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== History == == History ==
The term Shroug was used by the Sunni tribes of the Middle Euphrates to refer to the Shia tribes around ]. Shroug literally meant "easterners" and was sometimes used as a slur.<ref name="Wardi2">د.]. دراسة في طبيعة المجتمع العراقي. ص 135-136.</ref> The Sunni tribes of the Middle Euphrates tribes viewed the Shroug as having deviated from their Bedouin tributes and changed their traditions and customs.<ref>] (1920). الحقائق الناصعة في الثورة العراقية. ج 1، ص 22.</ref> The term Shroug was used by the Sunni tribes of the Middle Euphrates to refer to the Shia tribes around ]. Shroug literally meant "easterners" and was sometimes used as a slur.<ref name="Wardi2">د.]. دراسة في طبيعة المجتمع العراقي. ص 135-136.</ref><ref name=":0">التأثيل: مفهومه و مبادؤه و اقسامه - مقاربة في فكر اللسانيين العراقيين؛ ربيعي، بتول عبد الكاظم حمد؛ 2022؛ pp. 186</ref> The Sunni tribes of the Middle Euphrates tribes viewed the Shroug as having deviated from their Bedouin tributes and changed their traditions and customs.<ref>] (1920). الحقائق الناصعة في الثورة العراقية. ج 1، ص 22.</ref>


The misery and extreme poverty of the Shroug was one of the causes of the July 14, 1958 revolution. Their number in 1958 was estimated at about 100,000 people.<ref>]. العراق: الطبقات الاجتماعية والحركات الثورية من العهد العثماني حتى قيام الجمهورية. المجلد الأول، ص 70.</ref> The Shroug later increased their social prominence as they began migrating from the countryside to the cities.<ref name="Wardi2" /> Some Shroug also resided in the Marshes alongside the ].<ref>المفصل في تاريخ العرب قبل الإسلام / د. جواد علي / الجزء الأول – الفصول 1-40 / لفظة العرب</ref> Although the term Shroug initially referred to Amara District, it later was used to refer to Shia Arabs from Southern and Southeastern Iraq.<ref>صالح الشالجي، باب شرق بغداد، مجلة آفاق عربية، ديسمبر 1979</ref> Others claimed that the term Shroug came from "Sharubak", meaning "the natives" in Sumerian.<ref name="مولد تلقائيا1" /> The misery and extreme poverty of the Shroug was one of the causes of the July 14, 1958 revolution. Their number in 1958 was estimated at about 100,000 people.<ref>]. العراق: الطبقات الاجتماعية والحركات الثورية من العهد العثماني حتى قيام الجمهورية. المجلد الأول، ص 70.</ref> The Shroug later increased their social prominence as they began migrating from the countryside to the cities.<ref name="Wardi2" /> Some Shroug also resided in the Marshes alongside the ].<ref>المفصل في تاريخ العرب قبل الإسلام / د. جواد علي / الجزء الأول – الفصول 1-40 / لفظة العرب</ref> Although the term Shroug initially referred to Amara District, it later was used to refer to Shia Arabs from Southern and Southeastern Iraq.<ref>صالح الشالجي، باب شرق بغداد، مجلة آفاق عربية، ديسمبر 1979</ref> Others claimed that the term Shroug had Mesopotamian origins, either from "Sharubak", meaning "the natives" in ], or from "Sherk", which occurred in the name of ], which meant "just" or "righteous" in ].<ref name="مولد تلقائيا1" /><ref name=":0" />


== References == == References ==

Revision as of 16:56, 2 January 2025

Shroug (Arabic: الشروق; Iraqi Arabic: الشروگ; lit. "those from the east") is a term in Iraq used to describe a Shia Arab social group from Southern Iraq. The word Shroug had also been used as a derogatory term by Sunni Arabs against Shia Arabs of Southern Iraq.

History

The term Shroug was used by the Sunni tribes of the Middle Euphrates to refer to the Shia tribes around Amara District. Shroug literally meant "easterners" and was sometimes used as a slur. The Sunni tribes of the Middle Euphrates tribes viewed the Shroug as having deviated from their Bedouin tributes and changed their traditions and customs.

The misery and extreme poverty of the Shroug was one of the causes of the July 14, 1958 revolution. Their number in 1958 was estimated at about 100,000 people. The Shroug later increased their social prominence as they began migrating from the countryside to the cities. Some Shroug also resided in the Marshes alongside the Marsh Arabs. Although the term Shroug initially referred to Amara District, it later was used to refer to Shia Arabs from Southern and Southeastern Iraq. Others claimed that the term Shroug had Mesopotamian origins, either from "Sharubak", meaning "the natives" in Sumerian, or from "Sherk", which occurred in the name of Sharrukin, which meant "just" or "righteous" in Akkadian.

References

  1. ابراهيم, ادهم (2017-01-05). "الشروكية . . من هم". الصدى.نت (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 2021-08-24.
  2. جلال. "الگاردينيا - مجلة ثقافية عامة - وَرْوَرْ والمعدان..." www.algardenia.com (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 26 November 2018. Retrieved 2018-11-26.
  3. ^ د.علي الوردي. دراسة في طبيعة المجتمع العراقي. ص 135-136.
  4. ^ التأثيل: مفهومه و مبادؤه و اقسامه - مقاربة في فكر اللسانيين العراقيين؛ ربيعي، بتول عبد الكاظم حمد؛ 2022؛ pp. 186
  5. فريق مزهر الفرعون (1920). الحقائق الناصعة في الثورة العراقية. ج 1، ص 22.
  6. حنا بطاطو. العراق: الطبقات الاجتماعية والحركات الثورية من العهد العثماني حتى قيام الجمهورية. المجلد الأول، ص 70.
  7. المفصل في تاريخ العرب قبل الإسلام / د. جواد علي / الجزء الأول – الفصول 1-40 / لفظة العرب
  8. صالح الشالجي، باب شرق بغداد، مجلة آفاق عربية، ديسمبر 1979
  9. Cite error: The named reference مولد تلقائيا1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).