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'''Giovanni Caboto''' (] 1450 – c. 1499), known in English as '''John Cabot''', was an ] ] and ] commonly credited as the first ]an to discover the ]n mainland, in ], notwithstanding ]'s landing (circa 1000). '''Giovanni Caboto''' (] 1450 – c. 1499), known in English as '''John Cabot''', was an ] ] and ] commonly credited as the first ]an to discover the ]n mainland, in ], notwithstanding ]'s landing (circa 1000).


==Biography==


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Cabot was born in 1450 in, or around ]. When he was 11, he moved to ] and became a Venetian citizen. He grew up there.

Like other Italian explorers of the era, such as ] (Cristoforo Colombo), Cabot made another country his base of operations. For Cabot it was ], so his explorations were made under the English flag. The voyage that saw him and his crew discover the ]n mainland – the first Europeans known to do so since the ]s – took place in 1497, five years after Columbus' discovery of the ]. Again, like Columbus, Cabot's intention had been to find a westerly sea route to ].

It was probably on hearing of ]'s discovery of 'the Indies' that he decided to find a route to the west for himself. He went with his plans to England, because he incorrectly thought ] were coming from northern ]; and a degree of longitude is shorter the further one is from the ], so the voyage from western ] to eastern Asia would be shorter at higher latitudes.

King ] gave him a grant to go on ''"full and free authority, leave, and power, to sail to all parts, countries, a see as, of the East, of the West, and of the North, under our banners and ensigns, with five ships ... and as many mariners or men as they will have in said ships, upon their own proper costs and charges, to seek out, discover, and find, whatsoever isles, countries, regions or provinces of the heathen and infidels, whatsoever they bee, and in what part of the world soever they be, which before this time have been unknown to all Christians."''

Cabot went to Bristol to make the preparations for his voyage. ] was the second-largest seaport in England, and during the years from ] onwards several expeditions had been sent out to look for ], an island said to lie somewhere in the ] according to ] legends. Some people even think ] may have been found on one of these voyages.
]
In ] Cabot set out from Bristol with one ship. But he got no further than ] and was forced to return because of disputes with the crew.
On a second voyage Cabot again used only one ship with 18 crew, the '']'', a small ship (50 tons), but fast and able. He departed on either May 2 or May 20, ] and sailed to ], ]. From there he sailed due west to Asia - or so he thought. He landed on the coast of Newfoundland on ], 1497. His precise landing-place is a matter of controversy, either ] or ]. He went ashore to take possession of the land, and explored the coast for some time, and probably departed on July 20. On the homeward voyage his sailors thought they were going too far north, so Cabot sailed a more southerly course, reaching ] instead of England, and on August 6 arrived back in Bristol.

] in St. John's Newfoundland.]]
The location of Cabot's first landfall is not definitely known, due to lack of surviving evidence. Many experts think it was on Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, but others look for it in ], ], ], or ]. Cape Bonavista, however, is the location recognised by the governments of ] and the ] as being Cabot's official landing. His men may have been the first Europeans to set foot on the American mainland since the Vikings. ] did not find the mainland until his third voyage, in ], and letters referring to a voyage by ] in ] are generally believed to have been forgeries or fabrications.

Back in England, Cabot was made an admiral, rewarded with £10 and a patent was written for a new voyage. Later, a pension of £20 a year was granted to him. The next year, ], he departed again, with 5 ships this time. The expedition made for an Irish port, because of distress. Except for one ship, Cabot and his expedition were never heard from again and are presumed to have been lost at sea.

John's son, ], later made a voyage to North America, looking for the hoped for ] (]), and another to repeat ]'s voyage around the world, but which instead ended up looking for ] along the ] (1525-8).

In ]-] a few ] travelers, ] and ] being the most famous participants, visited ], ] and Newfoundland. In ]-] an English syndicate, consisting of 3 ] and 2 English traders, made voyages to Newfoundland. From ], if not before, Breton, ], Portuguese and English fishermen crossed the ocean to catch fish on the ].

Along with ] in ], Newfoundland, Cabot is remembered in Bristol, England by the ], a 30-metre tall red sandstone tower of ] (the 400th anniversary of the landing) on Brandon Hill near the city center, by a replica of the ''Matthew'' built in the city and by a statue of the explorer on the harbourside.


== Gallery == == Gallery ==

Revision as of 14:24, 26 March 2008

Giovanni Caboto (c. 1450 – c. 1499), known in English as John Cabot, was an Italian navigator and explorer commonly credited as the first early modern European to discover the North American mainland, in 1497, notwithstanding Leif Ericson's landing (circa 1000).


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Gallery

External links

John Cabot gazing across Bristol Harbour.
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