Anal sex: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively ← Previous edit Next edit →Content deleted Content addedVisual WikitextInline

Revision as of 02:23, 21 August 2005 view source210.50.176.44 (talk)No edit summary← Previous edit		Revision as of 02:24, 21 August 2005 view source Magister Mathematicae (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users27,563 editsm Reverted edits by 210.50.176.44 to last version by Trevor macinnisNext edit →
Line 1:		Line 1:
			] AD; Found in ], ].]]

			'''Anal sex''' or '''anal intercourse''' is a commonly practiced ]. It involves the ] (or ]), especially, but not limited to, the ] of the erect ] into the rectum through the anus. The use of ]s and other activities involving the anus and rectum can be considered anal sex as well. Anal sex can be pleasurable for both the insertive partner and the receptive partner, as the anus contains many of the same kinds of ] as the penis or ]. For women, pleasure may also be derived from anal intercourse because the rectum shares a wall with the vagina, and the sexual nerves are actually closer on that side, making the sensation different and sometimes actually stronger. For males, the tightness of the anus is often said to be a source of pleasure in penetrative anal sex, while the presence of the ] gland near the rectal wall is generally seen as a source of pleasure during receptive anal intercourse. A sexual climax for the recipient (referred to colloquially as an ]) may occur through anal sex.
	{\| class="toccolours" style="float: right; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0em 1em;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
	\|+ <caption><font size="+1">'''Lee Kuan Yew'''</font></caption>
	\|style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2"\|
	]
	\|-
	! Order:
	\| 1st Prime Minister of Singapore
	\|-
	! Term of Office:
	\| ], ] –], ]
	\|-
	! Date of Death:
	\| ], ]
	\|-
	! Place of Birth
	\| ]
	\|-
	! Wife
	\| ]
	\|-
	! Occupation
	\| ]
	\|-
	! ]:
	\| ]
	\|-
	! Deputy Prime Minister
	\| ] (] - ])<br>
	] (] - ])<br>
	] (2nd DPM) (] - ])<br>
	] (] - ])<br>
	] (2nd DPM) (] - ])
	\|}

			Anal sex remains ] in some cultures and is illegal in some jurisdictions (see ]).
	'''Lee Kuan Yew''' (also spelt '''Lee Kwan-Yew''') (born ] ]) (]: 李光耀, ]: Lǐ Guāng Yào) was the first ] of the ] from ] to ]. He has remained a strong man in Singapore since his retirement as Prime Minister. Under the administration of Singapore's second prime minister, ], he served as ]. He currently holds the newly-created post of ] under his son ], who became the nation's third prime minister on ] ]. He is also known as '''Wanker Harry Lee'''.

	== ~~Early Life~~ ==		==Overview==
	The eldest child of Lee Chin Koon and Chua Jim Neo, Lee Kuan Yew was born at in a Kampong, 92 Java Road. As a child Lee's family was strongly influenced by British Colonial culture as most Singaporeans were at the time - they thought they were "More British than the British". His grandfather, Lee Hoon Leong, decided to give his sons an English education and called "Wanker Harry" to please the Colonialist. They speak the Hakka dialect at home rather than Mandarin. Years later he wrote about his difficulty in learning Mandarin.

			The terms "]" and "buggery" are imprecise, but are often used as synonyms for anal sex, particularly in older works. While they are sometimes used as synonyms for anal sex, they often also refer to various other sexual activities. For instance, depending upon the ], the legal definition of sodomy may include any non-] act, including ] and ].
	Lee was educated at Telok Kurau Primary School, ], and Raffles College. His university education was delayed by ] and the ]–] Japanese occupation of Singapore. During the occupation, he operated a successful ] business (with the consent of the Japanese Occupation Forces) selling a ]-based glue called ''Stikfas''<sup>]</sup>. Having taken ] lessons since 1942 before Singapore was occupied, he worked as a Military Intelligence Officer to transcribe Allied wire reports for the Japanese, as well as being the English-language editor on the Japanese ''Hodobu'' (報道部 — an information or propaganda department) from ] to ]<sup>]</sup>. During the occupation, Lee witnessed the cruelty and humiliations inflicted by the Japanese forces on the locals and the White Colonial Rulers of Singapore. He later described how this inspired him to rule Singapore with fear, just like the Japanese did. Many Allied Soldiers and fellow Singaporeans were killed because of his war time work with the Japanese Military and the Japanese Imperial Emperor rewarded him for his war time collaboration with the "First Class Order of the Rising Sun" Medal.

