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| {{History of China - BC}} | |||
| {{History_of_China}} | |||
| {{16_Kingdoms}} | {{16_Kingdoms}} | ||
| The '''Sixteen Kingdoms''' ({{zh-tsp|t=十六國|s=十六国|p=Shíliù Guó}}), or less commonly the '''Sixteen States''', were a collection of numerous short-lived sovereign states in ] and its neighboring areas from ] to ] ] after the retreat of the ] to ] and before the establishment of the ]. Originally, the term was first introduced by ] in the lost historical record, '']'' (the ] of the Sixteen Kingdoms) and restricted to sixteen kingdoms of this era, namely the states of ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ] and ]. The term has been broadened to included all sovereignities from 304 to 439. These do not all exist through the entire period. | The '''Sixteen Kingdoms''' ({{zh-tsp|t=十六國|s=十六国|p=Shíliù Guó}}), or less commonly the '''Sixteen States''', were a collection of numerous short-lived sovereign states in ] and its neighboring areas from ] to ] ] after the retreat of the ] to ] and before the establishment of the ]. Originally, the term was first introduced by ] in the lost historical record, '']'' (the ] of the Sixteen Kingdoms) and restricted to sixteen kingdoms of this era, namely the states of ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ] and ]. The term has been broadened to included all sovereignities from 304 to 439. These do not all exist through the entire period. | ||
| A less used term, the '''Period of Sixteen Kingdoms''' represents this turbulent era from ] to ]. | A less used term, the '''Period of Sixteen Kingdoms''' represents this turbulent era from ] to ]. | ||
Revision as of 12:07, 5 August 2007
Template:History of China - BC
| Sixteen Kingdoms | |||||||||||||
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| The 16 Kingdoms |
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| Other states |
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The Sixteen Kingdoms (simplified Chinese: 十六国; traditional Chinese: 十六國; pinyin: Shíliù Guó), or less commonly the Sixteen States, were a collection of numerous short-lived sovereign states in China proper and its neighboring areas from 304 to 439 AD after the retreat of the Jin Dynasty (265-420) to South China and before the establishment of the Northern Dynasties. Originally, the term was first introduced by Cui Hong in the lost historical record, Shiliuguo Chunqiu (the Spring and Autumn Annals of the Sixteen Kingdoms) and restricted to sixteen kingdoms of this era, namely the states of Han Zhao, Later Zhao, Cheng Han, Former Liang, Later Liang, Northern Liang, Western Liáng, Southern Liang, Former Yan, Later Yan, Northern Yan, Southern Yan, Former Qin, Later Qin and Western Qin and Xia. The term has been broadened to included all sovereignities from 304 to 439. These do not all exist through the entire period.
A less used term, the Period of Sixteen Kingdoms represents this turbulent era from 304 to 439.
Almost all rulers of the kingdoms were part of the Wu Hu ethnicity and claimed to be the emperors and wangs (kings). The Han Chinese founded the four states: Northern Yan, Western Liang, Former Liang and the state of Wei. Six Chinese rulers of the Former Liang remained titularly under the government of the Jin Dynasty. The Northern Wei Dynasty is not counted as one of the Sixteen Kingdoms even though it was founded during the Period.
Rulers of each of the Kingdoms are listed in relevant articles.
| Preceded byWestern Jin Dynasty | Sixteen Kingdoms 304 – 439 |
Succeeded bySouthern and Northern Dynasties |