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| name = Kerekorio Manu Rangi | | name = Kerekorio Manu Rangi | ||
| succession = ''‘Ariki mau'' (]) | | succession = ''‘Ariki mau'' (]) | ||
| reign = |
| reign = January 1864 – October 1867 | ||
| predecessor = ] | | predecessor = ] | ||
| suc-type = {{nowrap|Successor}} | | suc-type = {{nowrap|Successor}} | ||
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Manu Rangi was born on ] between {{circa}} 1853 and {{circa}} 1855, a member of the ].<ref>{{Cite book|isbn=9780946897605|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Easter_Island_Studies/DlsaAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22%C3%8Ele+de+P%C3%A2ques%22&dq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22%C3%8Ele+de+P%C3%A2ques%22&printsec=frontcover|author=Fischer, Steven R.|title=Easter Island Studies: Contributions to the History of Rapanui in Memory of William T. Mulloy|page=64|publisher=]|date=1993}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|language=Spanish|title=Los últimos 'Ariki Mau y la evolución del poder político en Rapa Nui|trans-title=The last 'Ariki Mau and the evolution of political power in Rapa Nui|author=Moreno Pakarati, Cristián|date=2015|via=]|url=https://www.academia.edu/10020721/Los_%C3%BAltimos_Ariki_Mau_y_la_evoluci%C3%B3n_del_poder_pol%C3%ADtico_en_Rapa_Nui}}</ref> He was from the royal lineage of the ''‘ariki mau'' (]), which, according to Polynesian belief, "went back to the gods themselves."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-worlds-news/161341896/|newspaper=]|via=]|date=8 June 1938|page=6, |title=Gregorio, Easter Island's Boy King|author=Ramsden, Eric}} {{Open access}}</ref> According to Alfred Metraux, he was the grandson of ] and likely the son of ''‘ariki mau'' ], as well as a cousin of a previous king, {{ill|Maurata|fr}}; however, in ]'s book ''Island at the End of the World'', he listed Manu Rangi as a son of Maurata.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20702667|via=]|journal=]|volume=46|number=2|date=1937|author=Metraux, Alfred|pages=41–62|title=THE KINGS OF EASTER ISLAND: Kingship}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island|author=Fischer, Steven R.|isbn=9781861894168|date=June 2006|publisher=]|pages=91–92, 99, 101|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Island_at_the_End_of_the_World/vXjxAQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22easter%22&pg=PA91&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> His name, Manu Rangi, meant "Heavenly Bird," and he was also known by the name Rokoroko He Tau.<ref>{{Cite book|isbn=9780946897605|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Easter_Island_Studies/DlsaAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22%C3%8Ele+de+P%C3%A2ques%22&dq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22%C3%8Ele+de+P%C3%A2ques%22&printsec=frontcover|author=Fischer, Steven R.|title=Easter Island Studies: Contributions to the History of Rapanui in Memory of William T. Mulloy|page=64|publisher=]|date=1993}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island|author=Fischer, Steven R.|isbn=9781861894168|date=June 2006|publisher=]|pages=91–92, 99, 101|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Island_at_the_End_of_the_World/vXjxAQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22easter%22&pg=PA91&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> | Manu Rangi was born on ] between {{circa}} 1853 and {{circa}} 1855, a member of the ].<ref>{{Cite book|isbn=9780946897605|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Easter_Island_Studies/DlsaAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22%C3%8Ele+de+P%C3%A2ques%22&dq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22%C3%8Ele+de+P%C3%A2ques%22&printsec=frontcover|author=Fischer, Steven R.|title=Easter Island Studies: Contributions to the History of Rapanui in Memory of William T. Mulloy|page=64|publisher=]|date=1993}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|language=Spanish|title=Los últimos 'Ariki Mau y la evolución del poder político en Rapa Nui|trans-title=The last 'Ariki Mau and the evolution of political power in Rapa Nui|author=Moreno Pakarati, Cristián|date=2015|via=]|url=https://www.academia.edu/10020721/Los_%C3%BAltimos_Ariki_Mau_y_la_evoluci%C3%B3n_del_poder_pol%C3%ADtico_en_Rapa_Nui}}</ref> He was from the royal lineage of the ''‘ariki mau'' (]), which, according to Polynesian belief, "went back to the gods themselves."