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Hello is a salutation or greeting in the English language and is synonymous with other greetings such as Hi or Hey. Hello was recorded in dictionaries in 1883.

First use

Many stories date the first use of hello (with that spelling) to around the time of the invention of the telephone in 1876. It was however used in print in Roughing It by Mark Twain in 1872 (written between 1870 and 1871), so its first use must have predated the telephone:

"A miner came out and said: 'Hello!'"

Earlier uses can be found back to 1849. It was listed in dictionaries by 1883.

The word was extensively used in literature by the 1860s. Two early uses of hello can be found as far back as 1826.

• Report on the trade in foreign corn, and on the agriculture of the north of Europe. by William Jacob, 1826. page 213

"On this occasion she switched it on to a patient who was awake and who merely said 'Hello Sister, what's the matter with you...'"

• The Every-day Book: Or Everlasting Calendar of Popular Amusements, Sports, Pastime, Ceremonies,...By William Hone, 1826 Page 1370

"Then hello boys! hello boys! shout and huzz....

Etymology

There are many different theories to the origins of the word. It may be a contraction of archaic English "whole be thou". Another source may be the phrase "Hail, Thou", as in the Bible; Luke 1:28 and Matthew 27:14.

The Germanic languages share an ancient morpheme that may be the origin of hello: English, hail; German, heil; Scandinavian, hell/heil; old Norse, heill. The core meaning may be something like "safe, healthy" and related to the English word "whole" (also to "holy", "whole" and "health"), i.e. physically sound. See also "hale and hearty".

Telephone

The word hello is also credited to Thomas Edison specifically as a way to greet someone when answering the telephone; according to one source due to expressing his surprise with a misheard Hullo. Alexander Graham Bell initially used Ahoy (as used on ships) as a telephone greeting. However, in 1877, Edison wrote to T.B.A. David, the president of the Central District and Printing Telegraph Company of Pittsburg:

"Friend David, I do not think we shall need a call bell as Hello! can be heard 10 to 20 feet away.
What you think? Edison - P.S. first cost of sender & receiver to manufacture is only $7.00."

By 1889 central telephone exchange operators were known as 'hello-girls' due to the association between the greeting and the telephone.

In Hungarian, Hallod? (pron. roughly as British hullo) means "Do you hear ?" and the answer is Hallom (pron. like hullom) for "I hear .". Another story suggests this as a source for the use of hello on the telephone: the Hungarian inventor Tivadar Puskas was in America when Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. Soon Puskas began work on a telephone exchange. According to Thomas Edison, "Tivadar Puskas was the first person to suggest the idea of a telephone exchange". Puskas' idea finally became a reality in 1877 in Boston. It was then that the word hallom, which later became hallo/hello was used for the first time in a telephone conversation when, on hearing the voice of the person at the other end of the line, an exultant Puskas shouted out in Hungarian "hallom" "I hear you".

Hullo

Hello may also be derived from Hullo. Hullo was in use before hello and was used as a greeting and also an expression of surprise. Charles Dickens uses it in Chapter 8 of Oliver Twist in 1838 when Oliver meets the Artful Dodger:

"Upon this, the boy crossed over; and walking close up to Oliver, said 'Hullo, my covey! What's the row?'"

It was in use in both senses by the time Tom Brown's Schooldays was published in 1857 (although the book was set in the 1830s so it may have been in use by then):

• "'Hullo though,' says East, pulling up, and taking another look at Tom; 'this'll never do...'"
• "Hullo, Brown! where do you come from?"

Though much less common than it used to be, the word hullo is still in use, mainly in British English.

Hallo

Hello is alternatively thought to come from the word hallo (1840) via hollo (also holla, holloa, halloo, halloa). The definition of hollo is to shout or an exclamation originally shouted in a hunt when the quarry was spotted:

"If I fly, Marcius,/Halloo me like a hare." - Coriolanus (I.viii.7), William Shakespeare

Webster's dictionary from 1913 traces the etymology of holloa to the Old English halow and suggests: "Perhaps from ah + lo; compare Anglo Saxon ealā".

According to the American Heritage Dictionary, hallo is a modification of the obsolete holla (stop!), perhaps from Old French hola (ho, ho! + la, there, from Latin illac, that way).

Related to health

The origin of hello could be related to "health", as the most common greetings in many languages originate from the word "health". Examples include the French "salut", meaning "health"; the Latin "salvete", meaning "be in good health"; the Russian "zdorovo", meaning " healthy "; and the Mandarin Chinese "Ni hao ma?", meaning "are you well?"

See also

• Goodbye

External links

• Hello in more than 800 languages

References

1. "Roughing It". UVa Library.
2. Foster, George G (1849). New York in Slices. New York: W. F. Burgess. pp. cc=moa, g=moagrp, xc=1, q1=hello, rgn=full%20text, idno=aja2254.0001.001, didno=aja2254.0001.001, view=image, seq=0122 p120. Retrieved 2006-08-15.
3. ^ "Online Etymology Dictionary".
4. "Google books".
5. "Google books".
6. Bryson, Bill. Mother Tongue: English & How It Got That Way.
7. Allen Koenigsberg. "The First "Hello!": Thomas Edison, the Phonograph and the Telephone – Part 2". Antique Phonograph Magazine, Vol.VIII No.6. Retrieved 2006-09-13.
8. Allen Koenigsberg (1999). "All Things Considered". National Public Radio. Retrieved 2006-09-13.
9. ^ "Hello". Merriam-Webster Online.
10. "Hello". The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. Retrieved 2006-09-01.

• OED online entry for hollo (Subscription)
• Merriam-Webster Dictionary: hullo

• Greetings