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= C10orf95 = = C10orf95 =
⚫ Chromosome 10 ] 95 is a ] that in humans is encoded by the c10orf95 ].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=C10orf95 chromosome 10 open reading frame 95 - Gene - NCBI |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/79946#bibliography |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |language=en}}</ref>
{{Infobox protein}}
⚫ Chromosome 10 ] 95 is a ] that in humans is encoded by the c10orf95 ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=C10orf95 chromosome 10 open reading frame 95 - Gene - NCBI |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/79946#bibliography |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |language=en}}</ref>


== Gene == == Gene ==
C10orf95 is located on ]. It has two ] and spans 1469 ]. C10orf95 is located at 10q24.32.<ref name=":0" /> It has two ] and spans 1490 ].<ref name=":0" /> No splice ] or variants are known.


== Protein == == Protein ==


=== Structure === === Structure ===
The c10orf95 protein structure consists of one ] and five ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=iCn3D: Web-based 3D Structure Viewer |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/icn3d/ |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref> The alpha helix is in a region of the ] sequence that is conserved all the way from ] to ]. No ] exist.
There are no known ] of c10orf95.


=== Predicted Properties === === Properties ===
⚫ * ]: 23.9kDal
The following properties of c10orf95 were predicted using bioinformatic analysis:
⚫ * Interactions: NUS1, ]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=STRING: functional protein association networks |url=https://string-db.org/ |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=string-db.org}}</ref>

⚫ * ]:
⚫ * Interactions: NUS1, ] <ref>{{Cite web |title=3 items (human) - STRING interaction network |url=https://string-db.org/cgi/network?taskId=bL7TeuCO7BQ3&sessionId=b3eXyza2QTMy |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=string-db.org}}</ref>
* Minus Strand <ref>https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=C10orf95</ref> * Minus Strand <ref>https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=C10orf95</ref>

== Gene Level Regulation ==


=== Tissue Distribution === === Tissue Distribution ===
C10orf95 has ubiquitous expression at low levels in most ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=C10orf95 chromosome 10 open reading frame 95 - Gene - NCBI |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?LinkName=protein_gene&from_uid=1391723683 |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |language=en}}</ref> However, there is higher expression in ] and ] tissue. C10orf95 has moderate ubiquitous expression at low levels in most ].<ref name=":0" /> However, there is higher expression in ] and ] tissue when compared to other tissues.

== Protein Level Regulation ==

=== Subcellular Localization ===
The c10orf95 protein is likely to be localized to the ] due to the presence of multiple ] within the amino acid sequence.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PSORT II Prediction |url=https://psort.hgc.jp/form2.html |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=psort.hgc.jp}}</ref>

=== Post Translational Modification ===
There is a ] located from amino acid 1 to 37 and a cleavage site between amino acid 37 and 38. Five important ] exist due to their conservation among ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=NetPhos 3.1 - DTU Health Tech - Bioinformatic Services |url=https://services.healthtech.dtu.dk/services/NetPhos-3.1/ |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=services.healthtech.dtu.dk}}</ref> ] and ] were the most commonly phosphorylated amino acids.


== Homology == == Homology ==
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=== Orthologs === === Orthologs ===
The table below shows ] sequences first sorted by increasing median date of divergence in millions of years ago (MYA) followed by percent sequence identity to the human protein. The most distantly related species to humans are ] (excluding fungi, bacteria, plants) with the furthest median date of divergence being 686 MYA and the average sequence identity being 18.5%. Conversely, the closest related species to humans are other ] with the closest date of divergence being 87 MYA and the average sequence identity being 57.8%. In between there are ], ], ], and ] that are moderately related with average sequence identities being 34.25%, 31%, 29.67%, and 31.3% respectively. The table below shows ortholog sequences first sorted by increasing median date of divergence in millions of years ago (MYA) followed by percent sequence identity to the human protein. The most distantly related species to humans are invertebrates (excluding fungi, bacteria, plants) with the furthest median date of divergence being 686 MYA and the average sequence identity being 18.5%. Conversely, the closest related species to humans are other mammals with the closest date of divergence being 87 MYA and the average sequence identity being 57.8%. In between there are ], ], ], and ] that are moderately related with average sequence identities being 34.25%, 31%, 29.67%, and 31.3% respectively. ]

==== Table of c10orf95 Orthologs ====
]


=== Rate of Evolution === === Rate of Evolution ===
C10orf95 is estimated to have first appeared in invertebrates about 686 million years ago. Very limited invertebrates had the protein with it only being found in ] and a variety of snails. The most distantly related species to humans with c10orf95 is the ] that has no ] based on an NCBI search. The c10orf95 gene appears to evolve fairly quickly based off of the graph that demonstrates it evolving well above ] and just below ] C10orf95 is estimated to have first appeared in invertebrates about 686 million years ago. Very limited invertebrates had the protein with it only being found in ] and a variety of snails. The most distantly related species to humans with c10orf95 is the ] that has no isoforms. The c10orf95 gene appears to evolve fairly quickly based off of similarity to ] evolution.

