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Orlanski was born in ], in 1939 to Jewish immigrants Samuel and Sara Orlanski, who fled ] during the early 20th century pogroms. With the help of the ], which enabled Jewish immigrants from ] to farm in Argentina, the Orlanski family settled in rural Argentina before moving to ] in the early 1940s.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}} Orlanski was born in ], in 1939 to Jewish immigrants Samuel and Sara Orlanski, who fled ] during the early 20th century pogroms. With the help of the ], which enabled Jewish immigrants from ] to farm in Argentina, the Orlanski family settled in rural Argentina before moving to ] in the early 1940s.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}


In 1959, Orlanski enrolled in the ] (Spanish: ''Facultad de Ciencias Exactas'') at the ], where he studied physics. During his study, Orlanski worked as a programmer for Dr. Rolando Garcia, the dean of the school at the time, assisting U.S. professors visiting the Department of Meteorology.{{According to whom|date=January 2025}} In 1964, Orlanski earned a degree in physics from ]. In 1965, he received a grant to pursue graduate studies at the ]. Under the supervision of ], he completed his PhD in 1967{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}} with a thesis titled ''Instability of Frontal Waves,'' which earned the ] Award for best thesis in the Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences program.<ref name=paoc>{{cite web |url=https://paocweb.mit.edu/education/graduate/the-carl-gustaf-rossby-award/ |title=Carl Gustav Rossby Award 1968 |website=MIT PAOC |accessdate=2024-11-22}}</ref><ref name=uba>{{Cite web |date=2012-04-26 |title=Siempre está volviendo |url=https://nexciencia.exactas.uba.ar/siempre-esta-volviendo |website=nexciencia.exactas.uba.ar |language=es}}</ref> In 1959, Orlanski enrolled in the ] (Spanish: ''Facultad de Ciencias Exactas'') at the ], where he studied physics. During his study, Orlanski worked as a programmer for Dr. Rolando Garcia, the dean of the school at the time, assisting U.S. professors visiting the Department of Meteorology.{{According to whom|date=January 2025}} In 1964, Orlanski earned a degree in physics from ]. In 1965, he received a grant to pursue graduate studies at the ]. Under the supervision of ], he completed his PhD in 1967.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Orlanski |first=Isidoro |date=1968 |title=Instability of Frontal Waves |journal=Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=178–200 |doi=10.1175/1520-0469(1968)025<0178:IOFW>2.0.CO;2 |url=https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/bibliography/related_files/io6801.pdf |access-date=2025-01-13}}</ref> His thesis, titled ''Instability of Frontal Waves,'' earned the ] Award for best thesis in the Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences program.<ref name=paoc>{{cite web |url=https://paocweb.mit.edu/education/graduate/the-carl-gustaf-rossby-award/ |title=Carl Gustav Rossby Award 1968 |website=MIT PAOC |accessdate=2024-11-22}}</ref><ref name=uba>{{Cite web |date=2012-04-26 |title=Siempre está volviendo |url=https://nexciencia.exactas.uba.ar/siempre-esta-volviendo |website=nexciencia.exactas.uba.ar |language=es}}</ref>