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-worlds-news/161341896/|newspaper=]|via=]|date=8 June 1938|page=6, |title=Gregorio, Easter Island's Boy King|author=Ramsden, Eric}} {{Open access}}</ref> According to Alfred Metraux, he was the grandson of ] and likely the son of ''‘ariki mau'' ], as well as a cousin of a previous king, {{ill|Maurata|fr}}; however, in ]'s book ''Island at the End of the World'', he listed Manu Rangi as a son of Maurata.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20702667|via=]|journal=]|volume=46|number=2|date=1937|author=Metraux, Alfred|pages=41–62|title=THE KINGS OF EASTER ISLAND: Kingship}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island|author=Fischer, Steven R.|isbn=9781861894168|date=June 2006|publisher=]|pages=91–92, 99, 101|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Island_at_the_End_of_the_World/vXjxAQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22easter%22&pg=PA91&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> His name, Manu Rangi, meant "Heavenly Bird," and he was also known by the name Rokoroko He Tau.<ref>{{Cite book|isbn=9780946897605|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Easter_Island_Studies/DlsaAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22%C3%8Ele+de+P%C3%A2ques%22&dq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22%C3%8Ele+de+P%C3%A2ques%22&printsec=frontcover|author=Fischer, Steven R.|title=Easter Island Studies: Contributions to the History of Rapanui in Memory of William T. Mulloy|page=64|publisher=]|date=1993}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island|author=Fischer, Steven R.|isbn=9781861894168|date=June 2006|publisher=]|pages=91–92, 99, 101|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Island_at_the_End_of_the_World/vXjxAQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22easter%22&pg=PA91&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> | ||
As a young boy, Manu Rangi was the ''atariki'', the heir apparent to the kingship of Easter Island.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island|author=Fischer, Steven R.|isbn=9781861894168|date=June 2006|publisher=]|pages=91–92, 99, 101|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Island_at_the_End_of_the_World/vXjxAQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22easter%22&pg=PA91&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> During his life, the island's population was decimated by slave raids and disease, and in late December 1862, sailors on the Peruvian ship ''Cora'' kidnapped several people from Easter Island including Manu Rangi.<ref>{{Cite book|isbn=9780946897605|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Easter_Island_Studies/DlsaAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22%C3%8Ele+de+P%C3%A2ques%22&dq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22%C3%8Ele+de+P%C3%A2ques%22&printsec=frontcover|author=Fischer, Steven R.|title=Easter Island Studies: Contributions to the History of Rapanui in Memory of William T. Mulloy|page=64|publisher=]|date=1993}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island|author=Fischer, Steven R.|isbn=9781861894168|date=June 2006|publisher=]|pages=91–92, 99, 101|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Island_at_the_End_of_the_World/vXjxAQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22easter%22&pg=PA91&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> He was about eight years old at the time.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island|author=Fischer, Steven R.|isbn=9781861894168|date=June 2006|publisher=]|pages=91–92, 99, 101|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Island_at_the_End_of_the_World/vXjxAQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22easter%22&pg=PA91&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> | As a young boy, Manu Rangi was the ''atariki'', the heir apparent to the kingship of Easter Island.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island|author=Fischer, Steven R.|isbn=9781861894168|date=June 2006|publisher=]|pages=91–92, 99, 101|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Island_at_the_End_of_the_World/vXjxAQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22easter%22&pg=PA91&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> During his life, the island's population was decimated by slave raids and disease, and in late December 1862, sailors on the Peruvian ship ''Cora'' kidnapped several people from Easter Island including Manu Rangi.