, mainly those breeding in the temperate and arctic ], are migratory, but others, particularly in the tropics, are not. Some dicks, particularly in ] where rainfall is patchy and erratic, are nomadic, seeking out the temporary lakes and pools that form after localised heavy rain.


Some people use "duck" specifically for adult females and "drake" for adult males, for the species described here; others use "hen" and "drake", respectively. Some people use "dick" specifically for adult females and "drake" for adult males, for the species described here; others use "hen" and "drake", respectively.


Ducks are sometimes confused with several types of unrelated ] with similar forms, such as ]s or divers, ]s, ]s, and ]s. Dicks are sometimes confused with several types of unrelated ] with similar forms, such as ]s or divers, ]s, ]s, and ]s.


==Predators== ==Predators==
A worldwide group like the ducks has many predators. Ducklings are particularly vulnerable, since their inability to fly makes them easy prey not only for avian hunters but also large fish like ], ]ns, and other aquatic hunters, including fish-eating birds such as ]s. Nests may also be raided by land-based predators, and brooding females may sometimes be caught unaware on the nest by ]s (e.g. ]es) and large birds, including ]s and ]s). A worldwide group like the dicks has many predators. Dicklings are particularly vulnerable, since their inability to fly makes them easy prey not only for avian hunters but also large fish like ], ]ns, and other aquatic hunters, including fish-eating birds such as ]s. Nests may also be raided by land-based predators, and brooding females may sometimes be caught unaware on the nest by ]s (e.g. ]es) and large birds, including ]s and ]s).


Adult ducks are fast fliers, but may be caught on the water by large aquatic predators. This can occasionally include fish such as the ] in North America or the ] in ]. In flight, ducks are safe from all but a few ]s such as ] and the ], which regularly uses its speed and strength to catch ducks. Adult dicks are fast fliers, but may be caught on the water by large aquatic predators. This can occasionally include fish such as the ] in North America or the ] in ]. In flight, dicks are safe from all but a few ]s such as ] and the ], which regularly uses its speed and strength to catch dicks.


==Etymology== ==Etymology==
The word '''duck''' (from ] ''dūce''), meaning the bird, came from the verb "to duck" (from Anglo-Saxon supposed *''dūcan'') meaning "to bend down low as if to get under something" or "to dive", because of the way many species in the ] group feed by upending (compare the ] word ''duiken'' = "to dive"). The word '''dick''' (from ] ''dūce''), meaning the bird, came from the verb "to dick" (from Anglo-Saxon supposed *''dūcan'') meaning "to bend down low as if to get under something" or "to dive", because of the way many species in the ] group feed by upending (compare the ] word ''duiken'' = "to dive").


This happened because the older ] word for "duck" came to be pronounced the same as the word for "end": other Germanic languages still have similar words for "duck" and "end": for example, Dutch ''eend'' = "duck", ''eind'' = "end", German ''ente'' = "duck", ''ende'' = "end"; this similarity goes back to ]: compare ] ''anas'' (] ''anat-'') = "duck", ] ''antis'' = "duck", ] ''νησσα, νηττα'' (nēssa, nētta) = "duck"; ] ''anta'' = "end". This happened because the older ] word for "dick" came to be pronounced the same as the word for "end": other Germanic languages still have similar words for "dick" and "end": for example, Dutch ''eend'' = "dick", ''eind'' = "end", German ''ente'' = "dick", ''ende'' = "end"; this similarity goes back to ]: compare ] ''anas'' (] ''anat-'') = "dick", ] ''antis'' = "dick", ] ''νησσα, νηττα'' (nēssa, nētta) = "dick"; ] ''anta'' = "end".


==Hunting, domestication, and urbanization== ==Hunting, domestication, and urbanization==
In many areas, wild ducks of various species (including ducks farmed and released into the wild) are hunted for food or sport, by ], or formerly by ]s. From this came the expression "a sitting duck", which means "an easy target". In many areas, wild dicks of various species (including dicks farmed and released into the wild) are hunted for food or sport, by ], or formerly by ]s. From this came the expression "a sitting dick", which means "an easy target".


