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= C10orf95 = = C10orf95 =
Chromosome 10 ] 95 is a ] that in humans is encoded by the c10orf95 ].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=C10orf95 chromosome 10 open reading frame 95 - Gene - NCBI |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/79946#bibliography |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |language=en}}</ref> Chromosome 10 ] 95 is a ] that in humans is encoded by the c10orf95 ].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=C10orf95 chromosome 10 open reading frame 95 - Gene - NCBI |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/79946#bibliography |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |language=en}}</ref>
]


== Gene == == Gene ==
C10orf95 is located at 10q24.32.<ref name=":0" /> It has two ] and spans 1490 ].<ref name=":0" /> No splice ] or variants are known. C10orf95 is located at 10q24.32.<ref name=":0" /> It has two ] and spans 1907 ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=User Sequence vs Genomic |url=https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgc?o=102449836&g=htcUserAli&i=../trash/hgSs/hgSs_genome_5b82_9f7940.pslx+../trash/hgSs/hgSs_genome_5b82_9f7940.fa+YourSeq&c=chr10&l=102449836&r=102451543&db=hg38&hgsid=2397070439_eQ9PTAo2S1xzLFdUNVQEGCgYMp2h |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=genome.ucsc.edu}}</ref> No splice ] or variants are known.

=== Gene Neighborhood ===
The gene neighborhood of c10orf95 consists of c10orf95 ] 1 (c10orf95-AS1), CUE domain containing 2 (CUEDC2), ] domain containing 13A (MFSD13A), and ] related protein 1A (]).<ref name=":0" /> The CUEDC2 gene enables ] binding activity and is involved in ] production in ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=CUEDC2 CUE domain containing 2 - Gene - NCBI |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/79004 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |language=en}}</ref> The MFSD13A gene is located in the ] but does not have a defined function.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MFSD13A major facilitator superfamily domain containing 13A - Gene - NCBI |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/79847 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |language=en}}</ref> The ACTR1A gene encodes for a subunit of ] that binds to both ] and cytoplasmic ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACTR1A actin related protein 1A - Gene - NCBI |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/10121 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |language=en}}</ref>


== Protein == == Protein ==


=== Structure === === Structure ===
The c10orf95 protein structure consists of one ] and five ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=iCn3D: Web-based 3D Structure Viewer |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/icn3d/ |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref> The alpha helix is in a region of the ] sequence that is conserved all the way from ] to ]. No ] exist. ]
The c10orf95 protein structure consists of one ] and five ]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=iCn3D: Web-based 3D Structure Viewer |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/icn3d/ |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref> The alpha helix is in a region of the ] sequence that is conserved all the way from ] to ]. No ] exist.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Protter - interactive protein feature visualization |url=https://wlab.ethz.ch/protter/start/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241130090611/https://wlab.ethz.ch/protter/start/ |archive-date=2024-11-30 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=wlab.ethz.ch}}</ref> Compared to other human proteins, c10orf95 is ] rich.


=== Properties === === Properties ===
* ]: 23.9kDal <ref>{{Cite web |title=SAPS |url=https://www.ebi.ac.uk/jdispatcher/seqstats/saps |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=www.ebi.ac.uk}}</ref>
* ]: 23.9kDal
* Interactions: NUS1, ]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=STRING: functional protein association networks |url=https://string-db.org/ |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=string-db.org}}</ref> * Interactions: NUS1, ] <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=STRING: functional protein association networks |url=https://string-db.org/ |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=string-db.org}}</ref>
* Minus Strand <ref>https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=C10orf95</ref> * Minus Strand <ref>https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=C10orf95</ref>


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=== Tissue Distribution === === Tissue Distribution ===
C10orf95 has moderate ubiquitous expression at low levels in most ].<ref name=":0" /> However, there is higher expression in ] and ] tissue when compared to other tissues. C10orf95 has moderate ubiquitous expression at low levels in most ].<ref name=":0" /> However, there is higher expression in ] tissue when compared to other tissues. The fetal heart at 10 weeks has moderately high expression that quickly decreases to almost no expression at 20 weeks gestation.


== Protein Level Regulation == == Protein Level Regulation ==
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== Homology == == Homology ==
]

=== Paralogs ===
There are no known ].


