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=== Ancient Weights and Measures === |
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Many of the '''ancient weights and measures''' used throughout history are variations on a common theme sharing the same system. Despite a number of different civilisations making adjustments to serve their own purposes the accuracy and agreement of definitions improved over time. |
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Measurements that are used to define property are often used to impose taxes or tithes resulting in there being one measure for ordinary transactions and another for royal or religious transactions. Though throughout history people and their various representatives in guilds and lobbys, have been very scrupulous in defending the value of their possessions, governments and religions are even more scrupulous about getting their cut. |
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The first measures were the lengths of the ditches that bordered and defined the fields. Since people tend to pace off a distance differently, knotted cords were used to measure their sides and cord stretchers became the first surveyors. |
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=== References === |
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: ''Archaeology''Colin Renfrew |
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: ''A History of Seafaring'' George F Bass |
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: ''The Ancient Near East'' William H McNeil and Jean W Sedlar |
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: ''The Epic of Gillgamesh''Translated by Andrew George |
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: ''The Ancient Near East '' James B. Pritchard |
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:: ''Bahrain through the Ages'', |
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: Shaika Haya Ali Al Khalifa and Michael Rice |
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: ''Prehistory and Protohistory of the Arabian Peninsula'' |
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: Dr. Muhammed Abdul Nayeem |
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: ''Mesopotamia 10 The Sumerian Language'' Marie-Loise Thomsen |
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: ''Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East" Michael Roaf |
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: ''The Archaeology of Ancient China'' Chang |
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: ''The Arabic Alphabet'' Nicholas Awde and Putros Samano |
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: ''Gardiner Egyptian Grammar'' § 266 for names of Egyptian units |
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: ''A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egytian'' Raymond O Faulkner |
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: ''Ancient Egyptian'' Antonio Loprieno |
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: ''Atlas of Ancient Egypt'' Baines and Ma'lek |
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: ''Egypt's Making'' Michael Rice |
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: ''Mathematics in the time of the Pharoahs'', Gillings, chapter 20. |
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: ''Ancient Egyptian Construction and Architecture'' |
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: Somers Clarke and R. Englebach |
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: InSearch of the Indo Europeans'' J. P. Mallory |
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: Rivers in the Desert'' Nelson Glueck |
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: ''From Alpha to Omega'' Anne H. Groton |
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: ''Our Latin Heritage'' Hines |
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: ''The Ten Books on Architecture'' Vitruvius |
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: ''The Geography'' Claudias Ptolemy |
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: ''The History of Herodotus'' |
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: ''Old Hittite Sentence Structure'' Silvia Luraghi |
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: ''The Rise of the Greeks'', Michael Grant |
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: ''A Field Guide to Rock Art Symbols of the Greater Southwest'' |
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: Alex Patterson |
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: ''The Historical Roots of Elementary Mathematics'' |
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: Lucas N. h. Bunt, Phillip S.Jones, Jack D. Bedient |
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: ''The World of Measurements'' H Arthur Klein |
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: '' Norman's Parrallel of the Orders of Architecture'' R. A. Cordingley |
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: ''The Medieval Machine'' Jean Gimpel |
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: ''The Atlas of the Crusades''HJohnathan Riley Smith |
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: ''The Plantagenet Chronicles'' Elizabeth Hallam |
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: ''Medieval Warfare'' H.W. Koch |
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=== Ancient Cultures sharing similar systems of measurement === |
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=== Ancient Cultures sharing similar systems of measurement === |
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