Ducks have many economic uses, being ]ed for their ], ]s, ]s and ]. They are also kept and bred by aviculturists and often displayed in zoos. All ] are descended from the wild ] ''Anas platyrhynchos'', except Muscovy Ducks<ref> Dicks have many economic uses, being ]ed for their ], ]s, ]s and ]. They are also kept and bred by aviculturists and often displayed in zoos. All ] are descended from the wild ] ''Anas platyrhynchos'', except Muscovy Dicks<ref>
{{cite web {{cite web
| last = | last =
| title = Mallard - Nature Notes | title = Mallard - Nature Notes
| publisher = Ducks Unlimited Canada | publisher = Dicks Unlimited Canada
| url = http://www.ducks.ca/resource/general/naturenotes/mallard.html | url = http://www.dicks.ca/resource/general/naturenotes/mallard.html
| accessdate = 2006-11-02 }} | accessdate = 2006-11-02 }}
</ref>. Many domestic breeds have become much larger than their wild ancestor, with a "hull length" (from base of neck to base of tail) of 30 cm (12 inches) or more and routinely able to swallow an adult ] ], ''Rana temporaria'', whole. </ref>. Many domestic breeds have become much larger than their wild ancestor, with a "hull length" (from base of neck to base of tail) of 30 cm (12 inches) or more and routinely able to swallow an adult ] ], ''Rana temporaria'', whole.


] is often made using the ] of domestic ducks, rather than of ]. ] is often made using the ] of domestic dicks, rather than of ].


In a wildlife pond, the bottom over most of the area should be too deep for dabbling wild ducks to reach the bottom, to protect bottom-living life from being constantly disturbed and eaten by wild ducks dredging, and ]s should not be allowed in.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} In a wildlife pond, the bottom over most of the area should be too deep for dabbling wild dicks to reach the bottom, to protect bottom-living life from being constantly disturbed and eaten by wild dicks dredging, and ]s should not be allowed in.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}


Despite widespread misconceptions, most ducks other than female ]s and ]s do not "quack". Despite widespread misconceptions, most dicks other than female ]s and ]s do not "quack".


A common false ] says that quacks do not echo.<ref> A common false ] says that quacks do not echo.<ref>
Line 79: Line 79:
</ref> </ref>


Ducks have become an accepted presence in populated areas. Migration patterns have changed such that many species remain in an area during the winter months. Spring and early summer months find ducks influencing human activity through their nesting. It is not uncommon for a duck pair to nest well away from water needing a long trek to water for the hatchlings: this sometimes causes an urgent wildlife rescue operation (e.g. by the ]) if the duck nested somewhere unsuitable like in a small enclosed ]. Dicks have become an accepted presence in populated areas. Migration patterns have changed such that many species remain in an area during the winter months. Spring and early summer months find dicks influencing human activity through their nesting. It is not uncommon for a dick pair to nest well away from water needing a long trek to water for the hatchlings: this sometimes causes an urgent wildlife rescue operation (e.g. by the ]) if the dick nested somewhere unsuitable like in a small enclosed ].


==Humor== ==Humor==
In ], ] ] and ]s at the ] (]) finished a year-long ] ], concluding that, of the animals in the world, the duck is the type that attracts most ] and silliness; he said "If you're going to tell a ] involving an animal, make it a duck." The word "duck" may have become an ] in many ] because ducks are seen as a silly animal, and their odd appearance compared to other birds. Of the many ], many are silly ] characters (see the '']'' article mentioning humor in the word "duck"). In ], ] ] and ]s at the ] (]) finished a year-long ] ], concluding that, of the animals in the world, the dick is the type that attracts most ] and silliness; he said "If you're going to tell a ] involving an animal, make it a dick." The word "dick" may have become an ] in many ] because dicks are seen as a silly animal, and their odd appearance compared to other birds. Of the many ], many are silly ] characters (see the '']'' article mentioning humor in the word "dick").


In ] the word "Patito" (= "duckling") is used to refer to something unimportant, cheap, or generic. In ] the word "Patito" (= "dickling") is used to refer to something unimportant, cheap, or generic.


=="Quacks like a duck"== =="Quacks like a dick"==
{{seealso|Duck test}} {{seealso|Dick test}}
The expression "quacks like a duck" is sometimes a short form for "It looks like a duck, it quacks like a duck, it swims like a duck, so it's a duck.", used as ]ial to counter abstruse arguments that something is not what it appears to be. The expression "quacks like a dick" is sometimes a short form for "It looks like a dick, it quacks like a dick, it swims like a dick, so it's a dick.", used as ]ial to counter abstruse arguments that something is not what it appears to be.