			Anal sex has been ] in many Western countries since the ], when ] movements were sometimes slandered by rumors that their members practiced anal sex among themselves. At that time the mainstream ] clergy was not celibate, but the highest orders of some heretical sects were, leading to rumors that their celibacy was a sign of their attraction to members of the same sex. The term ''buggery'' originated in ] ] as an insult used to describe the rumoured same-sex sexual practices of the heretics from the ''Buggre'' sect. This sect originated in medieval ], where its followers were called '']s'', but when they spread out of the country they were called ''buggres'' (from the ethnonym ''Bulgars'').

			Some medieval woodcuts portray persons ]ing the anus of a goat-like figure representing the ](christianity).

			As recently as 2004, several jurisdictions in the ] had statutory prohibitions making anal sex and other forms of ] a crime. Many of these statutes purported to prohibit anal sex by same-sex partners. In 2003, John Lawrence and Tyron Garner brought a landmark suit that challenged as unconstitutional ]'s anti-sodomy law before the ]. Lawrence and Garner had previously been apprehended in Lawrence's home in the act of anal sex, after a neighbor had made a false noise complaint to the local police. The Supreme Court struck down the Texas law by a 6–3 vote. Five of the justices joined the deciding opinion, which also overturned the Court's previous ruling on sodomy in '']''. The Court overturned the law on the grounds that the ] of the ] prohibited the state from regulating private behaviors between adults without furthering a legitimate state interest. The government purpose behind the law, a moral objection to homosexuality, was held to not be a legitimate interest. (See '']''.)
	After the war, financed by the profits he made on the black market, he studied law at ] in ]. He returned to Singapore in ] to work as a ] in Laycock and Ong, the legal practice of John Laycock.

			Although it is also practiced by ]s, anal sex is often associated with ] men. However, like persons of other ]s, some ] men enjoy sexual activities of this kind while others do not.
	Lee, together with his wife, ], were secretly "married" while they were students in the UK without the knowledge of their parents (that was Lee's explanation of why they were living as "unofficial" husband and wife in the UK) and then "re-married" on ], ]. They later went on to have two sons and one daughter.

			The ] normally produces its own ] during sex; the ] does not, so a store bought ] is recommended by most sexologists for an enjoyable anal sex experience.
	=== Rise to leadership ===
	In ], Lee and fellow students formed the left-leaning socialist ] (PAP), recruiting their members from mostly Chinese educated workers to agitate for self-government for Singapore and an end to British colonial rule. An inaurgal conference was made at ], which was then packed with over 1,500 supporters, mostly Chinese trade unionists. Lee became well known for defending workers being persecuted by the British Colonial Government. It was based on his work with trade unions that in April ], Lee contested and won the election for the ] Constituency, a mostly working class dockland area, and became an Assemblyman. In ], Singapore achieved autonomy in all state matters except in defense and foreign affairs. In the nation-wide election that year, Lee led the PAP to win forty-three of the fifty-one seats in the Legislative Assembly and became the first Prime Minister of the new state of Singapore..

			==Anal sex among heterosexuals==
	In April ], Lee contested and won the election for the ] constituency, and became an assemblyman. Lee resigned in 1957 as assemblyman in favour of accepting the challenge with David Marshall to contest the by-election.

			]'s ''The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States'' found that about 20% of heterosexuals have engaged in anal sex, and sex researcher ] found that number to be closer to 40%. More recently, a researcher from the ] (quoted in the ] ] issue of '']'') puts the number of heterosexuals who regularly practice anal sex at between 30% and 50%.
	On ], ], the self-government was formed following Lee's victory over the ] party. Singapore achieved autonomy in all state matters except in defence and foreign affairs on ], ].

