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Revision as of 00:39, 7 August 2007
The Deutscher Werkbund (German Work Federation) was a German association of architects, designers and industrialists, an important organization in the history of architectural modernism.
The Werkbund was founded in 1907 in Munich at the instigation of Hermann Muthesius, existed through 1934, then re-established after World War II in 1950. Muthesius was the author of the exhaustive three-volume "The English House" of 1905, a survey of the practical lessons of the English Arts and Crafts movement. Muthesius was seen as something of a cultural ambassador, or industrial spy, between Germany and England.
The Werkbund was less an artistic movement than a state-sponsored effort to integrate traditional crafts and industrial mass-production techniques, to put Germany on a competitive footing with England and the United States. Its motto "Vom Sofakissen zum Städtebau" (from sofa cushions to city-building) indicates its range of interest.
The organization originally included twelve architects and twelve business firms. The architects include Peter Behrens, Theodor Fischer (who served as its first president), Josef Hoffmann and Richard Riemerschmid.
Other architects affiliated with the project include Heinrich Tessenow and the Belgian Henry van de Velde. The Werkbund commissioned van de Velde to build a theatre for its 1914 Cologne Exhibition in Cologne, the theatre which turned out to be his best work, and which only stood for one year before being destroyed as a result of World War I. Eliel Saarinen was made corresponding member of the Deutscher Werkbund in 1914 and was invited to participate in the 1914 Cologne exhibition.
Key dates of the Deutscher Werkbund:
- 1907 Establishment of the Werkbund in Munich
- 1914 Cologne exhibition
- 1924 Berlin exhibition
- 1927 Stuttgart exhibition (including the Weissenhof Estate)
- 1929 Breslau exhibition
- 1938 Werkbund closed by the National Socialists
- 1949 reestablishment
External links
- Werkbundarchiv, Martin Gropius Bau, Berlin (in German)
References
- Lucius Burckhardt (1987). The Werkbund. ? : Hyperion Press. ISBN.
- Frederic J. Schwartz (1996). The Werkbund: Design Theory and Mass Culture Before the First World War. New Haven, Conn. : Yale University Press. ISBN.
- Mark Jarzombek. "Joseph August Lux): Historian of a Lost Modernity," Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 63/1 (June 2004): 202-219.