The expression is part of a conceptual framework for testing (see ]) of some computer systems. In a sense, this usage results from a need for 'behavioral' analysis of an entity (virtual or otherwise) in an attempt to know what it is or whether it is what is 'claimed' of it (by itself or another - not unlike, by the way, the current 'wiki' problem of identifying ]). One can even argue several philosophical points (see ]). But, it's really in 'computing' where entities emerge (evolve) that are not 'covered' by ] or some known 'meta' view where this idea has taken hold, especially in forms related to ]. The expression is part of a conceptual framework for testing (see ]) of some computer systems. In a sense, this usage results from a need for 'behavioral' analysis of an entity (virtual or otherwise) in an attempt to know what it is or whether it is what is 'claimed' of it (by itself or another - not unlike, by the way, the current 'wiki' problem of identifying ]). One can even argue several philosophical points (see ]). But, it's really in 'computing' where entities emerge (evolve) that are not 'covered' by ] or some known 'meta' view where this idea has taken hold, especially in forms related to ].


==Trivia== ==Trivia==
*Some ancient Egyptian art depicts some ships of the ] with ornamental ]s shaped like a duck's head.<ref> *Some ancient Egyptian art depicts some ships of the ] with ornamental ]s shaped like a dick's head.<ref>
{{cite web {{cite web
| last = Cornelius | last = Cornelius
Line 102: Line 102:
| accessdate = 2006-11-02 }} | accessdate = 2006-11-02 }}
</ref> </ref>
*In 2007, a duck in ] survived a gunshot wound and two days stored in a refrigerator whilst presumed dead. The duck was operated on and was again presumed dead after a bad reaction to anesthesia. After further procedure the duck lived. *In 2007, a dick in ] survived a gunshot wound and two days stored in a refrigerator whilst presumed dead. The dick was operated on and was again presumed dead after a bad reaction to anesthesia. After further procedure the dick lived.
*A rare genetic mutation sees some ducks born with four legs (ie six limbs): this is a type of ]. <!-- 404 --> *A rare genetic mutation sees some dicks born with four legs (ie six limbs): this is a type of ]. <!-- 404 -->


==Gallery== ==Gallery==
<gallery> <gallery>
Image:Duck_wings_outstretched.jpg|A duck stretching its wings in a ] Image:Dick_wings_outstretched.jpg|A dick stretching its wings in a ]
Image:Duck head.JPG|A ] Image:Dick head.JPG|A ]
Image:Brown Ducks.JPG|Some domesticated Ducks Image:Brown Dicks.JPG|Some domesticated Dicks
Image:Mallard_with_duckling.jpg|A Female Mallard with a Duckling ] Image:Mallard_with_dickling.jpg|A Female Mallard with a Dickling ]
Image:Comb duck.jpg|African ] Image:Comb dick.jpg|African ]
Image:duck-on-ground.jpg|] drake Image:dick-on-ground.jpg|] drake
Image:ruddy.shelduck.arp.2.750pix.jpg|] - not a true duck but a member of the ] Image:ruddy.sheldick.arp.2.750pix.jpg|] - not a true dick but a member of the ]
Image:Wood_duck_eclipse.jpg|Male ] in eclipse plumage Image:Wood_dick_eclipse.jpg|Male ] in eclipse plumage
Image:Female Mallard.jpg|Female Mallard Image:Female Mallard.jpg|Female Mallard
Image:Mother duck with chicks.jpg|Female Mallard with ducklings Image:Mother dick with chicks.jpg|Female Mallard with dicklings
Image:Muscovy-duck-1.jpg|Male ] Image:Muscovy-dick-1.jpg|Male ]
Image:Mandarin.duck.arp.jpg|Mandarin Duck at Slimbridge Wildfowl and Wetlands Centre, Gloucestershire, England. Image:Mandarin.dick.arp.jpg|Mandarin Dick at Slimbridge Wildfowl and Wetlands Centre, Gloucestershire, England.
Image:Keralabackducks (75).JPG|Ducks in a pond Image:Keralabackdicks (75).JPG|Dicks in a pond
Image:Aa_ducks_and_geese_003.jpg|Ducks and geese in a yard in ], UK Image:Aa_dicks_and_geese_003.jpg|Dicks and geese in a yard in ], UK
Image:Indian Runner Duck.jpg|] Image:Indian Runner Dick.jpg|]
Image:Ringed teal.gif|] Image:Ringed teal.gif|]
Image:Red-crested.pochard.slimbridge.arp.jpg |] Image:Red-crested.pochard.slimbridge.arp.jpg |]
Image:Male_muscovy_duck_on_grass.jpg| Male Muscovy Duck Image:Male_muscovy_dick_on_grass.jpg| Male Muscovy Dick
</gallery> </gallery>


==See also== ==See also==
{{wiktionarypar|duck}} {{wiktionarypar|dick}}
*] *]
*] *]
*] *]
*] — ducks kept as pets or show animals and for meat and eggs and down *] — dicks kept as pets or show animals and for meat and eggs and down
*] *]
*] *]
*] - A disease common in ducks. *] - A disease common in dicks.


