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| '''Carl E. Hewitt''' is an Associate Professor (]) in the ] and ] department at the ] (MIT). | '''Carl E. Hewitt''' is an Associate Professor (]) in the ] and ] department at the ] (MIT). Hewitt obtained his PhD in mathematics at MIT in 1971, under the supervision of ], ], and Mike Paterson. He is known for his design of ],<ref name="kay1996">{{cite journal|last=Kay |first=Alan|authorlink=Alan Kay|title=The Early History of Smalltalk|url=http://www.smalltalk.org/downloads/papers/SmalltalkHistoryHOPL.pdf|journal=ACM SIGPLAN|volume=28|issue=3|date=March 1993|pages=69-75|quote=...Carl Hewitt's PLANNER, a programmable logic system that formed the deductive basis of Winograd's SHRDLU...}}</ref>, which was the first ] ] based on procedural plans that were invoked using pattern-directed invocation from assertions and goals,<ref>Carl Hewitt. IJCAI. 1969. | ||
| *Mike Paterson and Carl Hewitt. ''Comparative Schematology'' MIT AI Memo 201. August 1970.</ref> and his work on the ] of computation.<ref>{{cite book|last=Filman|first=Robert|coauthors=Daniel Friedman|title=Coordinated Computing - | |||
| Tools and Techniques for Distributed Software|year=1984|publisher=McGraw-Hill|id=ISBN 0-07-022439-0|url=http://ic.arc.nasa.gov/people/filman/text/dpl/dpl.html|chapter=Actors|pages= pp. 145|quote=Carl Hewitt and his colleagues at M.I.T. are developing the Actor model.}}</ref> | |||
| Hewitt's work on Planner introduced the notion of the "procedural embedding of knowledge",<ref>Carl Hewitt. ''Procedural Embedding of Knowledge In Planner'' IJCAI. 1971.</ref>, which was an alternative to the logical approach to knowledge encoding for ] pioneered by ]{{cite needed}}. A subset of Planner called Micro Planner was implemented by ], ] and ].<ref>Gerry Sussman and Terry Winograd. '''''' AI Memo No, 203, MIT Project MAC, July 1970.</ref> It was used in Winograd's famous ] program,<ref>Terry Winograd. '''''' MIT AI TR-235. January 1971.</ref> and Eugene Charniak's natural language story understanding work.{{cite needed}} | |||
| Hewitt's work on the Actor model<ref>Carl Hewitt, Peter Bishop and Richard Steiger. ''A Universal Modular Actor Formalism for Artificial Intelligence'' IJCAI. 1973.</ref> built on ], ], ], ] and early versions of ]{{cite needed}}, and was influential in the development of the ]<ref>{{cite journal|last=Krishnamurthi|first=Shriram|title= An Introduction to Scheme|journal=Crossroads|volume =1|issue=2|date=December 1994|url=http://www.acm.org/crossroads/xrds1-2/scheme.html}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | Using program schemas in collaboration with Mike Paterson, Hewitt proved that ] is more powerful than ] and that ] is more powerful than recursion |
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| ⚫ | Using program schemas in collaboration with Mike Paterson, Hewitt proved that ] is more powerful than ] and that ] is more powerful than recursion.<ref>Mike Paterson and Carl Hewitt. Comparative Schematology MIT AI Memo 201. August 1970.</ref> In collaboration with ], he published physical laws for computation<ref>Carl Hewitt and ] ''Laws for Communicating Parallel Processes'' IFIP-77, August 1977</ref> which they then used to derive the continuity criterion for computable functions of ].<ref>Carl Hewitt and ] Proceeding of IFIP Working Conference on Formal Description of Programming Concepts. August 1–5, 1977<ref> Using participatory semantics, he proved that ]s are more powerful than recursion and that ] is more powerful than parallel coroutines.{{cite needed}} | ||
