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Revision as of 08:02, 26 October 2003
The Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra is the best known orchestra in Austria and one of Europe's major ensembles.
Its home base is the world-famous Musikverein. As well as giving concerts of its own, it is the orchestra of the Vienna State Opera.
Current Situation
Since 1941, the orchestra has given a concert on each New Year's Day dedicated to the music of the Strauss family, and especially Johann Strauss II.
Although the orchestra is widely acknowledged as one of the world's finest, it has come in for some criticism because until recently it has not allowed women to play in it. Some people associated with the organization have also been criticised for saying that it is important to maintain the ethnic uniformity of the orchestra (that is, white Europeans) in order to maintain high playing standards.
History
The orchestra can trace its origins back to 1842, when Otto Nicolai formed what he called a "Philharmonic Academy"; it was an orchestra which was fully independent, and which took all its decisions by a democratic vote of all its members. These are principles the orchestra still holds today.
When Nicolai left Vienna in 1847, the orchestra almost folded, and it was not very active until 1860, when Carl Eckert joined as conductor. He gave a series of four subscription concerts, and since then, the orchestra has given concerts continuously.
The orchestra has attracted some very famous and acclaimed conductors. From 1875 to 1882 Hans Richter was principal conductor, and the orchestra gave the premieres of Brahms' second and third symphonies. Gustav Mahler held the post from 1898 to 1901, and under him the orchestra played abroad for the first time (in Paris). Subsequent conductors were Felix von Weingartner (1908-27), Wilhelm Furtwängler (1927-30) and Clemens Krauss (1930-33).
From 1933, the orchestra has had no one principal conductor, but instead has a number of guest conductors. These have included almost a great number of the world's best known conductors, including Richard Strauss, Karl Böhm, Herbert von Karajan, Georg Solti, Leonard Bernstein, and Claudio Abbado.
Conductors
Principal Conductors
- Otto Nicolaï de 1842 à 1848 ;
- Carl Eckert de 1854 à 1857 ;
- Otto Dessoff de 1860 à 1875 ;
- Wilhelm Jahn en 1882, 1883 ;
- Hans Richter de 1875 à 1883 ;
- Gustav Mahler de 1898 à 1901 qui la dirigera pour la première fois à l'étranger lors de World's fair 1900 at Paris ;
- Joseph Hellmesber de 1801 à 1803 ;
- Felix von Weingartner de 1908 à 1927 ;
- Wilhelm Furtwängler de 1927 à 1930 ;
- Clemens Krauss de 1929 à 1933 ;
Guest Conductors
- Bruno Walter de 1933 à 1938 ;
- Karl Böhm de 1954 à 1956 et de 1971 à 1981 ;
- Herbert von Karajan de 1956 à 1964 ;
- Claudio Abbado de 1971 à 1982 ;
- Lorin Maazel de 1882] à 1987.
Selection of Recordings
- Mozart, Symphonies No 38, 39, 40, 41 conducted by Karl Böhm ;
- Mozart, The Marriage of Figaro conducted byErich Kleiber ;
- Mozart, Don Giovanni conducted by Josef Krips ;
- Beethoven, Symphony No 3 conducted by Felix Weingartner ;
- Beethoven, Symphony No 3 conducted by Erich Kleiber ;
- Beethoven, Symphony No 5, Symphony No 7 conducted by Carlos Kleiber ;
- Beethoven, Symphony No 2, Symphony No 5, Symphony No 9 conducted by Simon Rattle ;
- Schubert , Symphony No 8 conducted by Carl Schuricht ;
- Schubert, Symphony No 9 conducted by Josef Krips ;
- Richard Wagner, The Valkyrie, first act, conducted by Bruno Walter
- Anton Bruckner, Symphony No 4 conducted by Karl Böhm ;
- Gustav Mahler, (arranged by?) Kathleen Ferrier, conducted by Bruno Walter ;
- Johann Strauss, works recorded at the traditional New Year's Day concert conducted by Herbert von Karajan, Claudio Abbado, Carlos Kleiber, Nikolaus Harnoncourt, etc.