== Career == == Career ==
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== Research == == Research ==
Orlanski’s worked in ]. He introduced the terms ''Meso-alpha,'' ''Meso-beta,'' and ''Meso-gamma'' to classify the horizontal scales of atmospheric processes, widely used in limited area modeling.{{According to whom|date=January 2025}} The primary purpose of Orlanski’s classification of mesoscale phenomena was to assist modelers in designing limited-area models for mesoscale prediction.{{According to whom|date=January 2025}} This framework was used in the design of field experiments for mesoscale observations, as well as in defining the spatial and temporal scales necessary for forecast models.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}} Moreover, it took over two decades for both numerical models and observational technologies to achieve an acceptable level of accuracy in this domain.{{According to whom|date=January 2025}} His research on boundary conditions for unbounded hyperbolic flows has applications beyond meteorology, influencing fields like hydrology and flow chemistry.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Markowski |first1=Paul |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9780470682104 |title=Mesoscale Meteorology in Midlatitudes |last2=Richardson |first2=Yvette |date=2010-02-05 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-0-470-74213-6 |language=en |doi=10.1002/9780470682104}}</ref> Orlanski’s worked in ]. He introduced the terms ''Meso-alpha,'' ''Meso-beta,'' and ''Meso-gamma'' to classify the horizontal scales of atmospheric processes, widely used in limited area modeling.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Orlanski |first=Isidoro |date=1975 |title=A Rational Subdivision of Scales for Atmospheric Processes |journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |volume=56 |issue=5 |pages=527–530 |issn=0003-0007 |jstor=26216020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Craig |first1=G. C. |last2=Selz |first2=T. |date=2017 |title=Mesoscale Dynamical Regimes in the Midlatitudes |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |volume=45 |issue=1 |doi=10.1002/2017GL076174 |url=https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076174 |access-date=2025-01-13}}</ref> The primary purpose of Orlanski’s classification of mesoscale phenomena was to assist modelers in designing limited-area models for mesoscale prediction.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Craig |first1=G. C. |last2=Selz |first2=T. |date=2017 |title=Mesoscale Dynamical Regimes in the Midlatitudes |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |volume=45 |issue=1 |doi=10.1002/2017GL076174 |url=https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076174 |access-date=2025-01-13}}</ref> This framework was used in the design of field experiments for mesoscale observations, as well as in defining the spatial and temporal scales necessary for forecast models.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ulanski |first1=Stan L. |last2=Heymsfield |first2=Gerald M. |date=1986 |title=Meso-β Scale Perturbations of the Wind Field by Thunderstorm Cells |journal=Monthly Weather Review |volume=114 |issue=4 |pages=780–793 |doi=10.1175/1520-0493(1986)114<0780:MSPOTW>2.0.CO |url=https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1986)114<0780:MSPOTW>2.0.CO |access-date=2025-01-13}}</ref> Moreover, it took over two decades for both numerical models and observational technologies to achieve an acceptable level of accuracy in this domain.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Das |first1=S. |last2=Ashrit |first2=R. |last3=Iyengar |first3=G. R. |date=2008 |title=Skills of Different Mesoscale Models Over Indian Region During Monsoon Season: Forecast Errors |journal=Journal of Earth System Science |volume=117 |pages=603–620 |doi=10.1007/s12040-008-0056-4 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-008-0056-4 |access-date=2025-01-13}}</ref> His research on boundary conditions for unbounded hyperbolic flows has applications beyond meteorology, influencing fields like hydrology and flow chemistry.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Markowski |first1=Paul |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9780470682104 |title=Mesoscale Meteorology in Midlatitudes |last2=Richardson |first2=Yvette |date=2010-02-05 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-0-470-74213-6 |language=en |doi=10.1002/9780470682104}}</ref> <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marchesiello |first1=Patrick |last2=McWilliams |first2=James C. |last3=Shchepetkin |first3=Alexander |date=2001 |title=Open Boundary Conditions for Long-Term Integration of Regional Oceanic Models |journal=Ocean Modelling |volume=3 |issue=1–2 |doi=10.1016/S1463-5003(00)000135 |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/S1463-5003(00)000135 |access-date=2025-01-13}}</ref>


== Awards and honors == == Awards and honors ==

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Argentine-American atmospheric physicist
Isidoro Orlanski
Born1939 (age 85–86)
Rivera, Buenos Aires, Argentina
EducationUniversity of Buenos Aires
MIT
Known formesoscale meteorology
Scientific career
InstitutionsGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
Princeton University
Doctoral advisorJule Charney
Other academic advisorsJoseph Smagorinsky

Isidoro Orlanski (born 1939) is an Argentine-American atmospheric physicist, meteorologist, and ocean scientist. He is known for his contributions to the dynamics of weather systems and ocean currents, especially his work on mesoscale meteorology. He is currently an emeritus professor at Princeton University.

Early life and education

Orlanski was born in Rivera, Buenos Aires, in 1939 to Jewish immigrants Samuel and Sara Orlanski, who fled Wolkowysk, Poland during the early 20th century pogroms. With the help of the Jewish Colonization Association, which enabled Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe to farm in Argentina, the Orlanski family settled in rural Argentina before moving to Buenos Aires in the early 1940s.

In 1959, Orlanski enrolled in the Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences (Spanish: Facultad de Ciencias Exactas) at the University of Buenos Aires, where he studied physics. During his study, Orlanski worked as a programmer for Dr. Rolando Garcia, the dean of the school at the time, assisting U.S. professors visiting the Department of Meteorology. In 1964, Orlanski earned a degree in physics from University of Buenos Aires. In 1965, he received a grant to pursue graduate studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Under the supervision of Jule Charney, he completed his PhD in 1967. His thesis, titled Instability of Frontal Waves, earned the Carl Gustav Rossby Award for best thesis in the Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences program.