<ref>{{Cite book|isbn=9780946897605|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Easter_Island_Studies/DlsaAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22%C3%8Ele+de+P%C3%A2ques%22&dq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22%C3%8Ele+de+P%C3%A2ques%22&printsec=frontcover|author=Fischer, Steven R.|title=Easter Island Studies: Contributions to the History of Rapanui in Memory of William T. Mulloy|page=64|publisher=]|date=1993}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island|author=Fischer, Steven R.|isbn=9781861894168|date=June 2006|publisher=]|pages=91–92, 99, 101|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Island_at_the_End_of_the_World/vXjxAQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22easter%22&pg=PA91&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> He was about eight years old at the time.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island|author=Fischer, Steven R.|isbn=9781861894168|date=June 2006|publisher=]|pages=91–92, 99, 101|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Island_at_the_End_of_the_World/vXjxAQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22easter%22&pg=PA91&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> After the ship raided Easter Island, it sailed to ] in the ] to take more "immigrants."<ref>{{Cite book|title=Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island|author=Fischer, Steven R.|isbn=9781861894168|date=June 2006|publisher=]|pages=91–92, 99, 101|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Island_at_the_End_of_the_World/vXjxAQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22easter%22&pg=PA91&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> Those in Rapa took over the boat and sailed to ].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island|author=Fischer, Steven R.|isbn=9781861894168|date=June 2006|publisher=]|pages=91–92, 99, 101|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Island_at_the_End_of_the_World/vXjxAQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22easter%22&pg=PA91&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> The Easter Islanders and the Rapans discussed with each other and compared geographical notes, leading to the discovery that Rapa ("Extremity") in the Australs was less remote than Rapa – Easter Island, which led to the Austral island being renamed ''Rapa ‘Iti'' ("Lesser Extremity") while Easter Island became ''Rapa Nui'' ("Greater Extremity").<ref>{{Cite book|title=Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island|author=Fischer, Steven R.|isbn=9781861894168|date=June 2006|publisher=]|pages=91–92, 99, 101|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Island_at_the_End_of_the_World/vXjxAQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22easter%22&pg=PA91&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> Manu Rangi and his fellow islanders were able to return to Easter Island and arrived in January 1864, with him becoming the new ''‘ariki mau'' upon arrival.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island|author=Fischer, Steven R.|isbn=9781861894168|date=June 2006|publisher=]|pages=91–92, 99, 101|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Island_at_the_End_of_the_World/vXjxAQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22easter%22&pg=PA91&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> Manu Rangi, as ''‘ariki mau'', declared the change of the name to ''Rapa Nui''.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island|author=Fischer, Steven R.|isbn=9781861894168|date=June 2006|publisher=]|pages=91–92, 99, 101|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Island_at_the_End_of_the_World/vXjxAQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Manu+Rangi%22+%22easter%22&pg=PA91&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} |
Revision as of 17:53, 26 December 2024
‘Ariki mau (King of Easter Island)Kerekorio Manu Rangi | |
---|---|
‘Ariki mau (King of Easter Island) | |
Reign | January 1864 – October 1867 |
Predecessor | Tepito |
Successor | None |
Born | c. 1853/1855 Easter Island |
Died | October 1867 Easter Island |
Religion | Roman Catholicism |
Kerekorio Manu Rangi (c. 1853/1855 – October 1867), also known as Rokoroko He Tau and by his baptismal name Gregorio (Kerekorio), was the last undisputed ‘ariki mau, or King of Easter Island. He died as a child and left no heir, which ended the ‘ariki mau dynasty.
