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Judith Butler (b. 1956) is a professor at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland and a feminist academic who wrote Gender Trouble in 1990 and Gender Turbulency in 2000. Both books describe what later came to be known as the queer theory. One of Butler's most significant contributions to critical theory is her performative model of gender, in which the categories "male" and "female" are understood as a repetition of acts instead of natural or inevitable absolutes.