=== Orthologs === === Orthologs ===
The table below shows ortholog sequences first sorted by increasing median date of divergence in millions of years ago (MYA) followed by percent sequence identity to the human protein. The most distantly related species to humans are invertebrates (excluding fungi, bacteria, plants) with the furthest median date of divergence being 686 MYA and the average sequence identity being 18.5%. Conversely, the closest related species to humans are other mammals with the closest date of divergence being 87 MYA and the average sequence identity being 57.8%. In between there are ], ], ], and ] that are moderately related with average sequence identities being 34.25%, 31%, 29.67%, and 31.3% respectively. ] The table below shows ortholog sequences first sorted by increasing median date of divergence in millions of years ago (MYA) followed by percent sequence identity to the human protein. The most distantly related species to humans are invertebrates (excluding fungi, bacteria, plants) with the furthest median date of divergence being 686 MYA and the average sequence identity being 18.5%. Conversely, the closest related species to humans are other mammals with the closest date of divergence being 87 MYA and the average sequence identity being 57.8%. In between there are ], ], ], and ] that are moderately related with average sequence identities being 34.25%, 31%, 29.67%, and 31.3% respectively. There are no known ].

=== Rate of Evolution ===
C10orf95 is estimated to have first appeared in invertebrates about 686 million years ago. Very limited invertebrates had the protein with it only being found in ] and a variety of snails. The most distantly related species to humans with c10orf95 is the ] that has no isoforms. The c10orf95 gene appears to evolve fairly quickly based off of similarity to ] evolution.

== Interacting Proteins<ref name=":1" /> ==
{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
!Genus/Species
|+
!Common Name
!
!Taxonomic Order
{| class="wikitable"
!Date of Divergence (MYA)
|Protein
!Accession Number
|Interaction Type
!Sequence Length (aa)
|Detection Method
!Sequence Identity
|Interacting Protein Function
!Sequence Similarity
|Score
|- |-
|''Homo sapiens''
|DDX39A
|Human

|Primate
(DExD-box helicase 39A)
|0
|Physical Association
|NP_001350509.1
|Anti-tag coimmunoprecipitation
|213
|ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX39A; Involved in pre-mRNA splicing. Required for the export of mRNA out of the nucleus; Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DECD subfamily.
|100%
|0.292
|100%
|- |-
|''Oryctolagus cuniculus''
|NUS1
|European Rabbit

|Lagomorpha
(nuclear undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase 1)
|87
|Physical Association
|XP_051679518.1
|Anti-tag coimmunoprecipitation
|217
|This gene encodes a type I single transmembrane domain receptor, which is a subunit of cis-prenyltransferase, and serves as a specific receptor for the neural and cardiovascular regulator Nogo-B. The encoded protein is essential for dolichol synthesis and protein glycosylation.
|65%
|0.292
|} |70%
|-
|''Tursiops truncatus''
|Common Bottlenose Dolphin
|Artiodactyla
|94
|XP_033698270.1
|219
|61%
|65%
|-
|''Prionailurus bengalensis''
|Leopard Cat
|Carnivora
|94
|XP_043452052.1
|219
|62%
|66%
|-
|''Diceros bicornis minor''
|South-central Black Rhinoceros
|Perissodactyla
|94
|XP_058399863.1
|211
|66%
|71%
|-
|''Phascolarctos cinereus''
|Koala
|Diprotodontia
|160
|XP_020823116.1
|212
|33%
|47%
|-
|''Tyto alba''
|Barn Owl
|Strigiformes
|319
|XP_032844583.1
|218
|28%
|46%
|-
|''Rhea pennata''
|Darwin's Rhea
|Rheiformes
|319
|XP_062436384.1
|224
|31%
|48%
|-
|''Melanerpes formicivorous''
|Acorn Woodpecker
|Piciformes
|319
|XP_067995321.1
|224
|34%
|52%
|-
|''Ahaetulla prasina''
|Asian Vine Snake
|Squamata
|319
|XP_058044567
|216
|32%
|49%
|-
|''Alligator mississippiensis''
|American Alligator
|Crocodilia
|319
|XP_014451110.1
|223
|34%
|47%
|-
|''Caretta caretta''
|Loggerhead Sea Turtle
|Testudines
|319
|XP_048714142.1
|223
|35%
|49%
|-
|''Eublepharis macularius''
|Leopard Gecko
|Squamata
|319
|XP_054839650.1
|214
|36%
|48%
|-
|''Rhinatrema bivittatum''
|Two-lined Caecilian
|Caecilians
|352
|XP_029466125.1
|215
|29%
|46%
|-
|''Pleurodeles waltl''
|Iberian Ribbed Newt
|Urodela
|352
|KAJ1140798.1
|187
|29%
|44%
|-
|''Hyperolius riggenbachi''
|Riggenbach's Reed Frog
|Anura
|352
|XP_068115078.1
|216
|31%
|44%
|-
|''Erpetoichthys calabaricus''
|Reedfish
|Polypteriformes
|429
|XP_028651575.1
|215
|29%
|44%
|-
|''Salvelinus fontinalis''
|Brook Trout
|Salmoniformes
|429
|XP_055757593.1
|221
|30%
|45%
|-
|''Mobula hypostoma''
|Lesser Devil Ray
|Myliobatiformes
|462
|XP_062927344.1
|201
|35%
|49%
|-
|''Branchiostoma lanceolatum''
|European Lancelet
|Amphioxiformes
|581
|CAH1258412.1
|287
|16%
|26%
|-
|''Physella acuta''
|Bladder Snail
|Basommatophora
|686
|XP_059175428.1
|289
|21%
|29%
|} |}
] and fibrinogen alpha. ]]

=== Rate of Evolution ===
C10orf95 is estimated to have first appeared in invertebrates about 686 million years ago. Very limited invertebrates had the protein with it only being found in ] and a variety of snails. The most distantly related species to humans with c10orf95 is the ] that has no isoforms. The c10orf95 gene appears to evolve fairly quickly based off of similarity to ] evolution.