]
== Interacting Proteins<ref name=":1" /> ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
{| class="wikitable"
|Protein
|Interaction Type
|Detection Method
|Interacting Protein Function
|Score
|-
|DDX39A

(DExD-box helicase 39A)
|Physical Association
|Anti-tag coimmunoprecipitation
|ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX39A; Involved in pre-mRNA splicing. Required for the export of mRNA out of the nucleus; Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DECD subfamily.
|0.292
|-
|NUS1

(nuclear undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase 1)
|Physical Association
|Anti-tag coimmunoprecipitation
|This gene encodes a type I single transmembrane domain receptor, which is a subunit of cis-prenyltransferase, and serves as a specific receptor for the neural and cardiovascular regulator Nogo-B. The encoded protein is essential for dolichol synthesis and protein glycosylation.
|0.292
|}
|}

== Clinical Significance ==
One study done on ] found that c10orf95 was downregulated in the peripheral blood of asthmatics.<ref>{{Citation |last=Kay |first=S. |title=Sex-Specific Gene Expression in the Sputum of Patients with Asthma |date=2021-05-01 |work=TP8. TP008 OMICS STUDIES IN OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAYS DISEASE |pages=A1383–A1383 |url=https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_MeetingAbstracts.A1383 |access-date=2024-12-05 |series=American Thoracic Society International Conference Abstracts |publisher=American Thoracic Society |doi=10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a1383 |last2=Chupp |first2=G.l. |last3=Gomez |first3=J.l.}}</ref> Additionally, c10orf95 was listed as a commonly downregulated gene between the severe versus normal asthma and severe versus mild groups.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alrashoudi |first=R.H. |last2=Crane |first2=I. J. |last3=Wilson |first3=H.M. |last4=Al-Alwan |first4=Monther |last5=Alajez |first5=N.M. |date=2018-11-07 |title=Gene expression data analysis identifies multiple deregulated pathways in patients with asthma |url=https://portlandpress.com/bioscirep/article/38/6/BSR20180548/98217/Gene-expression-data-analysis-identifies-multiple |journal=Bioscience Reports |volume=38 |issue=6 |pages=BSR20180548 |doi=10.1042/BSR20180548 |issn=0144-8463 |pmc=PMC6239274 |pmid=30038057}}</ref> Another study has identified ] S39I as a variant connected to an increased risk of late onset ] disease.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Grupe |first=Andrew |last2=Li |first2=Yonghong |last3=Rowland |first3=Charles |last4=Nowotny |first4=Petra |last5=Hinrichs |first5=Anthony L. |last6=Smemo |first6=Scott |last7=Kauwe |first7=John S. K. |last8=Maxwell |first8=Taylor J. |last9=Cherny |first9=Sara |last10=Doil |first10=Lisa |last11=Tacey |first11=Kristina |last12=Luchene |first12=Ryan van |last13=Myers |first13=Amanda |last14=Vrièze |first14=Fabienne Wavrant-De |last15=Kaleem |first15=Mona |date=2006-01-01 |title=A Scan of Chromosome 10 Identifies a Novel Locus Showing Strong Association with Late-Onset Alzheimer Disease |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002929707608076 |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |language=English |volume=78 |issue=1 |pages=78–88 |doi=10.1086/498851 |issn=0002-9297 |pmc=PMC1380225 |pmid=16385451}}</ref>


== References == == References ==

Revision as of 03:34, 5 December 2024

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C10orf95

Chromosome 10 open reading frame 95 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the c10orf95 gene.

Gene

C10orf95 is located at 10q24.32. It has two exons and spans 1490 base pairs. No splice isoforms or variants are known.

Protein

Structure

The c10orf95 protein structure consists of one alpha helix and five beta sheets. The alpha helix is in a region of the amino acid sequence that is conserved all the way from mammals to invertebrates. No transmembrane domains exist.

Properties

Gene Level Regulation

Tissue Distribution

C10orf95 has moderate ubiquitous expression at low levels in most tissues. However, there is higher expression in lung and thyroid tissue when compared to other tissues.