Career

Before his return to Argentina, Orlanski followed Jule Charney's advice to spend a year in Washington, D.C., joining the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), where he worked with Joseph Smagorinsky. The GFDL, under the leadership of Dr. Joseph Smagorinsky, was developing numerical models for weather forecasting and climate assessment. Orlanski decided to spend his career at GFDL. He relocated with the lab to Princeton University, New Jersey, where he became a lecturer in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, a collaboration between the lab and Princeton.

By 1980, GDFL had grown to 134 staff members, with Orlanski being appointed the lab's first Deputy Director. During a sabbatical in Argentina in 1985, he established a center for numerical modeling that became the Centro de Investigaciones para el Mar y la Atmósfera (CIMA). Orlanski retired from GFDL in 2007 but continued teaching at Princeton University until 2017, retiring as a lecturer with the rank of Full Professor.

Research

Orlanski’s worked in mesoscale meteorology. He introduced the terms Meso-alpha, Meso-beta, and Meso-gamma to classify the horizontal scales of atmospheric processes, widely used in limited area modeling. The primary purpose of Orlanski’s classification of mesoscale phenomena was to assist modelers in designing limited-area models for mesoscale prediction. This framework was used in the design of field experiments for mesoscale observations, as well as in defining the spatial and temporal scales necessary for forecast models. Moreover, it took over two decades for both numerical models and observational technologies to achieve an acceptable level of accuracy in this domain. His research on boundary conditions for unbounded hyperbolic flows has applications beyond meteorology, influencing fields like hydrology and flow chemistry.

Awards and honors

Selected publications

References

  1. ^ "Siempre está volviendo". nexciencia.exactas.uba.ar (in Spanish). 2012-04-26.
  2. ^ "GFDL Activities: Review of Twenty-Five Years of Research 1955-1980". NOAA. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  3. Orlanski, Isidoro (1968). "Instability of Frontal Waves" (PDF). Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 25 (2): 178–200. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1968)025<0178:IOFW>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 2025-01-13.
  4. ^ "Carl Gustav Rossby Award 1968". MIT PAOC. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  5. "The Sixties in Argentina: Political Repression, Cultural Vibrancy". Harvard Review of Latin America. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  6. "Pioneering Meteorologist Smagorinsky Dies". Princeton University. September 29, 2005. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  7. "The AOS Program's Fortuitous Beginnings" (PDF). Princeton University. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  8. "AOS & CICS Newsletter, Vol. 2 Number 2: Orlanski Trip to Argentina" (PDF). Princeton University. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  9. Orlanski, Isidoro (1975). "A Rational Subdivision of Scales for Atmospheric Processes". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 56 (5): 527–530. ISSN 0003-0007. JSTOR 26216020.
  10. Craig, G. C.; Selz, T. (2017). "Mesoscale Dynamical Regimes in the Midlatitudes". Geophysical Research Letters. 45 (1). doi:10.1002/2017GL076174. Retrieved 2025-01-13.
  11. Craig, G. C.; Selz, T. (2017). "Mesoscale Dynamical Regimes in the Midlatitudes". Geophysical Research Letters. 45 (1). doi:10.1002/2017GL076174. Retrieved 2025-01-13.
  12. Ulanski, Stan L.; Heymsfield, Gerald M. (1986). <0780:MSPOTW>2.0.CO "Meso-β Scale Perturbations of the Wind Field by Thunderstorm Cells". Monthly Weather Review. 114 (4): 780–793. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1986)114<0780:MSPOTW>2.0.CO. Retrieved 2025-01-13.
  13. Das, S.; Ashrit, R.; Iyengar, G. R. (2008). "Skills of Different Mesoscale Models Over Indian Region During Monsoon Season: Forecast Errors". Journal of Earth System Science. 117: 603–620. doi:10.1007/s12040-008-0056-4. Retrieved 2025-01-13.
  14. Markowski, Paul; Richardson, Yvette (2010-02-05). Mesoscale Meteorology in Midlatitudes. Wiley. doi:10.1002/9780470682104. ISBN 978-0-470-74213-6.
  15. Marchesiello, Patrick; McWilliams, James C.; Shchepetkin, Alexander (2001). "Open Boundary Conditions for Long-Term Integration of Regional Oceanic Models". Ocean Modelling. 3 (1–2). doi:10.1016/S1463-5003(00)000135. Retrieved 2025-01-13.
  16. "AOS & CICS Newsletter, Fall 2011, Volume 5, Number 3" (PDF). Princeton University. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  17. "List of Fellows". American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
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