== Interacting Proteins<ref name=":1" /> ==


== Clinical Significance == == Clinical Significance ==

Revision as of 21:41, 11 December 2024

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C10orf95

Chromosome 10 open reading frame 95 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the c10orf95 gene.

Gene neighborhood for c10orf95 that is located on human chromosome 10.

Gene

C10orf95 is located at 10q24.32. It has two exons and spans 1907 base pairs. No splice isoforms or variants are known.

Gene Neighborhood

The gene neighborhood of c10orf95 consists of c10orf95 antisense 1 (c10orf95-AS1), CUE domain containing 2 (CUEDC2), major facilitator superfamily domain containing 13A (MFSD13A), and actin related protein 1A (ACTR1A). The CUEDC2 gene enables ubiquitin binding activity and is involved in cytokine production in inflammatory responses. The MFSD13A gene is located in the plasma membrane but does not have a defined function. The ACTR1A gene encodes for a subunit of dynactin that binds to both microtubules and cytoplasmic dynein.

Protein

Structure

c10orf95 predicted tertiary structure based on secondary structure. The alpha helices and beta sheets appear in the teal color, while the rest of the protein consists of disordered regions.

The c10orf95 protein structure consists of one alpha helix and five beta sheets. The alpha helix is in a region of the amino acid sequence that is conserved all the way from mammals to invertebrates. No transmembrane domains exist. Compared to other human proteins, c10orf95 is arginine rich.

Properties

Gene Level Regulation

Tissue Distribution

C10orf95 has moderate ubiquitous expression at low levels in most tissues. However, there is higher expression in lung tissue when compared to other tissues. The fetal heart at 10 weeks has moderately high expression that quickly decreases to almost no expression at 20 weeks gestation.

Protein Level Regulation

Subcellular Localization

The c10orf95 protein is likely to be localized to the nucleus due to the presence of multiple nuclear localization signals within the amino acid sequence.

Post Translational Modification

There is a signal peptide located from amino acid 1 to 37 and a cleavage site between amino acid 37 and 38. Five important phosphorylation sites exist due to their conservation among orthologs. Serine and threonine were the most commonly phosphorylated amino acids.

Homology

Phylogenetic tree for c10orf95 showing the divergence of species over time. Red is invertebrates, orange is bony fish, yellow is amphibians, green is birds, blue is reptiles, and purple is mammals.

Orthologs

The table below shows ortholog sequences first sorted by increasing median date of divergence in millions of years ago (MYA) followed by percent sequence identity to the human protein. The most distantly related species to humans are invertebrates (excluding fungi, bacteria, plants) with the furthest median date of divergence being 686 MYA and the average sequence identity being 18.5%. Conversely, the closest related species to humans are other mammals with the closest date of divergence being 87 MYA and the average sequence identity being 57.8%. In between there are reptiles, birds, amphibians, and bony fish that are moderately related with average sequence identities being 34.25%, 31%, 29.67%, and 31.3% respectively. There are no known paralogs.

Genus/Species Common Name Taxonomic Order Date of Divergence (MYA) Accession Number Sequence Length (aa) Sequence Identity Sequence Similarity
Homo sapiens Human Primate 0 NP_001350509.1 213 100% 100%
Oryctolagus cuniculus European Rabbit Lagomorpha 87 XP_051679518.1 217 65% 70%
Tursiops truncatus Common Bottlenose Dolphin Artiodactyla 94 XP_033698270.1 219 61% 65%
Prionailurus bengalensis Leopard Cat Carnivora 94 XP_043452052.1 219 62% 66%
Diceros bicornis minor South-central Black Rhinoceros Perissodactyla 94 XP_058399863.1 211 66% 71%
Phascolarctos cinereus Koala Diprotodontia 160 XP_020823116.1 212 33% 47%
Tyto alba Barn Owl Strigiformes 319 XP_032844583.1 218 28% 46%
Rhea pennata Darwin's Rhea Rheiformes 319 XP_062436384.1 224 31% 48%
Melanerpes formicivorous Acorn Woodpecker Piciformes 319 XP_067995321.1 224 34% 52%
Ahaetulla prasina Asian Vine Snake Squamata 319 XP_058044567 216 32% 49%
Alligator mississippiensis American Alligator Crocodilia 319 XP_014451110.1 223 34% 47%
Caretta caretta Loggerhead Sea Turtle Testudines 319 XP_048714142.1 223 35% 49%
Eublepharis macularius Leopard Gecko Squamata 319 XP_054839650.1 214 36% 48%
Rhinatrema bivittatum Two-lined Caecilian Caecilians 352 XP_029466125.1 215 29% 46%
Pleurodeles waltl Iberian Ribbed Newt Urodela 352 KAJ1140798.1 187 29% 44%
Hyperolius riggenbachi Riggenbach's Reed Frog Anura 352 XP_068115078.1 216 31% 44%
Erpetoichthys calabaricus Reedfish Polypteriformes 429 XP_028651575.1 215 29% 44%
Salvelinus fontinalis Brook Trout Salmoniformes 429 XP_055757593.1 221 30% 45%
Mobula hypostoma Lesser Devil Ray Myliobatiformes 462 XP_062927344.1 201 35% 49%
Branchiostoma lanceolatum European Lancelet Amphioxiformes 581 CAH1258412.1 287 16% 26%
Physella acuta Bladder Snail Basommatophora 686 XP_059175428.1 289 21% 29%
Human c10orf95 evolutionary history compared to the rates of human cytochrome c and fibrinogen alpha.

Rate of Evolution

C10orf95 is estimated to have first appeared in invertebrates about 686 million years ago. Very limited invertebrates had the protein with it only being found in lancelets and a variety of snails. The most distantly related species to humans with c10orf95 is the bladder snail that has no isoforms. The c10orf95 gene appears to evolve fairly quickly based off of similarity to fibrinogen alpha evolution.

Interacting Proteins

Clinical Significance

One study done on asthma found that c10orf95 was downregulated in the peripheral blood of asthmatics. Additionally, c10orf95 was listed as a commonly downregulated gene between the severe versus normal asthma and severe versus mild groups. Another study has identified SNP S39I as a variant connected to an increased risk of late onset Alzheimer's disease.

References

  1. ^ "C10orf95 chromosome 10 open reading frame 95 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-09-21.
  2. "User Sequence vs Genomic". genome.ucsc.edu. Retrieved 2024-12-11.
  3. "CUEDC2 CUE domain containing 2 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-12-11.
  4. "MFSD13A major facilitator superfamily domain containing 13A [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-12-11.
  5. "ACTR1A actin related protein 1A [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-12-11.
  6. "AlphaFold Protein Structure Database". alphafold.ebi.ac.uk. Retrieved 2024-12-11.
  7. ^ "iCn3D: Web-based 3D Structure Viewer". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-12-05.
  8. "Protter - interactive protein feature visualization". wlab.ethz.ch. Archived from the original on 2024-11-30. Retrieved 2024-12-11.
  9. "SAPS". www.ebi.ac.uk. Retrieved 2024-12-11.
  10. ^ "STRING: functional protein association networks". string-db.org. Retrieved 2024-12-05.
  11. https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=C10orf95
  12. "PSORT II Prediction". psort.hgc.jp. Retrieved 2024-12-05.
  13. "NetPhos 3.1 - DTU Health Tech - Bioinformatic Services". services.healthtech.dtu.dk. Retrieved 2024-12-05.
  14. Kay, S.; Chupp, G.l.; Gomez, J.l. (2021-05-01), "Sex-Specific Gene Expression in the Sputum of Patients with Asthma", TP8. TP008 OMICS STUDIES IN OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAYS DISEASE, American Thoracic Society International Conference Abstracts, American Thoracic Society, pp. A1383 – A1383, doi:10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a1383, retrieved 2024-12-05
  15. Alrashoudi, R.H.; Crane, I. J.; Wilson, H.M.; Al-Alwan, Monther; Alajez, N.M. (2018-11-07). "Gene expression data analysis identifies multiple deregulated pathways in patients with asthma". Bioscience Reports. 38 (6): BSR20180548. doi:10.1042/BSR20180548. ISSN 0144-8463. PMC 6239274. PMID 30038057.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
  16. Grupe, Andrew; Li, Yonghong; Rowland, Charles; Nowotny, Petra; Hinrichs, Anthony L.; Smemo, Scott; Kauwe, John S. K.; Maxwell, Taylor J.; Cherny, Sara; Doil, Lisa; Tacey, Kristina; Luchene, Ryan van; Myers, Amanda; Vrièze, Fabienne Wavrant-De; Kaleem, Mona (2006-01-01). "A Scan of Chromosome 10 Identifies a Novel Locus Showing Strong Association with Late-Onset Alzheimer Disease". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (1): 78–88. doi:10.1086/498851. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 1380225. PMID 16385451.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)