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Over the years, there have been several controversial issues highlighted in Bill O'Reilly's print and broadcast work. He has drawn criticism from others who include Al Franken, Michael Savage, George Clooney, Joe Scarborough, Jon Stewart, Keith Olbermann, Media Matters for America, David Letterman, Michael Kinsley, and Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting, usually in response to criticism by him or disputes of his factual accuracy.

Academic studies

On May 2nd 2007, researchers from the Indiana University Media Relations Department published the findings of a study that analyzed the "talking points memo" which start the beginning of the O'Reilly Factor show. Using analysis techniques developed in the 1930's by the Institute for Propaganda Analysis, the comments and style of Bill O'Reilly was compared to a 1939 study of Father Charles Coughlin. Among the conclusions where that O'Reilly used propoganda far more often than Coughlin, and that he was three times more likely to be a "..name caller." The report also concluded that "Our results show a consistent pattern of O'Reilly casting non-Americans in a negative light. Both illegal aliens and foreigners were constructed as physical threats to the public and never featured in the role of victim or hero." Bill O'Reilly criticized the study stating, "The terms 'conservative,' 'liberal,' 'left,' 'right,' 'progressive,' 'traditional' or 'centrist' were treated as name calling if they were associated with a problem or social ill."

Critics and rivals

Bill O'Reilly is the host of a cable news program on U.S. television. As such, O'Reilly has been involved in numerous controversies with various people and organizations. Some of the more notable are Media Matters for America, Al Franken, and Keith Olbermann.

Media Matters for America

Media Matters for America is a politically progressive, web-based, non-profit organization that reports and criticizes what it describes as "conservative misinformation in the U.S. media." O'Reilly is often the subject of Media Matters' online reports, which criticize O'Reilly for what they describe as partisanship and selective coverage. O'Reilly has referred to Media Matters as "smear merchants," and "the most vile, despicable human beings on the planet," and has expressed distaste for the site because he says that it is funded by wealthy liberal George Soros. Media Matters maintains that it has never received funding from Soros "either directly or through another organization."

Media Matters founder David Brock says that he has repeatedly requested that O'Reilly permit him on O'Reilly's program and that O'Reilly has refused. Media Matters also says that O’Reilly has not been able to specifically challenge the accuracy of Media Matters’s reporting.

Controversy about O'Reilly's childhood home

O'Reilly has long said that his inspiration for speaking up for average Americans, or what he calls "the folks", are his working-class roots. He has pointed to his boyhood home in lower-middle-class Levittown, New York as a credential. Based on a Washington Post interview, Al Franken and others have claimed that O'Reilly did not grow up in Levittown, but instead in a neighboring village, Westbury. The source the Post used for their assertion was O'Reilly's mother, who, at the time a profile of O'Reilly was published in 2000, still lived in his childhood home. The issue was originally brought up by Michael Kinsley in an Op-Ed piece.

O'Reilly has alleged that the Washington Post misquoted his mother, though he is on the record saying his mother still lives in his childhood home. O'Reilly placed a copy of the deed to the house on his website, which shows that the property had title and a postal address in Levittown. The date on the deed indicates his parents bought a new or nearly new home in 1951 in the Levittown development, a mass-produced housing development, constructed by William Levitt between 1947 and 1952, that was to become an archetype for suburbia.

William Levitt typically bought open farmland for development and it is unlikely that the Levittown development in Westbury resembled the older, westerly parts of the village. The Washington Post confirms that the O'Reilly family home was built by William Levitt, hence the controversy arises from the redrawing of political boundaries. Levittown was redrawn into a squarish shape to conform with the 11756 Zip Code. Zip codes were introduced in 1963. After this time the home was located in Westbury. The redrawing of political maps resulted in a similar controversy regarding musician Billy Joel's Levittown family home which was annexed by neighboring Hicksville.

O'Reilly has also said, "You don't come from any lower than I came from on an economic scale" and that his father "never earned more than $35,000 a year in his life." Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting has calculated that adjusted for inflation, $35,000 in 1978 would be worth over $90,000 in 2001 dollars.

Disputed claims involving the "War on Christmas"

In the wake of O'Reilly's promotion of the so-called "War on Christmas", Media Matters for America posted several reports on their website with links to news articles from Michigan’s WNEM, the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, and the Washington Post, as well as one retraction by O’Reilly himself noting that several of O'Reilly’s allegations to support his theory were either false or inaccurate.

Al Franken

Franken book controversy

Al Franken's 2003 book Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them: A Fair and Balanced Look At the Right included a picture of O'Reilly on the cover and a chapter devoted to him inside. In his book, Franken accused O'Reilly of distorting facts to make himself look better. The two men participated in a panel discussion at the 2003 BookExpoAmerica (which was televised on C-Span). Franken described O'Reilly's denial of erroneous statements regarding receiving two Peabody Awards. After Franken spoke, the two men argued. The link to the video of the full discussion is provided at the following footnote.

After their Book TV appearances, Fox News sued Franken for trademark infringement over the use of the phrase "fair and balanced" in the book's title. O'Reilly has consistently said that he was not involved in the lawsuit. Once the case reached court, the presiding judge dismissed the lawsuit as "wholly without merit". O'Reilly later said he had considered personally suing Franken for defamation but was told that, as a public person, the standard of proof would be too high to sustain a lawsuit.

Alleged Selective Editing

In an Air America broadcast on the Sundance Channel, Franken alleged O'Reilly "selective edited" a June 5, 2005 interview of Senator Joseph Biden by George Stephanopoulos. (The broadcast can be viewed here.) In the interview Biden proposed the submission of legislation for an independent commission to look into wrongdoing in the U.S. Army's prison system at Guantanamo Bay, Abu Ghraib and elsewhere. Franken alleged that when O'Reilly cited the same interview on The Factor, Biden's entire explanation of an independent commission policy was edited out and only Biden's call to shut down Guantanamo Bay was presented. O'Reilly then alleged that Biden was misusing the prison abuse story and presented his own very similar opinion: "The Bush administration should set up an independent commission to investigate American detainee policy across the board. The president must take the offensive on this, or else the country's image will continue to suffer and the jihadists and their enablers will win another victory." Franken criticized this as a misrepresentation by O'Reilly.

Peabody Award

O'Reilly incorrectly claimed at a February 10, 2001 speech at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Daytona Beach, Florida, that Inside Edition, a show he had previously anchored, had won a Peabody Award. After watching an airing of the speech a couple weeks later on C-SPAN, Al Franken stated that he performed a search on LexisNexis and found three previous occasions dating back to August 30 1999 where O'Reilly had repeated the incorrect claim. On at least one occasion, O'Reilly used the first-person pronoun "we" and said the show won (plural) "Peabody Awards". Franken called O'Reilly for a statement and O'Reilly admitted he had made an error, correcting himself and stating that the show had won a George Polk Award and not a Peabody. Further research that Franken documented in his book Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them reveals that the Polk award was given one year after O'Reilly's tenure at Inside Edition and for work O'Reilly had not been involved with.

Franken called Lloyd Grove, a reporter for The Washington Post, who called O'Reilly and asked him about his statements. O'Reilly offered an admission of error, saying "...So I got mixed up between a Peabody Award and a Polk Award...". Grove published the story on March 1 2001 in his column "The Reliable Source".

On March 8, Robert Reno of Newsday wrote in an op/ed piece, "O'Reilly also has repeatedly boasted of his Peabody Awards... Actually, he has never won a Peabody...he got it confused with the Polk Award...which had been won by "Inside Edition".O'Reilly rejected the characterization and stated that he was misquoted and had never made the attribution of having personally won the award. Franken and other critics have pointed to O'Reilly's use of "we" to question his claims that he never suggested he personally received a Peabody. On the March 13 2001 edition of The O'Reilly Factor, during a discussion on "attack journalism" O'Reilly said of the incident: "Guy says about me, couple weeks ago, "O’Reilly said he won a Peabody Award." Never said it. You can’t find a transcript where I said it. You—there is no one on earth you could bring in that would say I said it. Robert Reno in Newsday, a columnist, writes in his column, calls me a liar, all right? And it’s totally fabricated. That’s attack journalism. It’s dishonest, it’s disgusting, and it hurts reputations."

Keith Olbermann

Olbermann's show Countdown, which airs opposite The O'Reilly Factor, is highly critical of O'Reilly. Olbermann frequently targets O'Reilly in the "Worst Person in the World" segment of the program. On Countdown Olbermann had also previously initiated an unsuccessful campaign to "Save the Tapes", referring to the rumor that there exist tapes of O'Reilly making lurid phone sex calls to Andrea Mackris, a former producer of his show. Mackris sued O'Reilly for sexual harassment and the suit was settled out of court. O'Reilly also sued Mackris for attempted extortion. Olbermann often references the lawsuit on Countdown.

Disputes of factual accuracy

Boycott of French goods and "The Paris Business Review"

In March 2003, O'Reilly called for a boycott of French products and services sold in the United States, due to President Jacques Chirac's stance on the 2003 invasion of Iraq. In April 27 2004; O'Reilly claimed “they’ve lost billions of dollars in France” as a direct result of his boycott, referring to "The Paris Business Review" as his source, a publication that doesn't exist. O'Reilly then claimed about two months later (July 6 2004) that the boycott caused France to lose $138 million in business compared to the previous year.

On Comedy Central's The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, October 18, 2005, O'Reilly confirmed that the boycott is still in place, referring to the French as "our enemies". Approximately a week later, O'Reilly claimed that the French ambassador had been sent to New York "to try to talk me out of" the boycott. As late as February 2006 O'Reilly said in his show that "those who supported us, like Britain and Denmark, should be rewarded. Those who did not, like France and Spain, must be held accountable." Spain committed troops in Iraq at the beginning of the war, although they were one of the first countries to withdraw their forces.

A survey conducted by Weber Shandwick in May 2003 found that 43% of U.S. citizens reported they were "less likely" to buy French products because of France's opposition to the U.S. invasion of Iraq. An O'Dwyer's PR Services Report article of June, 2003 notes that "French sales in the United States represent $28 billion USD a year, making the United States the most important commercial partner of France after the EU."

The CBC and Media Matters for America have stated that French exports to the US increased during the period of O'Reilly's boycott, citing U.S. Census Bureau figures.

Iraq War

Bill O'Reilly regularly discusses the topic of the war in Iraq on his radio and television programs. These segments are criticized by anti-war activists, liberal watchdog groups and even by a Marine officer's letter to the like-minded Time magazine.

Cindy Sheehan

Over a year after her son Casey died, mother turned anti-Iraq War activist Cindy Sheehan began a protest outside of Crawford, Texas, where President George W. Bush was spending time at his Prairie Chapel Ranch. O'Reilly stated that Sheehan's behavior may, in the eyes of some, border on treason. He later said, "So it's obvious Cindy Sheehan has become a political player, whose primary concern is embarrassing the president. She is no longer just a protester. I don't think she ever has been, by the way." In an interview with Phil Donahue on September 23 2005, O'Reilly referred to Cindy Sheehan as "clueless". He included her on his October 2005 "Cowards List", which he described as comprised of "people who will not stand up and answer questions about their bomb-throwing statements." On January 4 2006, he remarked, "She's run by far-left elements who are using her, and she's dumb enough to allow it to happen. It's not a vilification, it's a fact."

Weapons of mass destruction

On ABC's Good Morning America on 18 March, 2003, O'Reilly said "If the Americans go in and overthrow Saddam Hussein and it's clean, he has nothing, I will apologize to the nation, and I will not trust the Bush administration again." On February 10, 2004, during a Good Morning America broadcast, O'Reilly said, "My analysis was wrong and I'm sorry. I was wrong. I'm not pleased about it at all…I am much more skeptical of the Bush administration now than I was at that time." While he continues to support the U.S. presence in Iraq, he remains critical of how the Bush administration is handling some aspects of policy. He believes the U.S. is not relying enough on Iraqi military support and is critical of the administration's failure to secure Iraqi borders. He has also criticized the time it takes to train Iraqi security forces, as compared to U.S recruit training.

Controversial topics discussed by O'Reilly

Jennifer Moore

Jennifer Moore was an eighteen-year-old woman from New Jersey who was raped and murdered during the end of July, 2006, on New York's West Side Highway. Bill O'Reilly said on August 7, 2006, on his Radio Factor show: "These two girls come in from the suburbs and they get bombed and their car is towed because they're moronic girls. Now Moore Jennifer Moore, 18, on her way to college, she was 5-foot-2, 105 pounds, wearing a miniskirt and a halter top with a bare midriff. Now again, there you go. So every predator in the world is gonna pick that up at two in the morning. She's walking by herself on the West Side Highway, and she gets picked up by a thug. All right. Now she's out of her mind, drunk." On MSNBC that very same day, Tucker Carlson commented on the quote. Carlson suggested O'Reilly might be blaming the victim: "So, she's got a halter top with a bare midriff and she's drunk; therefore, she gets raped and murdered, as if that's natural? That's what happens when you've got a bare midriff and you're loaded? Not in my America, buddy. Pretty low standards. I mean, I don't know if O'Reilly is attempting to blame her for luring this guy in or what, but the fact is, it's sick all the way around. You ought to be able to wear whatever you want on our streets and not get raped and murdered. Period."

Jeremy Glick

On his televised program on February 4, 2003, O'Reilly interviewed Jeremy Glick, an author whose father had been killed in the World Trade Center attacks. Glick had signed an anti-war ad that made comments relating the September 11 attacks to atrocities in Baghdad, Panama City and Vietnam. O'Reilly told Glick that he doubted that Glick's father would approve of his anti-war stance. After Glick accused O'Reilly of evoking "9/11 to rationalize everything from domestic plunder to imperialistic aggression worldwide", and also of evoking "sympathy with the 9/11 families" to do the same, O'Reilly became visibly angered with Glick, stating "That's a bunch of crap. I've done more for the 9/11 families by their own admission — I've done more for them than you will ever hope to do" (O'Reilly may have had in mind his dealings with the American Red Cross and the United Way). The short and heated segment ended with O'Reilly giving the command to his staff to cut Glick's microphone. Returning from the commercial break after the interview O'Reilly stated to his audience, "If I knew that guy Jeremy Glick was gonna be like that I never would have brought him in here. I feel bad for his family, I really do."

Military recruitment in San Francisco schools

On November 8 2005, the voters of San Francisco approved Proposition I/College Not Combat, a ballot measure that declared the city's opposition to "the federal government's use of public schools to recruit students for service in the military." In response, O'Reilly stated on his radio show, "You know, if I'm the president of the United States, I walk right in to Union Square, I set up my little presidential podium, and I say listen, citizens of San Francisco, if you vote against military recruiting, you're not going to get another nickel in federal funds. Fine. You want to be your own country? Go right ahead. And if Al Qaeda comes in here and blows you up, we're not going to do anything about it....We're going to say, "Look, every other place in America is off limits to you, except San Francisco. You want to blow up the Coit Tower? Go ahead." San Francisco Supervisor Chris Daly responded, calling for O'Reilly's termination. O'Reilly refused to apologize, and claimed that his comments had been "obviously satirical." The proposition's author, Todd Chretien, appeared on The O'Reilly Factor in response and stated that to the people of San Francisco, the proposition itself was "no laughing matter."

Fox Broadcasting Company Special on O.J. Simpson

In response to a planned two-part special on O.J. Simpson by Fox Broadcasting Company, O'Reilly threatened to boycott any company that advertises on the television program. "I'm not going to watch the Simpson show or even look at the book," he also said, "If any company sponsors the TV program, I will not buy anything that company sells - ever."

The special talks about Simpson's new book, If I Did It. O'Reilly has said that "If every American walked away from the O.J. garbage, it wouldn't happen."

CEO and Chairman of the parent company, News Corporation, Rupert Murdoch had not responded to the controversy initially. Howard Rubenstein, a spokesman for Murdoch, has said that "I can't reach him (Murdoch) today," "I would have no comment for him." ReganBooks, the publisher of Simpson's new book, is a subsidiary of HarperCollins, which is also owned by News Corporation. The book and TV special were later cancelled.

Shawn Hornbeck

Shawn Hornbeck (a former missing child) was found living with 41 year old Michael J. Devlin on January 12, 2007. Hornbeck had apparently been kidnapped by Devlin in 2002 at the age of 11. After being discovered, it was revealed that at some point in that 4 years Devlin had given Hornbeck the freedom to get on the internet, ride his bike, and have friends over. Many members of the media speculated that Hornbeck apparently did not try to escape because of Stockholm syndrome. On January 16, 2007's edition of The O'Reilly Factor, O'Reilly called this analysis into question. He said that he doesn't believe in the Stockholm Syndrome, and that the boy probably preferred not going to school, and playing video games to living with his parents. O'Reilly said: "The situation here, for this kid, looks to me to be a lot more fun than what he had under his old parents. He didn't have to go to school, he could run around and do whatever he wanted…there was an element here that this kid liked about this circumstance." He then went on to say that Hornbeck was probably maladjusted before being abducted. He supported his comments with the fact that Shawn had piercings and that O'Reilly himself had once taught high school. O'Reilly promised to apologize if he were found wrong. Following his comments, the Naples, Florida Chapter of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children announced that O'Reilly's appearance at a fundraiser where he was to give the keynote address was cancelled. He was replaced by John Walsh.

See also

• Bill O'Reilly
• Fox News Channel
• The O'Reilly Factor

References

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