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| The '''British Raj''' is an informal term for the period of British rule of the Indian subcontinent, or present-day ], ] and ]. It lasted from the late ] until ], when ] succeeded. | The '''British Raj''' is an informal term for the period of ] rule of the ], or present-day ], ] and ]. It lasted from the late ] until ], when ] succeeded. | ||
| The first |
The first British outpost in ] was established in ] at ] on the northwestern coast. Later in the century, the ] opened permanent trading stations at ], ], and ], each under the protection of native rulers. | ||
| The British expanded their influence from these footholds until, by the ], they controlled most of present-day India, |
The British expanded their influence from these footholds until, by the ], they controlled most of present-day India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. In ], a rebellion in north India led by mutinous Indian soldiers caused the British ] to transfer all political power from the East India Company to the Crown. Great Britain began administering most of India directly, while controlling the rest through treaties with local rulers. | ||
| In the late ], the first steps were taken toward self-government in "'''British India'''" with the appointment of Indian councilors to advise the British viceroy and the establishment of provincial councils with Indian members; the British subsequently widened participation in legislative councils. Beginning in ], Indian leader ] |
In the late ], the first steps were taken toward self-government in "'''British India'''" with the appointment of Indian councilors to advise the British viceroy and the establishment of provincial councils with Indian members; the British subsequently widened participation in legislative councils. Beginning in ], Indian leader ] transformed the Indian ] into a mass movement to campaign against British colonial rule. The movement eventually succeeded in bringing about independence by means of parliamentary speech, ]. | ||
| '''See also:''' | '''See also:''' | ||
Revision as of 05:44, 24 August 2003
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This article is part of the History of South Asia series. |
| Indus Valley civilization |
| Vedic civilization |
| Middle kingdoms of India |
| Islamic Empires in India |
| Mogul Era |
| Company rule in India |
| British Raj |
| Indian independence movement |
The British Raj is an informal term for the period of British rule of the Indian subcontinent, or present-day India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. It lasted from the late 18th century until 1947, when India's independence movement succeeded.
The first British outpost in South Asia was established in 1619 at Surat on the northwestern coast. Later in the century, the British East India Company opened permanent trading stations at Madras, Bombay, and Calcutta, each under the protection of native rulers.
The British expanded their influence from these footholds until, by the 1850s, they controlled most of present-day India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. In 1857, a rebellion in north India led by mutinous Indian soldiers caused the British Parliament to transfer all political power from the East India Company to the Crown. Great Britain began administering most of India directly, while controlling the rest through treaties with local rulers.
In the late 1800s, the first steps were taken toward self-government in "British India" with the appointment of Indian councilors to advise the British viceroy and the establishment of provincial councils with Indian members; the British subsequently widened participation in legislative councils. Beginning in 1920, Indian leader Mohandas K. Gandhi transformed the Indian National Congress party into a mass movement to campaign against British colonial rule. The movement eventually succeeded in bringing about independence by means of parliamentary speech, nonviolent resistance and noncooperation.
See also: