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| module={{infobox Chinese|t={{linktext|張|織|雲}}|s={{linktext|张|织|云}}|p=Zhāng Zhīyún|w={{tonesup|Chang1 Chih1yün2}}|j={{tonesup|Zoeng1 Zik1wan4}}|child=yes}} | module={{infobox Chinese|t={{linktext|張|織|雲}}|s={{linktext|张|织|云}}|p=Zhāng Zhīyún|w={{tonesup|Chang1 Chih1yün2}}|j={{tonesup|Zoeng1 Zik1wan4}}|child=yes}}
}} }}
'''Zhang Zhiyun''' ({{zh|s=张织云|t=張織雲|p=Zhāng Zhīyún|first=t}} was a Chinese actress. '''Zhang Zhiyun''' ({{zh|s=张织云|t=張織雲|p=Zhāng Zhīyún|first=t}}, 1904{{sndash}}1970s) was a Chinese actress.


==Biography== ==Biography==
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In 1923, Zhang responded to an advertisement from the {{ill|Greater China Film Company|zh|上海大中华影片公司}} seeking interested women to act in its films. More than ten thousand women who submitted their photograph.{{sfn|Jing, n.d.}} Initially, Zhang's portrait was not included in the pictures reviewed by Greater China. It was later found that ten photographs, including Zhang's, had been taken by a journalist with the '']''{{sndash}}whose mailbox the company had used{{sndash}} after he deemed them the most beautiful.{{sfn|Qiao|2021}} Zhang was selected from these recovered pictures for the company's upcoming productions, and the theft of her portrait was used to generate hype.{{sfn|Jing, n.d.}} Zhang spent two years with Greater China, completing such films as ''The Human Heart''<!--人心--> and ''Valour in War''<!--战功-->.{{sfn|Jing, n.d.}} In 1923, Zhang responded to an advertisement from the {{ill|Greater China Film Company|zh|上海大中华影片公司}} seeking interested women to act in its films. More than ten thousand women who submitted their photograph.{{sfn|Jing, n.d.}} Initially, Zhang's portrait was not included in the pictures reviewed by Greater China. It was later found that ten photographs, including Zhang's, had been taken by a journalist with the '']''{{sndash}}whose mailbox the company had used{{sndash}} after he deemed them the most beautiful.{{sfn|Qiao|2021}} Zhang was selected from these recovered pictures for the company's upcoming productions, and the theft of her portrait was used to generate hype.{{sfn|Jing, n.d.}} Zhang spent two years with Greater China, completing such films as ''The Human Heart''<!--人心--> and ''Valour in War''<!--战功-->.{{sfn|Jing, n.d.}}


Zhang signed with the ] in 1925,{{sfn|Jing, n.d.}} making her first appearance in ''A Sincerely Pitiful Girl''. Over the next three years she made seven films for the company, including '']'',{{sfn|Huang|2014|pp=284–315}} in which she portrayed the dual role of a lovelorn young woman and the servant whose death is mistaken for hers.<ref>{{harvnb|Huang|2014|pp=165–166}}; {{harvnb|Zhang|2018|p=152, 156}}</ref> Between August and September 1926, the Shanghai-based newspaper '']'' held a reader's choice award for favourite actress; Zhang won the poll, receiving 2,146 vallots and being crowned the newspaper's "Movie Queen".{{sfn|Jing, n.d.}} Zhang signed with the ] in 1925,{{sfn|Jing, n.d.}} making her first appearance in ''A Sincerely Pitiful Girl''. Over the next three years she made seven films for the company, including '']'',{{sfn|Huang|2014|pp=284–315}} in which she portrayed the dual role of a lovelorn young woman and the servant whose death is mistaken for hers.<ref>{{harvnb|Huang|2014|pp=165–166}}; {{harvnb|Zhang|2018|p=152, 156}}</ref> The film was one of the most successful Chinese films of the ],{{sfn|Huang|2014|p=88}} pulling in a reported 132,300 ] (equivalent to ¥{{formatnum:{{#expr:({{Inflation|CN|132300|cursign=¥|1925|r=-3}} / 676.199) round -3}}}} in 2019) in Shanghai alone.{{sfn|The Paper, 2020}} Between August and September 1926, the Shanghai-based newspaper '']'' held a reader's choice award for favourite actress; Zhang won the poll, receiving 2,146 vallots and being crowned the newspaper's "Movie Queen".{{sfn|Jing, n.d.}}


After completing ''Fallen Plum Blossoms'' for Mingxing,{{sfn|Huang|2014|p=298}} Zhang left the company for its rival ]. For her role in ''Pure as Ice'', she gained audience recognition as a tragedy performer, with the magazine ''Movie Life'' ({{zhi|t=影戲生活 |s=影戏生活|first=t}}) comparing her to ].{{sfn|Jing, n.d.}} After completing ''Fallen Plum Blossoms'' for Mingxing,{{sfn|Huang|2014|p=298}} Zhang left the company for its rival ]. For her role in ''Pure as Ice'', she gained audience recognition as a tragedy performer, with the magazine ''Movie Life'' ({{zhi|t=影戲生活 |s=影戏生活|first=t}}) comparing her to ].{{sfn|Jing, n.d.}}


