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	''This ~~article~~ is about pine trees. See also ].''		::This is an article about pine trees. ''See also:'' ].

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	'''Pine''' refers to ]ous trees of the Genus ''Pinus'' in the Family ]. There are about 115 species of ''Pinus'', although different authors accept anything between about 105 to 125 species. Pine trees are resinous and ]. They have scale leaves that are soon lost and replaced by needles bundled in clusters of 1 to 5 needles each. Pines are monoecious: having male and female cones on the same tree. Female cones take 2-3 years to mature after arrival of the male pollen grain, with actual fertilization delayed one year.		'''Pine''' refers to ]ous trees of the Genus '''''Pinus''''' in the Family ]. There are about 115 species of ''Pinus'', although different authors accept anything between about 105 to 125 species. Pine trees are resinous and ]. They have scale leaves that are soon lost and replaced by needles bundled in clusters of 1 to 5 needles each. Pines are monoecious: having male and female cones on the same tree. Female cones take 2-3 years to mature after arrival of the male pollen grain, with actual fertilization delayed one year.

	Pines are native to most of North America, ranging from the ] to ] and ] and the ], ~~and~~ Eurasia, ranging from Spain and Scotland east to the Russian Far East, Japan and the Philippines, and south to northernmost Africa, the Himalaya and ~~southeast~~ Asia, with one species just crossing the Equator in Sumatra. They are also extensively planted in the southern hemisphere.		Pines are native to most of North America, ranging from the ] to ] and ] and the ]. They occur naturally in ], ranging from ] and ] east to the ], ], and the ], and south to northernmost ], the ] and ], with one species just crossing the ] in ]. They are also extensively planted in many parts of the southern hemisphere.

	<div style="float:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0;text-align:center;">]<br><small>''Young Longleaf pine trees (''Pinus palustris'')''</small></div>		<div style="float:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0;text-align:center;">]<br><small>''Young Longleaf pine trees (''Pinus palustris'')''</small></div>
	Pines grow well in acid ~~soils~~, some also on calcareous soils. A few are able to sprout after forest fires. Some species of pine need fire to germinate, and suffer under fire suppression regimes.		Pines grow well in acid ]s, some also on calcareous soils. A few are able to sprout after forest fires. Some species of pine need fire to germinate, and suffer under fire suppression regimes.

	Pines are commercially among the most important species for ] in temperate and tropical regions of the world. The ~~seeds~~ are commonly eaten by ] and ], and the seeds of some species — called "pine nuts" — are sold commercially for cooking and baking. The resin of some species is important as the source of turpentine.		Pines are commercially among the most important species for ] in temperate and tropical regions of the world. The ]s are commonly eaten by ] and ], and the seeds of some species — called "pine nuts" — are sold commercially for cooking and baking. The ] of some species is important as the source of ].

	] (''Pinus radiata'') and other common pine species are often grown commercially as a source of ] for ]. This is because they are fast-growing softwoods that can be planted in relatively dense stands, and because their resinous needles inhibit the growth of other plants (e.g. weeds) in the cropping areas. Pine plantations can be at risk for fire damage because pine resin is ~~highly~~ flammable ~~and~~ almost explosive.		] (''Pinus radiata'') and other common pine species are often grown commercially as a source of ] for ]. This is because they are fast-growing softwoods that can be planted in relatively dense stands, and because their resinous needles inhibit the growth of other plants (e.g. weeds) in the cropping areas. Pine plantations can be at risk for fire damage because pine resin is flammable to the point of being almost explosive.

	===List of pine species===		===List of pine species===

Revision as of 02:21, 27 November 2003

This is an article about pine trees. See also: Pine email client.

Pinus, pines

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Pinophyta
Class:	Pinopsida
Order:	Pinales
Family:	Pinaceae
Genus:	Pinus

Species

Pinus albicaulis
Pinus aristata
Pinus edulis
Pinus nigra
Pinus palustris
Pinus radiata
Pinus sylvestris

~ 108 more

Pine refers to coniferous trees of the Genus Pinus in the Family Pinaceae. There are about 115 species of Pinus, although different authors accept anything between about 105 to 125 species. Pine trees are resinous and evergreen. They have scale leaves that are soon lost and replaced by needles bundled in clusters of 1 to 5 needles each. Pines are monoecious: having male and female cones on the same tree. Female cones take 2-3 years to mature after arrival of the male pollen grain, with actual fertilization delayed one year.

Pines are native to most of North America, ranging from the Arctic to Mexico and Nicaragua and the West Indies. They occur naturally in Eurasia, ranging from Spain and Scotland east to the Russian Far East, Japan, and the Philippines, and south to northernmost Africa, the Himalaya and Southeast Asia, with one species just crossing the Equator in Sumatra. They are also extensively planted in many parts of the southern hemisphere.

Young pine trees
Young Longleaf pine trees (Pinus palustris)

Pines grow well in acid soils, some also on calcareous soils. A few are able to sprout after forest fires. Some species of pine need fire to germinate, and suffer under fire suppression regimes.

Pines are commercially among the most important species for timber in temperate and tropical regions of the world. The seeds are commonly eaten by birds and squirrels, and the seeds of some species — called "pine nuts" — are sold commercially for cooking and baking. The resin of some species is important as the source of turpentine.

Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata) and other common pine species are often grown commercially as a source of pulp for papermaking. This is because they are fast-growing softwoods that can be planted in relatively dense stands, and because their resinous needles inhibit the growth of other plants (e.g. weeds) in the cropping areas. Pine plantations can be at risk for fire damage because pine resin is flammable to the point of being almost explosive.

List of pine species

North American pine species:

The most common pine species in Europe include Austrian Pine (also known as Black Pine, Pinus nigra), and Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris). European Pine species include the following:

Austrian pine - P. nigra
Scots pine - P. sylvestris

Reference

Mabberley, D.J. 1987. The Plant Book. A portable dictionary of the higher plants. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 706 p. ISBN 0 521 34060 8.

External links

Gymnosperm families - scroll down to the Pinaceae