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Revision as of 16:28, 15 September 2007 edit71.52.46.21 (talk) additional update info featuring ACA American Chess Monthly Editor 1892-1912← Previous edit Revision as of 16:33, 15 September 2007 edit undo71.52.46.21 (talk) National Chess Association had no connection with National Chess Federation and changed its name back to ACA between 1874 and 1876Next edit →
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The '''American Chess Association''' was a ] organisation founded in ], ].<ref>{{cite book | title = This Day in New York Sports | author = Jordan Sprechman | coauthors = Bill Shannon | pages = pp.280,406 | isbn = 1571672540 | publisher = Sports Publishing LLC | year = 1998 | accessdate = 2007-07-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.chessville.com/BillWall/StrangeButTrue.htm | title = Strange But True | work = Bill Wall's Wonderful World of Chess | author = Bill Wall | accessdate = 2007-07-08 }}</ref> The organization organized the first major chess tournament, the First American Chess Congress, in the United States on October 6, 1857.<ref>{{cite book | title = Who Was Who in America | year = 1967 | publisher = ] | pages = p.23 | accessdate = 2007-07-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.brainyhistory.com/events/1857/october_6_1857_53681.html | title = October 6, 1857 in History | work = ] | accessdate = 2007-07-28 }}</ref> On November 11, 1857, ], who had defeated ] in the tournament, was presented with a silver service at the prize giving by Colonel Charles D. Mead,{{fact|date=July 2007}} President of the ACA.<ref>{{cite book | title = Paul Morphy : his later life | author = C.A. Buck | location = Newport, Ky. | publisher = Will. H. Lyons | year = 1902. | id = {{OCLC|2393093}} | url = http://batgirl.atspace.com/CA_Buck.html | accessdate = 2007-07-28 }}</ref> On behalf of Paul Morphy, the American Chess Association offered a $5,000 challenge to any player in Europe to contest a match with the recently crowned ACA champion.<ref>{{cite book | title = The Exploits and Triumphs, in Europe, of Paul Morphy | author = Frederick Milnes Edge | year = 1859 | publisher = D. Appleton & Company | pages = p.16 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=rJcCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA16&dq=%22The+Exploits+and+Triumphs%22+%22American+Chess+Association%22 }}</ref>
The American Chess Association represents the United States as the official governing body within the World Chess Federation, Inc. It was founded in 1857 when it sponsored the First American Chess Congress. On November 11, 1857 Paul Morphy, who had defeated Paulsen for the ACA title, was presented a silver service at the prize giving by Colonel Mead, President of the American Chess Association. On behalf of Paul Morphy, the American Chess Association offered a $5,000 challenge to any player in Europe to contest a match with the recently crowned ACA champion (see Illustrated London News, December 26, 1857). The purpose of the ACA is to extend the role of chess in American society. Current membership as of 2007 is approximately 500,000 members after a major national marketing campaign. Membership is $1 for life. The ACA publishes a monthly magazine, American Chess Monthly, now in its 151st year of publication, which can be subscribed to separately. American Chess Monthly has been published since Vol 1, #1 was founded and edited by Willard Fiske (who helped organize the First American Chess Congress), in January 1857.(see the Passionate Collector http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/collector/chess/chess_2.html). Fiske , with Paul Morphy as co-editor(http://sbchess.sinfree.net/willard.html), edited the American Chess Monthly until 1861.
At the 2nd American Chess Congress 1871, Preston Ware, Jr was elected President of ACA
At the 3rd American Chess Congress 1874, James Adams Congdon was elected President of ACA.
As per "The Globe Magazine, 1876," the American Chess Association organized and later ran the 4th American Chess Congress which was held August 17-31, 1876 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
At the 6th American Chess Congress, New York 1889 S. Lipshutz as the top American finisher, became US Chess Champion with the caveat the title must be defended by matches only and within a reasonable interval defend all challenges
Not defending within a reasonable interval, the 7th American Chess Congress was held to determine a new champion to succeed Pillsbury. Frank Marshall won the event. After defeating Jackson Showalter in 1909, Marshall resigned his title in Dec 1909 with formal statement made to the British newspaper The Daily Sketch in Dec 1909 .
1916 Showalter defends title vs Norman Whitaker winning 6-1
1918 Norman Whitaker defeats Showalter in 1918 by a score of 5.5 to 2.5


The ACA published a monthly magazine, ''American Chess Monthly'', founded in January 1857 by ], who had helped organize the First American Chess Congress.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/collector/chess/chess_2.html | title = 1857 Chess Congress | work = Cornell Library | accessdate = 2007-07-28}}</ref> Fiske edited ''American Chess Monthly'' from 1857 until 1860, four months before it ceased publication. ] was credited as co-editor, though he had little actual involvement.<ref>{{cite book | title = The Oxford Companion to Chess | author = David Hooper | coauthors = Kenneth Whyld | pages = p.117 | isbn = 0192175408 | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1984 | accessdate = 2007-08-27 }}</ref>
1892 New Editor of The American Chess Monthly became George H Walcott, Jr. of Boston(as documented @ www.bcmchess.co.uk/chessbooksmoravian.html)John F. Barry, of Boston served as Games Editor and later competed against Jackson Showalter for the U.S. Chess Championship in 1896. While editor, Walcott was 2nd at Rochester 1910 (NY State Championship;3rd Boston 1911 (Boston Chess Club Championship);5th at New York 1911 (behind only Marshall,Capablanca, Chajes, and Jaffe); and 2nd at Trenton Falls, 1912(NY State Championship; see Gaige, Crosstables, Vols 2-3.


