| Revision as of 02:35, 17 June 2007 editHanksname (talk | contribs)38 edits ←Created page with 'A Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) is an examination of genetic variation across the human genome, designed to identify genetic associations with observable tra...' | Revision as of 02:16, 20 June 2007 edit undoAlaibot (talk | contribs)434,501 editsm Robot: tagging uncategorised pageNext edit → | ||
| Line 27: | Line 27: | ||
| * | * | ||
| * | * | ||
| {{Uncategorized|date=June 2007}} | |||
Revision as of 02:16, 20 June 2007
A Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) is an examination of genetic variation across the human genome, designed to identify genetic associations with observable traits, such as blood pressure or weight, or why some people get a disease or condition.
The completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003 made it possible to find the genetic contributions to common diseases and analyze whole-genome samples for genetic variations that contribute to their onset.
To conduct a Genome-Wide Association Study requires two groups of participants: people with the disease and similar people without. After obtaining samples from each participant their complete set of DNA is scanned into computers. The computers survey each participant's genome for selected markers of genetic variation, which are called single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs.
If genetic variations are more frequent in people with the disease the variations are said to be "associated" with the disease. The associated genetic variations are then considered pointers to the region of the human genome where the disease-causing problem resides.
Why are these a good idea?
Humans differ in genetic makeup by only 0.1%, but that small part of the genome contains the key differences that can determine a person’s susceptibility to disease. GWA Studies allow researchers to identify factors in many areas, including asthma, cancer, diabetes, heart disease and mental illness research and clinical care.
What are the challenges?
As people have migrated and married over generations, it has become more difficult to limit studies to biological data; for example, people with tuberculosis moving to Colorado might lead to conclusions that Colorado people are biologically inclined to Tuberculosis if correction for population stratification is not properly factored in.
What is an example of a successful GWA Study?
In 2005 it was learned through GWA Studies that age-related macular degeneration is associated with variation in the gene for complement factor H, which produces a protein that regulates inflammation.
References
- Genome-wide Association Studies - Are the Long-Promised Benefits of the Human Genome Project on the Horizon?
- Taking geography out of genetics
- Genome-Wide Association Studies
 | This article has not been added to any content categories. Please help out by adding categories to it so that it can be listed with similar articles. (June 2007) |