| Hewitt and his students and colleagues are also known for their work on the ] . Actors are universal primitives of concurrent computation. The Actor work built on ], ], ], ] and early versions of ]. | |||
| Together with Bill Kornfeld, he developed the ] |
Together with Bill Kornfeld, he developed the ].<ref>William Kornfeld and Carl Hewitt. MIT AI Memo 641. January, 1981.</ref> He has also made contributions in the areas of ],<ref>Henry Lieberman and Carl Hewitt. ''A real Time Garbage Collector Based on the Lifetimes of Objects'' ]. June, 1983.</ref> ] design and implementation, ],<ref>Carl Hewitt. ''The Challenge of Open Systems'' Byte Magazine. April 1985. Reprinted in ''The foundation of artificial intelligence---a sourcebook'' Cambridge University Press. 1990.</ref> Organizational Computing, ],<ref>Carl Hewitt (2006a). ''The repeated demise of logic programming and why it will be reincarnated'' What Went Wrong and Why: Lessons from AI Research and Applications. Technical Report SS-06-08. AAAI Press. March 2006.</ref> and denotational semantics of concurrency<ref name="hewitt2006">Carl Hewitt COIN@AAMAS. April 27, 2006.</ref> with his students and colleagues. | ||
| ⚫ | Subsequently Hewitt has worked to integrate ], ], organization science, the ], and services science into ].<ref name="hewitt2006"/> | ||
| ⚫ | Subsequently Hewitt has worked to integrate ], ], organization science, the ], and services science into ] |
||
| He has an interest in massive concurrency.{{cite needed}} | He has an interest in massive concurrency.{{cite needed}} | ||
| == |
==References== | ||
| <div class="references-small"> | <div class="references-small"> | ||
| <references/> | <references/> | ||
| </div> | </div> | ||
| ==References== | |||
| *Manuel Blum and Carl Hewitt. ''Automata on a 2-Dimensional Tape'' FOCS 1967. | |||
| *Carl Hewitt. IJCAI. 1969. | |||
| *Mike Paterson and Carl Hewitt. ''Comparative Schematology'' MIT AI Memo 201. August 1970. | |||
| *Gerry Sussman and Terry Winograd. '''''' AI Memo No, 203, MIT Project MAC, July 1970. | |||
| *Carl Hewitt. ''Procedural Embedding of Knowledge In Planner'' IJCAI. 1971. | |||
| *Terry Winograd. '''''' MIT AI TR-235. January 1971. | |||
| *Carl Hewitt. ''Description and Theoretical Analysis (Using Schemata) of Planner, A Language for Proving Theorems and Manipulating Models in a Robot'' AI Memo No. 251, MIT Project MAC. April 1972. | |||
| *Carl Hewitt, Peter Bishop and Richard Steiger. ''A Universal Modular Actor Formalism for Artificial Intelligence'' IJCAI. 1973. | |||
| *Carl Hewitt, Peter Bishop, Irene Greif, Brian Smith, Todd Matson, Richard Steiger. ''Actor Induction and Meta-Evaluation'' POPL January 1974. | |||
| *Carl Hewitt, ''et. al.'' ''Behavioral semantics of nonrecursive control structures'' Symposium on Programming. 1974. | |||
| *Carl Hewitt and ] ''Laws for Communicating Parallel Processes'' IFIP-77, August 1977a. | |||
| *Carl Hewitt and ] Proceeding of IFIP Working Conference on Formal Description of Programming Concepts. August 1–5, 1977b. | |||
| *Henry Baker and Carl Hewitt Proceeding of the Symposium on Artificial Intelligence Programming Languages. SIGPLAN Notices 12, August, 1977c. | |||
| *Carl Hewitt and Russ Atkinson. ''Specification and Proof Techniques for Serializers'' IEEE Journal on Software Engineering. January, 1979. | |||
| *Carl Hewitt, Beppe Attardi, and Henry Lieberman. ''Delegation in Message Passing'' Proceedings of First International Conference on Distributed Systems Huntsville, AL. October, 1979. | |||
| *Carl Hewitt. ''Viewing Control Structures as Patterns of Passing Messages'' Journal of Artificial Intelligence. June, 1977. | |||
| *William Kornfeld and Carl Hewitt. MIT AI Memo 641. January, 1981. | |||
| *Henry Lieberman and Carl Hewitt. ''A real Time Garbage Collector Based on the Lifetimes of Objects'' ]. June, 1983. | |||
| *Carl Hewitt and Peter de Jong. ''Analyzing the Roles of Descriptions and Actions in Open Systems'' Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence. August 1983. | |||
| *Carl Hewitt. ''Offices Are Open Systems'' ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 4(3): 271-287 (1986). | |||
| *Henry Lieberman and Carl Hewitt. ''Design Issues in Parallel Architectures for Artificial Intelligence'' IEEE CompCon Conference, March 1984. | |||
| *Carl Hewitt. ''The Challenge of Open Systems'' Byte Magazine. April 1985. Reprinted in ''The foundation of artificial intelligence---a sourcebook'' Cambridge University Press. 1990. | |||
| *Carl Hewitt. ''Towards Open Information Systems Semantics'' Proceedings of 10th International Workshop on Distributed Artificial Intelligence. October 23–27, 1990. Bandera, Texas. | |||
| *Carl Hewitt. ''Open Information Systems Semantics'' Journal of Artificial Intelligence. January 1991. | |||
| *Carl Hewitt and Gul Agha. ''Guarded Horn clause languages: are they deductive and Logical?'' International Conference on Fifth Generation Computer Systems, Ohmsha 1988. Tokyo. Also in ''Artificial Intelligence at MIT'', Vol. 2. MIT Press 1991. | |||
| *Carl Hewitt and Jeff Inman. ''DAI Betwixt and Between: From ‘Intelligent Agents’ to Open Systems Science'' IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. Nov. /Dec. 1991. | |||
| *Carl Hewitt and Carl Manning. ''Negotiation Architecture for Large-Scale Crisis Management'' AAAI-94 Workshop on Models of Conflict Management in Cooperative Problem Solving. Seattle, WA. August 4, 1994. | |||
| *Carl E. Hewitt. ''From Contexts to Negotiation Forums'' AAAI Symposium on Formalizing Context. November 10–11, 1995. Cambridge Mass. | |||
| *Carl Hewitt and Carl Manning. ''Synthetic Infrastructures for Multi-Agency Systems'' Proceedings of ICMAS '96. Kyoto, Japan. December 8–13, 1996. | |||
| *Carl Hewitt (2006a). ''The repeated demise of logic programming and why it will be reincarnated'' What Went Wrong and Why: Lessons from AI Research and Applications. Technical Report SS-06-08. AAAI Press. March 2006. | |||
| *Carl Hewitt (2006b) COIN@AAMAS. April 27, 2006. | |||
| ==External links== | ==External links== | ||
Revision as of 03:41, 22 April 2007
| Carl Hewitt | |
|---|---|
| File:Carl Hewitt (FLoC 2006).jpgCarl Hewitt at FLoC 2006 | |
| Nationality |  American |
| Alma mater | MIT |
| Known for | Planner Actor model Open Systems Scientific Community Metaphor Organizational Computing |
| Awards | IBM Japan Chair at Keio |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Education Mathematics Computer Science Logic Philosophy and Sociology of Science |
| Institutions | MIT (Emeritus) |
| Doctoral advisor | Seymour Papert |
| Doctoral students | Gul Agha Russ Athkinson Henry Baker Gerry Barber Peter Bishop Will Clinger Peter de Jong Irene Greif Kenneth Kahn Bill Kornfeld Aki Yonezawa |
.jpg){kind=link}
Carl E. Hewitt is an Associate Professor (Emeritus) in the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science department at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Hewitt obtained his PhD in mathematics at MIT in 1971, under the supervision of Seymour Papert, Marvin Minsky, and Mike Paterson. He is known for his design of Planner,, which was the first Artificial Intelligence programming language based on procedural plans that were invoked using pattern-directed invocation from assertions and goals, and his work on the Actor model of computation.