In 1874, the American Chess Association changed its name to the National Chess Association.<ref>{{cite book | title = The U.S. Chess Championship, 1845-1985 | author = Andrew Soltis | coauthors = Gene McCormick | pages = p.31 | isbn = 0899500560 | publisher = McFarland & Company Inc | year = 1986 | accessdate = 2007-08-21 }}</ref> The Natioonal Chess Federation had no connection with the National Chess Association which changed its name immediately back to American Chess Association. The United States Chess Federation had no connection to the United States Chess Association which ran congresses through 1891 and was restarted in 1921 by walter Shipley but went defunct by 1923.A successor organization, the National Chess Federation, merged with the American Chess Federation in 1939 to create the modern ].<ref>{{cite book | title = A Passion for Chess | author = Reuben Fine | pages = p.178 | publisher = David McKay Company, Inc | year = 1958 | accessdate = 2007-08-21 }}</ref>
1921 American Chess Monthly Volume 65 reports new US Champion as Norman Whitaker as top American finisher at 8th American Chess Congress in Atlantic City, per rules of 1889 NY 6th American Chess Congress which gave Lipshutz the US Champion title. Whitaker not only defeated European veteran Janowski (not US citizen and not eligible for US Champion title) who won the event, but also defeated Marshall head to head, who finished in a tie for 5th-7th.
In 1956, Hans Berliner won the ACA US Open directed by Norman Whitaker, a non USCF event (formerly aka Eastern States Open, was renamed ACA US Opens as per same as USCF renameing Western States Opens of 1901-1938 as USCF US Opens
1981 American Chess Monthly reports 1981 ACA Jaycees Open held in Cushing, Oklahoma and won by Stan Vaughan score of 6-0
1985 American Chess Monthly reports ACA US Open/100th anniversary Col. Isaac Trabue held in Punta Gorda, Florida won by Stan Vaughan of Fort Myers.
2000 Las Vegas Sentinel-Voice (Feb 3, 2000) reports that ACA ranked #5 qualified to play match for ACA US Championship and was believed to be first African-American to play for the title in the organization's 143 year history. Cannon lost the $5,001 match, sponsored by the Pawn Place of Henderson, Nevada by a score of 6.5 to 0.5 to Stan Vaughan. Vaughan earned $3,334.00 while Cannon received $1,667.00(as reported by Eric Schiller, Chess City Magazine: http://www.chesscity.com)
the 2007 ACA US Open Chess Championship with 480 entrants Sep 1-3, was won by Varuzhan Akopian 12-0 and $6,000
ACA (2710 with ACA US Champion Vaughan going 11-1 to be top American finisher and retain title for 2008 winning 3,000 2nd place and additional $5,000 bonus as 2008 ACA US Champion


==References==
Back issues reprints from the organization dating back to 1861 are available from the ACA organization's library. ACA contact info is amchess@cox.net.
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book | title = The book of the first American chess congress; containing the proceedings of that celebrated assemblage held in New York in the year 1857 together with sketches of the history of chess in the old and new worlds | author = ] | location = New York | publisher = Rudd & Carlton | year = 1859 | id = {{OCLC|3734014}} | url = http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/collector/chess/chess_2.html }}

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Revision as of 16:33, 15 September 2007

The American Chess Association was a chess organisation founded in New York, 1857. The organization organized the first major chess tournament, the First American Chess Congress, in the United States on October 6, 1857. On November 11, 1857, Paul Morphy, who had defeated Louis Paulsen in the tournament, was presented with a silver service at the prize giving by Colonel Charles D. Mead, President of the ACA. On behalf of Paul Morphy, the American Chess Association offered a $5,000 challenge to any player in Europe to contest a match with the recently crowned ACA champion.

The ACA published a monthly magazine, American Chess Monthly, founded in January 1857 by Willard Fiske, who had helped organize the First American Chess Congress. Fiske edited American Chess Monthly from 1857 until 1860, four months before it ceased publication. Morphy was credited as co-editor, though he had little actual involvement.

In 1874, the American Chess Association changed its name to the National Chess Association. The Natioonal Chess Federation had no connection with the National Chess Association which changed its name immediately back to American Chess Association. The United States Chess Federation had no connection to the United States Chess Association which ran congresses through 1891 and was restarted in 1921 by walter Shipley but went defunct by 1923.A successor organization, the National Chess Federation, merged with the American Chess Federation in 1939 to create the modern U.S. Chess Federation.

References

  1. Jordan Sprechman (1998). This Day in New York Sports. Sports Publishing LLC. pp. pp.280, 406. ISBN 1571672540. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  2. Bill Wall. "Strange But True". Bill Wall's Wonderful World of Chess. Retrieved 2007-07-08.
  3. Who Was Who in America. Marquis Who's Who. 1967. pp. p.23. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); |pages= has extra text (help)
  4. "October 6, 1857 in History". Brainy History. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
  5. C.A. Buck (1902.). Paul Morphy : his later life. Newport, Ky.: Will. H. Lyons. OCLC 2393093. Retrieved 2007-07-28. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  6. Frederick Milnes Edge (1859). The Exploits and Triumphs, in Europe, of Paul Morphy. D. Appleton & Company. pp. p.16. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  7. "1857 Chess Congress". Cornell Library. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
  8. David Hooper (1984). The Oxford Companion to Chess. Oxford University Press. pp. p.117. ISBN 0192175408. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  9. Andrew Soltis (1986). The U.S. Chess Championship, 1845-1985. McFarland & Company Inc. pp. p.31. ISBN 0899500560. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  10. Reuben Fine (1958). A Passion for Chess. David McKay Company, Inc. pp. p.178. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); |pages= has extra text (help)

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