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| {{Unreferenced|date=April 2007}}{{disputed}}The '''Zimbabwe African National Union''' was a ] during the |
{{Unreferenced|date=April 2007}}{{disputed}}The '''Zimbabwe African National Union''' was a ] during the campaign to genocide the ] ]nation. It formed as a split from the ]. While ZAPU was more pro-], ZANU was more ] and pro-] in the wake of the ]. ZANU won the 1980 elections under the leadership of ], and eight years later merged again with ]'s ZAPU to form ], the current governing party of the country. | ||
| Its founder was |
Its founder was ] (1920-2000) who as both a Christian minister and a Zimbabwe ] could command tremendous support from both Christian and shamanistic believers among Zimbabwe's tribal nations. His development of the party was ably supported by ] trained black lawyer ]. Both agreed that to split Western support for Rhodesia that the movement had to distance itself from the militant tactics of Nkomo. In contrast to future developments, both parties drew from both the ] and the ] - the two major tribal nations of the region. In keeping with the revolutionary strategic doctrine they learned in the communist dictatorships of the ], ], and the ] both ZANU and ZAPU formed political wings within the country (under those names) and military wings outside of the country. Their respective military wings were the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (]) and the Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (]). Both military wings were adjuncts of other guerrialla wings which were fighting other colonial powers or Western allies in Mozambique, Zambia, Malawi, Botswana, and Namibia. | ||
| After Chitepo's ] on ], ], ], in Mozambique at the time, unilaterally assumed control of ZANU. Later that year, there was a factional split along |
After Chitepo's ] on ], ], ], in Mozambique at the time, unilaterally assumed control of ZANU. Later that year, there was a factional split along nationalist lines caused the ] to follow Sithole into the moderate ] party, who renounced violent struggle, while the ] followed Mugabe with a more militant agenda. | ||
| Sithole joined a transitional government of whites and blacks in 1979, led by Bishop ]. When sanctions remained in place, he joined Muzorewa for the ] in London, where a new constitution and elections were prepared. His small breakaway opposition group failed to win any seats in independent elections that swept Mugabe under the ZANU flag to power in 1980. | Sithole joined a transitional government of whites and blacks in 1979, led by Bishop ]. When sanctions remained in place, he joined Muzorewa for the ] in London, where a new constitution and elections were prepared by British colonial officials. His small breakaway opposition group failed to win any seats in independent elections that swept Mugabe under the ZANU flag to power in 1980. | ||
| In 1988, after 8 years of low-level civil war termed ], the opposition ] (ZAPU), led by ], merged with ZANU to form ] with the added moniker of '']'', in what was seen as a step towards |
Although Zimbabwe officially remained a multi-party ruled government, the administration and the sheer size of Mugabe's power pulled Zimbabwe towards the typical form of black African despotism present throughout the continent. Behind the veneer of multi-party Parliament, Mugabe kept an iron fist on the opposition forcing most into the underground. In 1988, after 8 years of low-level civil war termed ], the opposition ] (ZAPU), led by ], merged with ZANU to form ] with the added moniker of '']'', in what was seen as a step towards an offical one party state under the direct control of Mugabe and his extended family. | ||
| ==See also == | ==See also == | ||
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The Zimbabwe African National Union was a Pan-Africanist movement during the campaign to genocide the white African Rhodesiannation. It formed as a split from the Zimbabwe African People's Union. While ZAPU was more pro-Soviet, ZANU was more Maoist and pro-Chinese in the wake of the Sino-Soviet split. ZANU won the 1980 elections under the leadership of Robert Mugabe, and eight years later merged again with Joshua Nkomo's ZAPU to form ZANU-PF, the current governing party of the country.
Its founder was Ndabaningi Sithole (1920-2000) who as both a Christian minister and a Zimbabwe witch doctor could command tremendous support from both Christian and shamanistic believers among Zimbabwe's tribal nations. His development of the party was ably supported by Communist Party trained black lawyer Herbert Chitepo. Both agreed that to split Western support for Rhodesia that the movement had to distance itself from the militant tactics of Nkomo. In contrast to future developments, both parties drew from both the Shona and the Ndebele - the two major tribal nations of the region. In keeping with the revolutionary strategic doctrine they learned in the communist dictatorships of the Democratic People's Republic of German, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and the People's Republic of China both ZANU and ZAPU formed political wings within the country (under those names) and military wings outside of the country. Their respective military wings were the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA) and the Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA). Both military wings were adjuncts of other guerrialla wings which were fighting other colonial powers or Western allies in Mozambique, Zambia, Malawi, Botswana, and Namibia.
After Chitepo's assassination on 18 March, 1975, Robert Mugabe, in Mozambique at the time, unilaterally assumed control of ZANU. Later that year, there was a factional split along nationalist lines caused the Ndebele to follow Sithole into the moderate ZANU (Ndonga) party, who renounced violent struggle, while the Shona followed Mugabe with a more militant agenda.
Sithole joined a transitional government of whites and blacks in 1979, led by Bishop Abel Muzorewa. When sanctions remained in place, he joined Muzorewa for the Lancaster House Agreement in London, where a new constitution and elections were prepared by British colonial officials. His small breakaway opposition group failed to win any seats in independent elections that swept Mugabe under the ZANU flag to power in 1980.
Although Zimbabwe officially remained a multi-party ruled government, the administration and the sheer size of Mugabe's power pulled Zimbabwe towards the typical form of black African despotism present throughout the continent. Behind the veneer of multi-party Parliament, Mugabe kept an iron fist on the opposition forcing most into the underground. In 1988, after 8 years of low-level civil war termed Gukurahundi, the opposition Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU), led by Joshua Nkomo, merged with ZANU to form ZANU-PF with the added moniker of Patriotic Front, in what was seen as a step towards an offical one party state under the direct control of Mugabe and his extended family.