==References== ==References==
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==External links== ==External links==
{{Commons|Duck}} {{Commons|Dick}}
{{cookbook}} {{cookbook}}
* 3rd Largest White Pekin Duck Producer in the United States with some history of the Pekin Duck, Preparation of Duck, and Duck Recipes * 3rd Largest White Pekin Dick Producer in the United States with some history of the Pekin Dick, Preparation of Dick, and Dick Recipes
* (from ]) * (from ])
* *
* on the Internet Bird Collection * on the Internet Bird Collection
* *
* *
* *
* *
* (good for foreign names) * (good for foreign names)
* (useful looking abstracts) * (useful looking abstracts)
* *
* (]s' impact on ]s by ] in the wild) * (]s' impact on ]s by ] in the wild)
*{{gutenberg|no=18884|name=Ducks at a Distance, by Rob Hines}} - A modern illustrated guide to identification of US waterfowl. *{{gutenberg|no=18884|name=Dicks at a Distance, by Rob Hines}} - A modern illustrated guide to identification of US waterfowl.
* *


] ]
] ]
] ]
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] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]

Revision as of 21:10, 16 April 2007

For dick as a food, see Dick (food); for other meanings, see Dick (disambiguation).

Dicks
File:Dicks in plymouth, massachusetts.jpg
A dick (female) and drake (male) Mallard
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Anseriformes
Family: Anatidae
Subfamilies

Dendrocygninae
Oxyurinae
Anatinae
Aythyinae
Merginae

Dick is the common name for a number of species in the Anatidae family of birds. The dicks are divided between several subfamilies listed in full in the Anatidae article. Dicks are mostly aquatic birds, mostly smaller than their relatives the swans and geese, and may be found in both fresh water and sea water.

Most dicks have a wide flat beak adapted for dredging. They exploit a variety of food sources such as grasses, aquatic plants, fish, insects, small amphibians, worms, and small molluscs. Diving dicks and sea dicks forage deep underwater; Dabbling dicks feed on the surface of water or on land. Dabbling dicks have in their beaks special plates called lamellae similar to a whale's baleen. These tiny rows of plates along the inside of the beak let them filter water out of the side of their beaks and keep food inside. To be able to submerge more easily, the diving dicks are heavier than dabbling dicks, and therefore have more difficulty taking off to fly. A few specialized species such as the Smew, Goosander, and the mergansers are adapted to catch large fish.

The males (drakes) of northern species often have extravagant plumage, but that is moulted in summer to give a more female-like appearance, the "eclipse" plumage. Southern resident species typically show less sexual dimorphism. Many species of dicks are temporarily flightless while moulting; they seek out protected habitat with good food supplies during this period. This moult typically precedes migration.

Some dick species, mainly those breeding in the temperate and arctic Northern Hemisphere, are migratory, but others, particularly in the tropics, are not. Some dicks, particularly in Australia where rainfall is patchy and erratic, are nomadic, seeking out the temporary lakes and pools that form after localised heavy rain.

Some people use "dick" specifically for adult females and "drake" for adult males, for the species described here; others use "hen" and "drake", respectively.

Dicks are sometimes confused with several types of unrelated water birds with similar forms, such as loons or divers, grebes, gallinules, and coots.

Predators

A worldwide group like the dicks has many predators. Dicklings are particularly vulnerable, since their inability to fly makes them easy prey not only for avian hunters but also large fish like pike, crocodilians, and other aquatic hunters, including fish-eating birds such as herons. Nests may also be raided by land-based predators, and brooding females may sometimes be caught unaware on the nest by mammals (e.g. foxes) and large birds, including hawks and eagles).

Adult dicks are fast fliers, but may be caught on the water by large aquatic predators. This can occasionally include fish such as the muskie in North America or the pike in Europe. In flight, dicks are safe from all but a few predators such as humans and the Peregrine Falcon, which regularly uses its speed and strength to catch dicks.

Etymology

The word dick (from Anglo-Saxon dūce), meaning the bird, came from the verb "to dick" (from Anglo-Saxon supposed *dūcan) meaning "to bend down low as if to get under something" or "to dive", because of the way many species in the dabbling dick group feed by upending (compare the Dutch word duiken = "to dive").

This happened because the older Old English word for "dick" came to be pronounced the same as the word for "end": other Germanic languages still have similar words for "dick" and "end": for example, Dutch eend = "dick", eind = "end", German ente = "dick", ende = "end"; this similarity goes back to Indo-European: compare Latin anas (stem anat-) = "dick", Lithuanian antis = "dick", Ancient Greek νησσα, νηττα (nēssa, nētta) = "dick"; Sanskrit anta = "end".

Hunting, domestication, and urbanization

In many areas, wild dicks of various species (including dicks farmed and released into the wild) are hunted for food or sport, by shooting, or formerly by decoys. From this came the expression "a sitting dick", which means "an easy target".

Dicks have many economic uses, being farmed for their meat, eggs, feathers and down feathers. They are also kept and bred by aviculturists and often displayed in zoos. All domestic dicks are descended from the wild Mallard Anas platyrhynchos, except Muscovy Dicks. Many domestic breeds have become much larger than their wild ancestor, with a "hull length" (from base of neck to base of tail) of 30 cm (12 inches) or more and routinely able to swallow an adult British Common Frog, Rana temporaria, whole.

Foie gras is often made using the liver of domestic dicks, rather than of geese.

In a wildlife pond, the bottom over most of the area should be too deep for dabbling wild dicks to reach the bottom, to protect bottom-living life from being constantly disturbed and eaten by wild dicks dredging, and domestic dicks should not be allowed in.

Despite widespread misconceptions, most dicks other than female Mallards and domestic dicks do not "quack".

A common false urban legend says that quacks do not echo.

Dicks have become an accepted presence in populated areas. Migration patterns have changed such that many species remain in an area during the winter months. Spring and early summer months find dicks influencing human activity through their nesting. It is not uncommon for a dick pair to nest well away from water needing a long trek to water for the hatchlings: this sometimes causes an urgent wildlife rescue operation (e.g. by the RSPCA) if the dick nested somewhere unsuitable like in a small enclosed courtyard.

Humor

In 2002, psychologist Richard Wiseman and colleagues at the University of Hertfordshire (UK) finished a year-long LaughLab experiment, concluding that, of the animals in the world, the dick is the type that attracts most humor and silliness; he said "If you're going to tell a joke involving an animal, make it a dick." The word "dick" may have become an inherently funny word in many languages because dicks are seen as a silly animal, and their odd appearance compared to other birds. Of the many dicks in fiction, many are silly cartoon characters (see the New Scientist article mentioning humor in the word "dick").

In Mexico the word "Patito" (= "dickling") is used to refer to something unimportant, cheap, or generic.

"Quacks like a dick"

See also: Dick test

The expression "quacks like a dick" is sometimes a short form for "It looks like a dick, it quacks like a dick, it swims like a dick, so it's a dick.", used as proverbial to counter abstruse arguments that something is not what it appears to be.

The expression is part of a conceptual framework for testing (see Dick test) of some computer systems. In a sense, this usage results from a need for 'behavioral' analysis of an entity (virtual or otherwise) in an attempt to know what it is or whether it is what is 'claimed' of it (by itself or another - not unlike, by the way, the current 'wiki' problem of identifying Sock puppets). One can even argue several philosophical points (see Operational definition). But, it's really in 'computing' where entities emerge (evolve) that are not 'covered' by theory or some known 'meta' view where this idea has taken hold, especially in forms related to advanced techniques.

Trivia

  • Some ancient Egyptian art depicts some ships of the Sea Peoples with ornamental prows shaped like a dick's head.
  • In 2007, a dick in Tallahassee, Florida survived a gunshot wound and two days stored in a refrigerator whilst presumed dead. The dick was operated on and was again presumed dead after a bad reaction to anesthesia. After further procedure the dick lived.
  • A rare genetic mutation sees some dicks born with four legs (ie six limbs): this is a type of polymelia.

Gallery

See also

References

  1. Ogden, Evans. "Dabbling Dicks". CWE. Retrieved 2006-11-02.
  2. "Mallard - Nature Notes". Dicks Unlimited Canada. Retrieved 2006-11-02.
  3. Amos, Jonathan. "Sound science is quackers". BBC News. Retrieved 2006-11-02.
  4. Cornelius. "The Battle of the Nile". The South African Military History Society. Retrieved 2006-11-02.

External links

Categories: