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The Albanians are the people of the western Balkan peninsula, numbering today approximately six million. Due to the high rate of immigration of various ethnic groups throughout the Balkans in the last two decades, exact figures are difficult to obtain. A tenuous breakdown of Albanians by location is as follows:

• 3,087,159 in Albania according to the preliminary data from the 2001 census , but estimates for 2002 put it at around 3,544,841
• 1,303,034 in Serbia (mostly in Kosovo) according to the last census of 1981, including refugees abroad following the conflict of 1998-1999.
• 40,415 in Montenegro according to the 1991 census; an estimated 50,000 today.
• 440,000 in the Republic of Macedonia in the 1994 census, an estimated 500,000 today.
• 100,000 Albanians in southern Italy, mostly in the Calabria region, the majority having arrived since 1991
• According to unofficial estimates , over 500,000 in Greece (Orthodox Albanians - Arvanites, Cham Albanians, Albanian nationals). Most of these are illegal; official figures show only about 150,000.

Some believe the Albanians to be descendants of the Illyrians while others give them origins that date back to 1043 when they were first mentioned in the Balkans. Islam replaced Christianity as the majority religion during the period of Ottoman Turkish rule from the 15th century until 1912, though Eastern Orthodox Christianity and Roman Catholicism are also practiced. Among the poorest of the Continent's nationalities, in the latter half of the 20th century Albanians experienced the highest rate of natural population growth of any of Europe's major indigenous ethnic groups, increasing their numbers from 1.5 million around 1900 and fewer than 2.5 million in 1950.

Albanian Nationalism

Both Kosovo (a Serbian province though governed since June 1999 by a NATO-led international force) and western Macedonia have in recent years seen armed extremist movements (Kosovo Liberation Army, UCPMB, Macedonian NLA) aimed at stopping human right violations and eventual independence in Kosovo and increased rights of Albanians in Macedonia.

The fate of Kosovo remains uncertain owing to the reluctance of the Albanian majority to contemplate a restoration of Serbian sovereignty and of the United Nations and NATO to separate the territory definitively from Serbia in contravention of UN Security Council Resolution 1244 from 1999. August of 2003 was marked by renewed terrorist attacks by the ANA (Albanian National Army) both against Serb border guards and Serb civilians in which case two children were killed.

The situation in Macedonia seems to have been resolved by giving the Albanian minority greater government representation and the right to use the Albanian language in education and government.

Ethnic Albanians

Albanian is also a term often given to what would otherwise be called an ethnic Albanian. This is usually someone who is considered by himself or others to be Albanian or of Albanian descent. Several distinguishing characteristics might be:

• Cultural connection with Albanian culture
• Speaking the Albanian language
• Having ancestors who lived in Albania or an area out of which the current Albanian state was formed (i.e. the occupied lands that were part of the Ottoman Empire)

There are ethnic Albanian minorities in several European countries, as well as in the United States, Canada, and Australia.

See Also

• Kosovo
• Çameria
• Demographics of Albania
• History of Albania
• History of the Republic of Macedonia
• Kosovo war
• List of Albanians

External Links

• Home of Albanians Online