Biography
Manu Rangi was born on Easter Island between c. 1853 and c. 1855, a member of the Rapa Nui people. He was from the royal lineage of the ‘ariki mau (King of Easter Island), which, according to Polynesian belief, "went back to the gods themselves." According to Alfred Metraux, he was the grandson of Ngaꞌara and likely the son of ‘ariki mau Tepito, as well as a cousin of a previous king, Maurata [fr]; however, in Steven Roger Fischer's book Island at the End of the World, he listed Manu Rangi as a son of Maurata. His name, Manu Rangi, meant "Heavenly Bird," and he was also known by the name Rokoroko He Tau.
As a young boy, Manu Rangi was the atariki, the heir apparent to the kingship of Easter Island. During his life, the island's population was decimated by slave raids and disease, and in late December 1862, sailors on the Peruvian ship Cora kidnapped several people from Easter Island including Manu Rangi. He was about eight years old at the time. After the ship raided Easter Island, it sailed to Rapa in the Austral Islands to take more "immigrants." Those in Rapa took over the boat and sailed to Tahiti. The Easter Islanders and the Rapans discussed with each other and compared geographical notes, leading to the discovery that Rapa ("Extremity") in the Australs was less remote than Rapa – Easter Island, which led to the Austral island being renamed Rapa ‘Iti ("Lesser Extremity") while Easter Island became Rapa Nui ("Greater Extremity"). Manu Rangi and his fellow islanders were able to return to Easter Island and arrived in January 1864, with him becoming the new ‘ariki mau upon arrival. Manu Rangi, as ‘ariki mau, declared the change of the name to Rapa Nui.
References
- Fischer, Steven R. (1993). Easter Island Studies: Contributions to the History of Rapanui in Memory of William T. Mulloy. Oxbow Books. p. 64. ISBN 9780946897605.
- Moreno Pakarati, Cristián (2015). "Los últimos 'Ariki Mau y la evolución del poder político en Rapa Nui" [The last 'Ariki Mau and the evolution of political power in Rapa Nui] (in Spanish) – via Academia.edu.
- Ramsden, Eric (8 June 1938). "Gregorio, Easter Island's Boy King". The World's News. p. 6, 22 – via Newspapers.com.
- Metraux, Alfred (1937). "THE KINGS OF EASTER ISLAND: Kingship". The Journal of the Polynesian Society. 46 (2): 41–62 – via JSTOR.
- Fischer, Steven R. (June 2006). Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island. Reaktion Books. pp. 91–92, 99, 101. ISBN 9781861894168.
- Fischer, Steven R. (1993). Easter Island Studies: Contributions to the History of Rapanui in Memory of William T. Mulloy. Oxbow Books. p. 64. ISBN 9780946897605.
- Fischer, Steven R. (June 2006). Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island. Reaktion Books. pp. 91–92, 99, 101. ISBN 9781861894168.
- Fischer, Steven R. (June 2006). Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island. Reaktion Books. pp. 91–92, 99, 101. ISBN 9781861894168.
- Fischer, Steven R. (1993). Easter Island Studies: Contributions to the History of Rapanui in Memory of William T. Mulloy. Oxbow Books. p. 64. ISBN 9780946897605.
- Fischer, Steven R. (June 2006). Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island. Reaktion Books. pp. 91–92, 99, 101. ISBN 9781861894168.
- Fischer, Steven R. (June 2006). Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island. Reaktion Books. pp. 91–92, 99, 101. ISBN 9781861894168.
- Fischer, Steven R. (June 2006). Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island. Reaktion Books. pp. 91–92, 99, 101. ISBN 9781861894168.
- Fischer, Steven R. (June 2006). Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island. Reaktion Books. pp. 91–92, 99, 101. ISBN 9781861894168.
- Fischer, Steven R. (June 2006). Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island. Reaktion Books. pp. 91–92, 99, 101. ISBN 9781861894168.
- Fischer, Steven R. (June 2006). Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island. Reaktion Books. pp. 91–92, 99, 101. ISBN 9781861894168.
- Fischer, Steven R. (June 2006). Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island. Reaktion Books. pp. 91–92, 99, 101. ISBN 9781861894168.