Protein Level Regulation

Subcellular Localization

The c10orf95 protein is likely to be localized to the nucleus due to the presence of multiple nuclear localization signals within the amino acid sequence.

Post Translational Modification

There is a signal peptide located from amino acid 1 to 37 and a cleavage site between amino acid 37 and 38. Five important phosphorylation sites exist due to their conservation among orthologs. Serine and threonine were the most commonly phosphorylated amino acids.

Homology

Paralogs

There are no known paralogs.

Orthologs

The table below shows ortholog sequences first sorted by increasing median date of divergence in millions of years ago (MYA) followed by percent sequence identity to the human protein. The most distantly related species to humans are invertebrates (excluding fungi, bacteria, plants) with the furthest median date of divergence being 686 MYA and the average sequence identity being 18.5%. Conversely, the closest related species to humans are other mammals with the closest date of divergence being 87 MYA and the average sequence identity being 57.8%. In between there are reptiles, birds, amphibians, and bony fish that are moderately related with average sequence identities being 34.25%, 31%, 29.67%, and 31.3% respectively.

Rate of Evolution

C10orf95 is estimated to have first appeared in invertebrates about 686 million years ago. Very limited invertebrates had the protein with it only being found in lancelets and a variety of snails. The most distantly related species to humans with c10orf95 is the bladder snail that has no isoforms. The c10orf95 gene appears to evolve fairly quickly based off of similarity to Fibrinogen alpha evolution.

Interacting Proteins

Protein Interaction Type Detection Method Interacting Protein Function Score
DDX39A

(DExD-box helicase 39A)

Physical Association Anti-tag coimmunoprecipitation ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX39A; Involved in pre-mRNA splicing. Required for the export of mRNA out of the nucleus; Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DECD subfamily. 0.292
NUS1

(nuclear undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase 1)

Physical Association Anti-tag coimmunoprecipitation This gene encodes a type I single transmembrane domain receptor, which is a subunit of cis-prenyltransferase, and serves as a specific receptor for the neural and cardiovascular regulator Nogo-B. The encoded protein is essential for dolichol synthesis and protein glycosylation. 0.292

Clinical Significance

One study done on asthma found that c10orf95 was downregulated in the peripheral blood of asthmatics. Additionally, c10orf95 was listed as a commonly downregulated gene between the severe versus normal asthma and severe versus mild groups. Another study has identified SNP S39I as a variant connected to an increased risk of late onset Alzheimer's disease.

References

  1. ^ "C10orf95 chromosome 10 open reading frame 95 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-09-21.
  2. "iCn3D: Web-based 3D Structure Viewer". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-12-05.
  3. ^ "STRING: functional protein association networks". string-db.org. Retrieved 2024-12-05.
  4. https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=C10orf95
  5. "PSORT II Prediction". psort.hgc.jp. Retrieved 2024-12-05.
  6. "NetPhos 3.1 - DTU Health Tech - Bioinformatic Services". services.healthtech.dtu.dk. Retrieved 2024-12-05.
  7. Kay, S.; Chupp, G.l.; Gomez, J.l. (2021-05-01), "Sex-Specific Gene Expression in the Sputum of Patients with Asthma", TP8. TP008 OMICS STUDIES IN OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAYS DISEASE, American Thoracic Society International Conference Abstracts, American Thoracic Society, pp. A1383 – A1383, doi:10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a1383, retrieved 2024-12-05
  8. Alrashoudi, R.H.; Crane, I. J.; Wilson, H.M.; Al-Alwan, Monther; Alajez, N.M. (2018-11-07). "Gene expression data analysis identifies multiple deregulated pathways in patients with asthma". Bioscience Reports. 38 (6): BSR20180548. doi:10.1042/BSR20180548. ISSN 0144-8463. PMC 6239274. PMID 30038057.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
  9. Grupe, Andrew; Li, Yonghong; Rowland, Charles; Nowotny, Petra; Hinrichs, Anthony L.; Smemo, Scott; Kauwe, John S. K.; Maxwell, Taylor J.; Cherny, Sara; Doil, Lisa; Tacey, Kristina; Luchene, Ryan van; Myers, Amanda; Vrièze, Fabienne Wavrant-De; Kaleem, Mona (2006-01-01). "A Scan of Chromosome 10 Identifies a Novel Locus Showing Strong Association with Late-Onset Alzheimer Disease". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (1): 78–88. doi:10.1086/498851. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 1380225. PMID 16385451.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)