===Later life and career=== ===Later life and career===
In the mid-1920s, Zhang moved in with the director ]. As Zhang became more famous, the two began to fight, and Zhang{{sndash}}under pressure from her adoptive mother to find a wealthier man{{sndash}}left him by 1927.<ref name="JP">{{harvnb|Jing, n.d.}}; {{harvnb|Qiao|2021}}</ref> She later began dating Tang Jishan, leaving the film industry to spend time with him in the United States.{{sfn|Qiao|2021}} However, the couple separated after Tang began romancing fellow actress ].{{sfn|Jing, n.d.}} An agreement that Tang would provide her with financial support in case of a separation went unhonoured.{{sfn|Qiao|2021}} In the mid-1920s, Zhang moved in with ], a cinematographer and director. As Zhang became more famous, the two began to fight, and Zhang{{sndash}}under pressure from her adoptive mother to find a wealthier man{{sndash}}left him by 1927.<ref name="JP">{{harvnb|Jing, n.d.}}; {{harvnb|Qiao|2021}}</ref> She later began dating Tang Jishan, leaving the film industry to spend time with him in the United States.{{sfn|Qiao|2021}} However, the couple separated after Tang began romancing fellow actress ].{{sfn|Jing, n.d.}} An agreement that Tang would provide her with financial support in case of a separation went unhonoured.{{sfn|Qiao|2021}}


Zhang was asked by ] to return to Mingxing for ''Lovelorn'' in 1933.{{sfn|Qiao|2021}} Intended to tell her life's story, the ] suffered because of Zhang's poor command of ]{{sndash}}the language of dialogue{{sndash}}and was received negatively. She appeared in several further films, including 1935's ''Fan of Peach Blossoms'' and 1937's ] ''Proud Daughter of Heaven'', before settling in ] with her husband Zhang Shuping in the 1950s.{{sfn|Jing, n.d.}} Zhang was asked by ] to return to Mingxing for ''Lovelorn'' in 1933.{{sfn|Qiao|2021}} Intended to tell her life's story, the ] suffered because of Zhang's poor command of ]{{sndash}}the language of dialogue{{sndash}}and was received negatively. She appeared in several further films, including 1935's ''Fan of Peach Blossoms'' and 1937's ] ''Proud Daughter of Heaven''.{{sfn|Jing, n.d.}} She spent time in ], toured Southeast Asia, and lived briefly in ] and Beijing]].{{sfn|The Paper, 2020}} She ultimately settled in ] in the 1950s with her husband Zhang Shuping.{{sfn|Jing, n.d.}} They had divorced by the end of the decade.{{sfn|The Paper, 2020}}


Zhang made her final film appearance, a cameo as a beauty pageant panelist alongside ] and ], in 1953's ''Heavenly Beauty''.<ref>{{harvnb|The Chinese Mirror, Wu Suxin}}; {{harv|Jing, n.d.}}</ref> She spent the She died sometime in the mid-1970s.{{sfn|Jing, n.d.}} In subsequent years, she has received less coverage than contemporary actresses such as Ruan Lingyu and ].{{sfn|Qiao|2021}} Zhang made her final film appearance, a cameo as a beauty pageant panelist alongside ] and ], in 1953's ''Heavenly Beauty''.<ref>{{harvnb|The Chinese Mirror, Wu Suxin}}; {{harv|Jing, n.d.}}</ref> She died sometime in the mid-1970s,{{sfn|Jing, n.d.}} having reportedly spent the last decade of her life living on the streets under her childhood name.{{sfn|The Paper, 2020}} In subsequent years, she has received less coverage than contemporary actresses such as Ruan Lingyu and ].{{sfn|Qiao|2021}}


==Filmography== ==Filmography==
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|language=Chinese |language=Chinese
|ref={{SfnRef|Jing, n.d.}} |ref={{SfnRef|Jing, n.d.}}
}}
*{{cite news
|script-title=zh:中国第一位"影后"，"悲剧圣手"张织云的悲剧人生
|url=https://m.thepaper.cn/baijiahao_7134029
|title=The Tragic Life of Zhang Zhiyun, China's First "Movie Queen" and "Tragedy Master"
|work=The Paper
|date=26 April 2020
|accessdate=10 January 2025
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250110213620/https://m.thepaper.cn/baijiahao_7134029
|ref={{sfnRef|The Paper, 2020}}
|archivedate=10 January 2025
}} }}
* {{cite journal * {{cite journal

Revision as of 21:54, 10 January 2025

In this Chinese name, the family name is Zhang.
Zhang Zhiyun
Zhang, 1925
Born張阿善; 张阿善
Panyu County, Guangdong
DiedHong Kong
OccupationActress
Years active1925-1953
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese張織雲
Simplified Chinese张织云
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhāng Zhīyún
Wade–GilesChang Chihyün
Yue: Cantonese
JyutpingZoeng Zikwan

Zhang Zhiyun (traditional Chinese: 張織雲; simplified Chinese: 张织云; pinyin: Zhāng Zhīyún, 1904 – 1970s) was a Chinese actress.

