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'''Khazaria''' also known as '''Khazar khaganate''' or '''Khazar khanate''' was the country of the ], neighboring the ] in the southwest, ] in the northwest, ] in the north, and ] in the southeast. These ] adopted ] in the 8th or 9th century, becoming the only Jewish state ever without Abrahamic ascendence, but it is now known that many Jews fleeing persecution in the Byzantine empire sought refuge there and the majority of the Jewish population in Khazaria was not Khazar in an ethnic sense as only the King, his court, and some of the Khazar elite are actually known to have converted, therefore it is logical to conlude that very few Jews of Khazaria were of Khazar origin. '''Khazaria''' also known as '''Khazar khaganate''' or '''Khazar khanate''' was the country of the ], neighboring the ] in the southwest, ] in the northwest, ] in the north, and ] in the southeast. The ruler of these ] and the Khazar elite adopted ] in the 8th or 9th century, becoming the only Jewish state ever without Abrahamic ascendence, but it is now known that many Jews fleeing persecution in the Byzantine empire sought refuge in Khazaria and likely outnumberd the Khazar converts to the point that they were a minority. It is logical to conclude from this data that the majority of ] in Khazaria were not Khazar in origin.


As an independent state, Khazaria existed between about ] and ]. Its supreme ruler was known by the title ]. Its last khagan was named ]. Much of Khazaria was covered by ] land. Khazaria bordered the ] and ]. The ] (known as ]) passed through eastern Khazaria. As an independent state, Khazaria existed between about ] and ]. Its supreme ruler was known by the title ]. Its last khagan was named ]. Much of Khazaria was covered by ] land. Khazaria bordered the ] and ]. The ] (known as ]) passed through eastern Khazaria.

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Khazaria also known as Khazar khaganate or Khazar khanate was the country of the Khazars, neighboring the Byzantine Empire in the southwest, Kievan Rus' in the northwest, Volga Bulgaria in the north, and Azerbaijan in the southeast. The ruler of these Turkic people and the Khazar elite adopted Judaism in the 8th or 9th century, becoming the only Jewish state ever without Abrahamic ascendence, but it is now known that many Jews fleeing persecution in the Byzantine empire sought refuge in Khazaria and likely outnumberd the Khazar converts to the point that they were a minority. It is logical to conclude from this data that the majority of Jews in Khazaria were not Khazar in origin.

As an independent state, Khazaria existed between about 652 and 1016. Its supreme ruler was known by the title khagan. Its last khagan was named Georgius Tzul. Much of Khazaria was covered by steppe land. Khazaria bordered the Caspian Sea and Black Sea. The Volga River (known as Itil or Atil) passed through eastern Khazaria.

Major cities of Khazaria included:

Along the Caspian coast and Volga delta:
Atil
Khazaran
Samandar
In the Caucasus:
Balanjar
Sambalut
Samiran
Sarir
Maghas (Alan capital)
Sukhumi (Abkhazian capital)
In the Crimea and Taman region:
Kerch (also called Bospor)
Feodosia
Mangup (also called Doros)
Samkarsh (also called Tmutorokan, Tamatarkha)
Sudak (also called Sugdaia)
In the Don valley:
Sarkel

References

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