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The term developed country, or advanced country, is used to categorize countries with developed economies in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors of industry dominate.

This level of economic development usually translates into a high income per capita and a high Human Development Index (HDI). Countries with high gross domestic product (GDP) per capita often fit the above description of a developed economy. However, anomalies exist when determining "developed" status by the factor GDP per capita alone.

Synonyms

Modern terms synonymous with the term developed/advanced country include industrialized countries, more developed countries (MDC) and more economically developed countries (MEDC). The term industrialized country may be ambiguous, as industrialization is an ongoing process that is hard to define. The term MEDC is one used by modern geographers to specifically describe the status of the countries referred to: more economically developed. The first industrialised country was England, followed by Germany, France, the remainder of the United Kingdom and other Western European countires. According to economists such as Jeffrey Sachs, however, the current divide between the developed and developing world is largely a phenomenon of the 20 century, noting that until the post World War II era most persons in all soceities were impoverished.

Definition

According to the United Nations definition, "There is no established convention for the designation of "developed" and "developing" countries or areas. In common practice, Japan in Asia, Canada and the United States in North America, Australia and New Zealand in Oceania, and Western Europe are considered "developed" regions or areas. In international trade statistics, the Southern African Customs Union is also treated as a developed region and Israel as a developed country; and countries of eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.) countries in Europe are not included under either developed or developing regions." Nowadays the more comprehensive group of "developed countries" also covers the East Asian Tigers (Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan). Hong Kong has long been considered developed by the IMF which grants the formal classification of developed countries. Although Hong Kong was handed over to the People's Republic of China (PRC), which is a developing country, it is still considered internationally as separate economic entities (as it has its own currencies - the Hong Kong Dollar) and a separate political system according to the Basic Law of Hong Kong. Due to the difference between its economy and that of mainland China, its territory retain its own border and custom controls.

When using GDP/cap to define "developed" status, one must take into account how some countries have achieved a (usually temporarily) high GDP/cap through natural resource exploitation (e.g., Nauru through phosphate extraction and Equatorial Guinea) without developing the diverse industrial and service-based economy necessary for "developed" status — similarly, the Bahamas, Barbados, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis depend overwhelmingly on the tourist industry.

Despite their high per capita GDP, the GCC countries in the Middle East, Brunei and Trinidad and Tobago are generally not considered developed countries because their economies depend overwhelmingly on oil production and export; in many cases (notably Saudi Arabia), per capita GDP is also skewed by an unequal distribution of wealth. Some of these countries, especially Bahrain, and Trinidad and Tobago have begun to diversify their economies.

Quality-of-life Survey

Another relative research about standard of living by Economist Intelligence Unit or EIU Quality-of-life Survey refers the top thirty countries with the best quality of life (in ranking order): Ireland, Switzerland, Norway, Luxembourg, Sweden, Australia, Iceland, Italy, Denmark, Spain, Singapore, Finland, United States, Canada, New Zealand, Netherlands, Japan, Hong Kong, Portugal, Austria, Taiwan, Greece, Cyprus, Belgium, France, Germany, Slovenia, Malta, United Kingdom and South Korea.

Human Development Index

The UN HDI is a statistical measure that gauges a country's level of human development. All countries listed below as "advanced" (as of 2007) - possess an HDI over 0.9 (as of 2004), and all countries possessing an HDI of 0.9 and over (as of 2004) - are listed below as "advanced" (as of 2007), so an "advanced" country (as of 2007) may temporarily be roughly-defined as a country the HDI of which is over 0.9 (as of 2004). However, this unofficial temporary definition may mislead: it was not valid before 2004 and may no longer be valid in the future.

Countries with an HDI between 0.8 and 0.9 — though not corresponding to what the conventional definition of being a "advanced" country is — exhibit high development, and those with an HDI between 0.5 and 0.8 (including many of the former Soviet and Eastern Bloc states) - exhibit moderate development.

Lists of advanced economic entities

While there is no official guideline for which country may or may not be considered developed, different institutions have created certain categories for the economically most prosperous countries. The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has identifies 34 "developed countries," the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identifies 28 "advanced economies" while the World Bank identifies 60 "high income countries." The criteria used to create these lists differ across these organizations as does the placement of certain countries.

CIA developed country list

According to the CIA the following are classified as "developed countries (DCs)":

•  Andorra	•  Finland	•  Italy	•  Norway	•  United States
•  Australia	•  France	•  Japan	•  Portugal
•  Austria	•  Germany	•  Liechtenstein	•  San Marino
•  Belgium	•  Greece	•  Luxembourg	•  South Africa
•  Bermuda	•  Holy See	•  Malta	•  Spain
•  Canada	•  Iceland	•  Monaco	•  Sweden
•  Denmark	•  Ireland	•  Netherlands	•  Turkey
•  Faroe Islands	•  Israel	•  New Zealand	•  United Kingdom

IMF advanced economy list

According to the International Monetary Fund the following 28 countries are classified as "advaced economies:"

•  Australia	•  Iceland	•  Singapore
•  Austria	•  Ireland	•  Slovenia
•  Belgium	•  Israel	•  Spain
•  Canada	•  Italy	•  Sweden
•  Cyprus	•  Japan	•   Switzerland
•  Denmark	•  South Korea	•  Taiwan
•  Finland	•  Luxembourg	•  United Kingdom
•  Germany	•  New Zealand	•  United States
•  Greece	•  Norway
•  Hong Kong	•  Portugal

World Bank high income country list

"High income countries" are defined as countries with a Gross National Income per capita of $10,726 of more. According to the World Bank the following 60 countries were categorized as high income economies as of 2007:

•  Andorra	•  France	•  Netherlands
• Antigua and Barbuda	•  French Polynesia	•  Netherlands Antilles
•  Aruba	•  Germany	•  New Caledonia
•  Australia	•  Greece	•  New Zealand
•  Austria	•  Greenland	•  Norway
•  Bahamas	•  Guam	•  Portugal
•  Bahrain	•  Hong Kong, China	•  Puerto Rico
•  Barbados	•  Iceland	•  Qatar
•  Belgium	•  Ireland	•  San Marino
•  Bermuda	•  Isle of Man	•  Saudi Arabia
•  Brunei	•  Israel	•  Singapore
•  Canada	•  Italy	•  Slovenia
•  Cayman Islands	•  Japan	•  Spain
• Channel Islands	•  South Korea	•  Sweden
•  Cyprus	•  Kuwait	•   Switzerland
•  Czech Republic	•  Liechtenstein	•  Trinidad and Tobago
•  Denmark	•  Luxembourg	•  United Arab Emirates
•  Estonia	•  Macau, China	•  United Kingdom
• Faeroe Islands	•  Malta	•  United States
•  Finland	•  Monaco	• Virgin Islands (U.S.)

Other parts of the world

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Countries considered likely to join the ranks of developed nations in the future must pass further major hurdles (e.g., debt, diversification, democratisation, crackdown on crime and corruption, lowering unemployment, education reform, development of a middle class) to attain full-fledged developed status; however, they have sufficient wealth to currently enjoy some benefits of "developed" status.

Eurasia

• Russia was also considered developed by some organizations and belongs to the G8. This was mainly due to the fact it was once one of the world's leading superpowers during 1960's - 1980's, but it has recently faced many problems such as rampant corruption, outdated technology, ill management of public infrastructure, power, and communications, poor banking system and the lack of corporate governance, transparency and poor business ethics. Modernization and intergradation to Europe are still in process and its GDP per capita - PPP ($12,096) and HDI (0.797 - medium) clearly place Russia among the developing countries and should not be considered developed.
• Turkey: The economy of Turkey is a complex mix of traditional craftsmanship and modern heavy industry. Agriculture still accounts for the largest segment of employment. As of March 2007, Turkey is the world's largest producer of hazelnut, fig, apricot, cherry, quince and pomegranate; the second largest producer of cucumber, watermellon and chickpea; the third largest producer of tomato, eggplant, green pepper and lentil; the fourth largest producer of onion and olive; the fifth largest producer of sugar beet; the sixth largest producer of tobacco, tea and apple; the seventh largest producer of cotton and barley; the eighth largest producer of almond; the ninth largest producer of wheat, rye and grapefruit, and the tenth largest producer of lemon. Fishing is another important part of the economy. In the recent years, Turkish companies have become prominent players in the textiles, electronics, white goods and automotive industries. Turkey's Vestel Electronics is the largest TV producer in Europe, accounting for a quarter of all TV sets manufactured and sold on the continent. By January 2005, Vestel and its rival Turkish electronics and white goods brand BEKO accounted for more than half of all TV sets manufactured in Europe. Another Turkish electronics brand, Profilo-Telra, was Europe's third largest TV producer in 2005.. Turkey also has a large and growing automotive industry, which produced 1,024,987 vehicles in 2006, ranking as the 6th largest automotive producer in Europe, behind Germany, France, Spain, Britain and Italy, respectively. Turkey is considered "developed" by the CIA (though not by the World Bank nor by the IMF). However, it's not considered "advanced" by any international organization (including the CIA), while its GDP per capita of $9,107 USD, along with its medium HDI of 0.757, clearly place it among the developing countries. Nevertheless, Turkey is a newly industrialized country.

References

1. Sachs, Jeffrey (2005). The End of Poverty. New York, New York: The Penguin Press. 1-59420-045-9. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
2. Namely sovereign states, i.e. excluding Macau (being under China's sovereignty): In 2003 the government of Macau calculated its HDI as being 0.909 (the UN does not calculate Macau's HDI); In January 2007, the People's Daily reported (from China Modernization Report 2007): "In 2004...Macau...had reached the level of developed countries". However, Macau is not recognized by any international organisation as a developed/advanced territory. Furthermore, the UNCTAD organisaion (of the UN), as well as the CIA, classify Macao as a "developing" territory. Anyway, The World Bank classifies Macau as a high income economy (along with developed economies as well as with few developing economies).
3. "CIA. (19 June, 2007). International Organizations and Groups. World Factbook". Retrieved 2007-07-07.
4. "IMF. (April 2007). World Economic Outlook". Retrieved 2007-07-06.
5. ^ "World Bank. (2007). Data & Statistics: Country Groups". Retrieved 2007-06-20.
6. See Corruption Perceptions Index
7. See Russia Infrastructure
8. See Improving business standards in Russia, 23rd Apr, 2007
9. See The Modernization Challenge Facing President Putin
10. See 50 Years of the European Integration and Russia
11. NTVMSNBC: Turkish agricultural production in 2006
12. BusinessWeek: The Unknown TV Giant
13. CNN World Business: Turkey switches on to TV market
14. Europe's No. 3 TV Manufacturer, a Private Company: PROFILO-TELRA
15. Turkish Automotive Producers' Association: Turkish Automotive Production
16. Today's Zaman: Turkey Europe's sixth largest auto producer
17. Cite error: The named reference IMF was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

External links

• World Bank (high-income economies)
• The World Factbook (developed countries)
• United Nations Statistics Division (definition)
• United Nations Statistics Division (developed regions)
• IMF (advanced economies)
• The Economist (quality of life survey)

See also

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• Country classifications
• Human geography
• Economic geography
• Development
• Lists of countries