Biography

Early life

Zhang was born Zhang Ashan (張阿善; 张阿善) in Panyu County, Guangdong (now part of Guangzhou) in 1904. She was orphaned at a young age and lived with an adoptive mother. She moved to Shanghai in her youth, where she completed several years of schooling. However, due to a lack of funds she dropped out in her junior secondary years.

Film career

In 1923, Zhang responded to an advertisement from the Greater China Film Company [zh] seeking interested women to act in its films. More than ten thousand women who submitted their photograph. Initially, Zhang's portrait was not included in the pictures reviewed by Greater China. It was later found that ten photographs, including Zhang's, had been taken by a journalist with the Shen Bao – whose mailbox the company had used – after he deemed them the most beautiful. Zhang was selected from these recovered pictures for the company's upcoming productions, and the theft of her portrait was used to generate hype. Zhang spent two years with Greater China, completing such films as The Human Heart and Valour in War.

Zhang signed with the Mingxing Film Company in 1925, making her first appearance in A Sincerely Pitiful Girl. Over the next three years she made seven films for the company, including Lonely Orchid, in which she portrayed the dual role of a lovelorn young woman and the servant whose death is mistaken for hers. The film was one of the most successful Chinese films of the silent era, pulling in a reported 132,300 yuan (equivalent to ¥12,675,000 in 2019) in Shanghai alone. Between August and September 1926, the Shanghai-based newspaper Shen Bao held a reader's choice award for favourite actress; Zhang won the poll, receiving 2,146 vallots and being crowned the newspaper's "Movie Queen".

After completing Fallen Plum Blossoms for Mingxing, Zhang left the company for its rival Minxin. For her role in Pure as Ice, she gained audience recognition as a tragedy performer, with the magazine Movie Life (影戲生活; 影戏生活) comparing her to Lillian Gish.

Later life and career

In the mid-1920s, Zhang moved in with Bu Wancang, a cinematographer and director. As Zhang became more famous, the two began to fight, and Zhang – under pressure from her adoptive mother to find a wealthier man – left him by 1927. She later began dating Tang Jishan, leaving the film industry to spend time with him in the United States. However, the couple separated after Tang began romancing fellow actress Ruan Lingyu. An agreement that Tang would provide her with financial support in case of a separation went unhonoured.

Zhang was asked by Zhang Shichuan to return to Mingxing for Lovelorn in 1933. Intended to tell her life's story, the sound film suffered because of Zhang's poor command of Mandarin – the language of dialogue – and was received negatively. She appeared in several further films, including 1935's Fan of Peach Blossoms and 1937's Cantonese-language Proud Daughter of Heaven. She spent time in Hankou, toured Southeast Asia, and lived briefly in Tianjin and Beijing]]. She ultimately settled in Hong Kong in the 1950s with her husband Zhang Shuping. They had divorced by the end of the decade.

Zhang made her final film appearance, a cameo as a beauty pageant panelist alongside Yang Naimei and Wu Suxin, in 1953's Heavenly Beauty. She died sometime in the mid-1970s, having reportedly spent the last decade of her life living on the streets under her childhood name. In subsequent years, she has received less coverage than contemporary actresses such as Ruan Lingyu and Hu Die.

Filmography

Zhang Zhiyun in Fiancée (1926)
Key
† Indicates film is extant
The films of Zhang Zhiyun
English title Traditional Chinese Simplified Chinese Release Ref(s)
The Human Heart 人心 人心 –
Valour in War 戰功 战功 –
A Sincerely Pitiful Girl 可憐的閨女 可怜的闺女 1925
A New Family † 新人的家庭 新人的家庭 1926
Lonely Orchid 空谷蘭 空谷兰 1926
Fiancée 未婚妻 未婚妻 1926
Love and Gold 愛情與黃金 爱情与黄金 1926
Sacrifice for the Family 為親犧牲 为亲牺牲 1927
Fallen Plum Blossoms 梅花落 梅花落 1927
Pure as Ice 玉潔冰清 玉洁冰清
Lovelorn 失戀 失恋 1933
Fan of Peach Blossoms 新桃花扇 新桃花扇 1935
Proud Daughter of Heaven 天之驕女 天之骄女 1937
Proud Daughter of Heaven 天堂美女 天堂美女 1953

References

  1. ^ Qiao 2021.
  2. ^ Jing, n.d.
  3. Huang 2014, pp. 284–315.
  4. Huang 2014, pp. 165–166; Zhang 2018, p. 152, 156
  5. Huang 2014, p. 88.
  6. ^ The Paper, 2020.
  7. ^ Huang 2014, p. 298.
  8. ^ Jing, n.d.; Qiao 2021
  9. The Chinese Mirror, Wu Suxin; (Jing, n.d.)
  10. Huang 2014, p. 294.
  11. Huang 2014, pp. 309–310.
  12. Huang 2014, pp. 294–295.
  13. Huang 2014, pp. 306–307.
  14. Huang 2014, p. 284.
  15. Huang 2014, p. 307.
  16. Huang 2014, p. 304.

Works cited