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{{Short description|Deity addressed in the Orphic Hymns}} |
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{{Short description|Deity addressed in the Orphic Hymns}} |
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'''Prothyraia''' ({{langx|grc|Προθυραία}}) is the figure addressed in the second of the '']'', a collection of ancient Greek hymns composed around the 2nd and 3nd centuries AD.{{sfnm|Malamis||1p=29|Quandt||2pp=3–4}} Her name means 'at the door' or 'at the door-way',{{sfn|Athanassakis|Wolkow|p=75}} and is used to denote a goddess who presides over the area around the entrance to a building.{{sfn|Rudhardt|loc=Chapter II, para. 215}} Prothyraia is an ] of the goddesses ], ], and ];{{sfn|Athanassakis|Wolkow|p=75}} Prothyraia is attested as an epithet of Artemis in a 2nd-century AD inscription discovered in ].{{sfn|Ricciardelli|p=238}} In ]'s '']'', there is reference to a temple in ] which was dedicated to Artemis Propylaia.{{refn|{{harvnb|Ricciardelli|p=328}}; ], 1.38.6.}} |
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'''Prothyraia''' ({{langx|grc|Προθυραία}}) is the figure addressed in the second of the '']'', a collection of ancient Greek hymns composed around the 2nd and 3nd centuries AD.{{sfnm|Malamis||1p=29|Quandt||2pp=3–4}} Her name means 'at the door' or 'at the door-way',{{sfn|Athanassakis|Wolkow|p=75}} and is used to denote a goddess who presides over the area around the entrance to a building.{{sfn|Rudhardt|loc=Chapter II, para. 215}} Prothyraia is an ] of the goddesses ], ], and ];{{sfn|Athanassakis|Wolkow|p=75}} Prothyraia is attested as an epithet of Artemis in a 2nd-century AD inscription discovered in ].{{sfn|Ricciardelli|p=238}} In ]'s '']'', there is reference to a temple in ] which was dedicated to Artemis Propylaia.{{refn|{{harvnb|Ricciardelli|p=328}}; ], 1.38.6 {{harv|Jones|pp=204, 205}}.}} |
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In line 9 of the ''Orphic Hymn'' to her, she is addressed as "Eileithyia", and in line 12 she is called "Artemis Eileithyia".{{sfn|Ricciardelli|p=238}} The epithets applied to her in the hymn relate primarily to her role in helping with births,{{sfn|Ricciardelli|p=238}} and the request of the hymn implores her to aid in giving birth.{{sfn|Malamis|p=239}} Two descriptions the hymn applies to her are {{translit|grc|ōdínōn eparōgós}} ({{lang|grc|ὠδίνων ἐπαρωγός}}), meaning she "who offers support in the pains of childbirth", and {{translit|grc|ōkýlocheia}} ({{lang|grc|ὠϰυλόχεια}}), meaning she "who accelerates childbirth".{{sfn|Rudhardt|loc=Chapter II, para. 215}} |
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In line 9 of the ''Orphic Hymn'' to her, she is addressed as "Eileithyia", and in line 12 she is called "Artemis Eileithyia".{{sfn|Ricciardelli|p=238}} The epithets applied to her in the hymn relate primarily to her role in helping with births,{{sfn|Ricciardelli|p=238}} and the request of the hymn implores her to aid in giving birth.{{sfn|Malamis|p=239}} Two descriptions the hymn applies to her are {{translit|grc|ōdínōn eparōgós}} ({{lang|grc|ὠδίνων ἐπαρωγός}}), meaning she "who offers support in the pains of childbirth", and {{translit|grc|ōkýlocheia}} ({{lang|grc|ὠϰυλόχεια}}), meaning she "who accelerates childbirth".{{sfn|Rudhardt|loc=Chapter II, para. 215}} |
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* {{wikicite | ref = {{sfnref|Athanassakis|Wolkow}} | reference = ], and Benjamin M. Wolkow, ''The Orphic Hymns'', Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013. {{ISBN|9781421408828}}. . }} |
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* {{wikicite | ref = {{sfnref|Athanassakis|Wolkow}} | reference = ], and Benjamin M. Wolkow, ''The Orphic Hymns'', Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013. {{ISBN|9781421408828}}. . }} |
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* {{wikicite | ref = {{sfnref|Malamis}} | reference = Malamis, Daniel, ''The Orphic Hymns: Poetry and Genre, with a Critical Text and Translation'', Leiden and Boston, Brill, 2024. {{ISBN|9789004714076}}. {{doi|10.1163/9789004714083}}. }} |
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* {{wikicite | ref = {{sfnref|Malamis}} | reference = Malamis, Daniel, ''The Orphic Hymns: Poetry and Genre, with a Critical Text and Translation'', Leiden and Boston, Brill, 2024. {{ISBN|9789004714076}}. {{doi|10.1163/9789004714083}}. }} |
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* ], ''], Volume I: Books 1-2 (Attica and Corinth)'', translated by W. H. S. Jones, ] No. 93, Cambridge, Massachusetts, ], 1918. {{ISBN|978-0-674-99104-0}}. . . |
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* {{wikicite | ref = {{sfnref|Jones}} | reference = ], ''], Volume I: Books 1-2 (Attica and Corinth)'', translated by W. H. S. Jones, ] No. 93, Cambridge, Massachusetts, ], 1918. {{ISBN|978-0-674-99104-0}}. . . }} |
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* {{wikicite | ref = {{sfnref|Quandt}} | reference = Quandt, Wilhelm, ''Orphei Hymni'', Berlin, Weidmann, 1955. {{OCLC|22971774}}. }} |
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* {{wikicite | ref = {{sfnref|Quandt}} | reference = Quandt, Wilhelm, ''Orphei Hymni'', Berlin, Weidmann, 1955. {{OCLC|22971774}}. }} |
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* {{wikicite | ref = {{sfnref|Ricciardelli}} | reference = Ricciardelli, Gabriella, ''Inni Orfici'', Milan, Mondadori, 2000. {{ISBN|8804476613}}. }} |
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* {{wikicite | ref = {{sfnref|Ricciardelli}} | reference = Ricciardelli, Gabriella, ''Inni Orfici'', Milan, Mondadori, 2000. {{ISBN|8804476613}}. }} |
The placement of the hymn to Prothyraia, a figure associated with birth, at the beginning of the collection, is significant, and mirrors the position of the hymn to Thanatos (Death) as the last hymn. According to Fritz Graf, during the rite in which the Orphic Hymns played a role, the hymn to Prothyraia may have been sung as the initiates were entering the building where the rite took place.