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| The '''Large Catacomb''' (Italian - ''catacomba maggiore'') is a ] on the ] in the modern ] quarter of Rome. It is first mentioned in the 5th century '']'', which records that those martyred on 16 September were buried "in the large cemetery" (“in cimiterio maiore”) on via Nomentana, the name it also appears as in high medieval pilgrim itineraries. | The '''Large Catacomb''' (Italian - ''catacomba maggiore'') is a ] on the ] in the modern ] quarter of Rome. It is first mentioned in the 5th century '']'', which records that those martyred on 16 September were buried "in the large cemetery" (“in cimiterio maiore”) on via Nomentana, the name it also appears as in high medieval pilgrim itineraries. | ||
| ==History== |
==History== | ||
| Originating around the middle of the 3rd century, the catacomb was initially divided into two separate nuclei with two independent access stairways, now near the present-day entrance in via Asmara. Surveys carried out above ground have uncovered a rural Roman villa which was turned into a cemetery as soon as it was abandoned, initially with semi-underground burials and then in the 3rd century by digging an underground cemetery. At the end of that century the two sections were merged, turning the single cemetery into the biggest catacomb in Rome, which remained in use until the first half of the 5th century. High Medieval pilgrims' itineraries mention an above ground basilica dedicated to ] and two undeground burial chambers by then converted into sanctuaries dedicated to Saint Victor and Saint Alexander. | |||
| La catacomba nasce verso la metà del ]: inizialmente essa era distinta in due nuclei separati tra loro, con due scale d'accesso indipendenti, oggi situate presso l'attuale ingresso in via Asmara. Rilievi eseguiti nel sopraterra hanno portato alla scoperta dell'esistenza di una villa rurale romana che, al momento del suo abbandono, fu trasformata per scopi funerari, prima con sepolture subdiali, ed in seguito, nel III secolo appunto, con lo scavo del cimitero ipogeo. Alla fine del secolo le due sezioni della catacomba furono unificate, dando origine alla più grande catacomba romana, che rimase in uso fino alla prima metà del ]. Gli itinerari altomedievali ci informano dell'esistenza di una basilica nel sopraterra, dedicata a ], e di due sepolcri ipogei trasformati in santuari, dedicati ai santi Vittore ed Alessandro. | |||
| It was first rediscovered in 1493 by ] monks from ], which owned the land in which it fell until 1870. ] managed to penetrate the cemetery early in the 17th century and mentioned it in his posthumous book ''Roma sotterranea'', though he confused it with the neighbouring ], to which it was linked by an ancient sandstone quarry. In the 18th century it and many other catacombs in Rome were badly damaged by relic-hunters. The first modern studies of the catacomb began in the 19th century, laying the foundations for those by the priest Umberto Maria Fasola in the 20th century. | |||
| La catacomba maggiore fu esplorata per la prima volta nel ] dai monaci ] della ], cui apparteneva (fino al ]) il terreno in cui si trovava il cimitero. Anche ], agli inizi del ], riuscì a penetrare nel cimitero e lo descrisse nel suo libro postumo ''“Roma sotterranea”'', confondendolo però con la vicina ], cui era collegata tramite un antico arenario. Nel ], come molte altre catacombe romane, il cimitero maggiore subì i danni provocati dai ''corpisantari'', ricercatori di reliquie. I primi studi scientifici sul cimitero iniziarono nell'], fino agli studi condotti dal sacerdote Umberto Maria Fasola nel ].---> | |||
| ==Martyrs ==<!--- | ==Martyrs ==<!--- | ||
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The Large Catacomb (Italian - catacomba maggiore) is a catacomb on the via Nomentana in the modern Trieste quarter of Rome. It is first mentioned in the 5th century Martyrologium Hieronymianum, which records that those martyred on 16 September were buried "in the large cemetery" (“in cimiterio maiore”) on via Nomentana, the name it also appears as in high medieval pilgrim itineraries.
History
Originating around the middle of the 3rd century, the catacomb was initially divided into two separate nuclei with two independent access stairways, now near the present-day entrance in via Asmara. Surveys carried out above ground have uncovered a rural Roman villa which was turned into a cemetery as soon as it was abandoned, initially with semi-underground burials and then in the 3rd century by digging an underground cemetery. At the end of that century the two sections were merged, turning the single cemetery into the biggest catacomb in Rome, which remained in use until the first half of the 5th century. High Medieval pilgrims' itineraries mention an above ground basilica dedicated to Saint Emerentiana and two undeground burial chambers by then converted into sanctuaries dedicated to Saint Victor and Saint Alexander.
It was first rediscovered in 1493 by Augustinian monks from Santa Maria del Popolo, which owned the land in which it fell until 1870. Antonio Bosio managed to penetrate the cemetery early in the 17th century and mentioned it in his posthumous book Roma sotterranea, though he confused it with the neighbouring catacomb of Sant'Agnese, to which it was linked by an ancient sandstone quarry. In the 18th century it and many other catacombs in Rome were badly damaged by relic-hunters. The first modern studies of the catacomb began in the 19th century, laying the foundations for those by the priest Umberto Maria Fasola in the 20th century.
Martyrs
Description
Bibliography (in Italian)
- De Santis L. - G. Biamonte, Le catacombe di Roma, Newton & Compton Editori, Roma 1997, pp. 206–214
- Testini P., Archeologia Cristiana, Edipuglia, 1980
- Armellini M., Scoperta della cripta di S. Emerenziana e di una memoria relativa alla cattedra di S. Pietro nel cimitero Ostriano, Roma 1877
- Josi E., Coemeterium Maius, in Rivista di Archeologia Cristiana 10 (1933) 7-16
- Fasola U. M., La regione delle cattedre nel Cimitero Maggiore, in Rivista di Archeologia Cristiana 37 (1961) 237-267
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