Hewitt's work on Planner introduced the notion of the "procedural embedding of knowledge",, which was an alternative to the logical approach to knowledge encoding for artificial intelligence pioneered by John McCarthy. A subset of Planner called Micro Planner was implemented by Gerry Sussman, Eugene Charniak and Terry Winograd. It was used in Winograd's famous SHRDLU program, and Eugene Charniak's natural language story understanding work.
Hewitt's work on the Actor model built on Lisp, Simula, capability-based systems, packet switching and early versions of Smalltalk, and was influential in the development of the Scheme programming language
Using program schemas in collaboration with Mike Paterson, Hewitt proved that recursion is more powerful than iteration and that parallelism is more powerful than recursion. In collaboration with Henry Baker, he published physical laws for computation which they then used to derive the continuity criterion for computable functions of Dana Scott.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). He has also made contributions in the areas of garbage collection, programming language design and implementation, open systems, Organizational Computing, paraconsistent logic, and denotational semantics of concurrency with his students and colleagues.
Subsequently Hewitt has worked to integrate sociology, anthropology, organization science, the philosophy of science, and services science into information science.
He has an interest in massive concurrency.
References
- Kay, Alan (March 1993). "The Early History of Smalltalk" (PDF). ACM SIGPLAN. 28 (3): 69–75.
...Carl Hewitt's PLANNER, a programmable logic system that formed the deductive basis of Winograd's SHRDLU...
- Carl Hewitt. PLANNER: A Language for Proving Theorems in Robots IJCAI. 1969.
- Mike Paterson and Carl Hewitt. Comparative Schematology MIT AI Memo 201. August 1970.
- Filman, Robert (1984). "Actors". Coordinated Computing - Tools and Techniques for Distributed Software. McGraw-Hill. pp. pp. 145. ISBN 0-07-022439-0.
Carl Hewitt and his colleagues at M.I.T. are developing the Actor model.
{{cite book}}:|pages=has extra text (help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help); line feed character in|title=at position 25 (help) - Carl Hewitt. Procedural Embedding of Knowledge In Planner IJCAI. 1971.
- Gerry Sussman and Terry Winograd. Micro-planner Reference Manual AI Memo No, 203, MIT Project MAC, July 1970.
- Terry Winograd. Procedures as a Representation for Data in a Computer Program for Understanding Natural Language MIT AI TR-235. January 1971.
- Carl Hewitt, Peter Bishop and Richard Steiger. A Universal Modular Actor Formalism for Artificial Intelligence IJCAI. 1973.
- Krishnamurthi, Shriram (December 1994). "An Introduction to Scheme". Crossroads. 1 (2).
- Mike Paterson and Carl Hewitt. Comparative Schematology MIT AI Memo 201. August 1970.
- Carl Hewitt and Henry Baker Laws for Communicating Parallel Processes IFIP-77, August 1977
- Henry Lieberman and Carl Hewitt. A real Time Garbage Collector Based on the Lifetimes of Objects CACM. June, 1983.
- Carl Hewitt. The Challenge of Open Systems Byte Magazine. April 1985. Reprinted in The foundation of artificial intelligence---a sourcebook Cambridge University Press. 1990.
- Carl Hewitt (2006a). The repeated demise of logic programming and why it will be reincarnated What Went Wrong and Why: Lessons from AI Research and Applications. Technical Report SS-06-08. AAAI Press. March 2006.
- ^ Carl Hewitt What is Commitment? Physical, Organizational, and Social COIN@AAMAS. April 27, 2006.
External links
- DBLP has an incomplete set of bibliographic entries for Carl Hewitt that extends only to 1993.
- Future and Recent Hewitt seminars.