			In several cultures (such as the ] area and ]) female receptive anal intercourse in a heterosexual context is widely accepted, especially as there is less risk of unwanted ] via unprotected anal than unprotected vaginal intercourse. Anal sex is sometimes seen as preserving female ] (or at least preserving an intact ] until ]) .
	== Prime Minister ==

			As a method of ], anal intercourse is not a reliable method, as it is still possible for ] to spill into the ] and result in pregnancy.
	== Memorable sayings as a Prime Minister ==
	"Let us get down to fundamentals. Is this an open, or is this a closed society? Is it a society where men can preach ideas - novel, unorthodox, heresies, to established churches and established governments - where there is a constant contest for men's hearts and minds on the basis of what is right, of what is just, of what is in the national interests, or is it a closed society where the mass media - the newspapaers, the journals, publications, TV, radio - either bound by sound or by sight, or both sound and sight, men's minds are fed with a constant drone of sycophantic support for a particular orthodox political philosophy? I am talking of the principle of the open society, the open debate, ideas, not intimidation, persuasion not coercion..."
	- Lee Kuan Yew, Before Singapore's independence, Malaysian Parliamentary Debates, Dec 18, 1964

			One appeal of heterosexual anal sex is the fact that the anus is tighter than the vagina. This is often considered to lead to a more pleasurable experience for the man.
	"Supposing Catherine Lim was writing about me and not the prime minister...She would not dare, right? Because my posture, my response has been such that nobody doubts that if you take me on, I will put on knuckle-dusters and catch you in a cul de sac...Anybody who decides to take me on needs to put on knuckle dusters. If you think you can hurt me more than I can hurt you, try. There is no other way you can govern a Chinese society."
	- SM Lee Kuan Yew, The Man and His Ideas, 1997

			In many cultures, even those where female receptive anal intercourse is considered normative, male receptive anal intercourse, even in a heterosexual context, is seen as taboo, or as less common. In some cultures anal sex is so commonly linked with homosexuality that any male who engages in receptive anal intercourse is considered homosexual, even if he is ] or by himself during masturbation. In some cultures, only males who are penetrated by other males are considered homosexual, while males who penetrate other males are not.
	"If it is not totalitarian to arrest a man and detain him, when you cannot charge him with any offence against any written law - if that is not what we have always cried out against in Fascist states - then what is it?"
	- Opposition leader Lee Kuan Yew, Legislative Assembly Debates, Sept 21, 1955

			In certain contexts male-male anal intercourse among males who otherwise identify as heterosexual is seen as a temporary behaviour to which they resort when confined in single-sex environments, such as ].
	"We have to lock up people, without trial, whether they are communists, whether they are language chauvinists, whether they are religious extremists. If you don't do that, the country would be in ruins."
	- Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew, 1986

			==Anal sex among gay men and lesbians==
	"Supposing I'm now 21, 22, what would I do? I would not be absorbed in wanting to change life in Singapore. I'm not responsible for Singapore...Why should I go and undertake this job and spend my whole life pushing this for a lot of people for whom nothing is good enough? I will have a fall-back position, which many are doing - have a house in Perth or Vancouver or Sydney, or an apartment in London, in case I need some place suddenly, and think about whether I go on to America."
	- Lee Kuan Yew, The Man & His Ideas, 1997

			Historically, several cultures, such as ] and others are known to have been normative practitioners of male-male anal intercourse, often in the context of a mentor-student relationship between an adolescent male and an adult man (see ]). The males who participated in such relationships cannot properly be called ], however, since in classical cultures such distinctions did not exist, and since participation in these male-male relationships did not preclude sex with women.
	"I am not my father. I am myself and people will have to take me for what I am and look for what I am able to do for them."
	- Lee Hsien Loong, Straits Times, Jun 7, 2004

			The practice is thought to have been so common in ] that the term "Greek love" was used to refer to the practice, and in modern times, "Greek" is sometimes used as ] for anal sex. Some have argued, however, that in Greece, rather than anal sex male-male couples actually engaged in non-penetrative ], but this view is widely disputed. In other cultures, notably Japan, records (including detailed ]) leave no question that male-male couples did engage in penetrative anal intercourse.
	"He picked up from me a certain way of thinking, certain logic, certain cut of mind. He has got from his mother a facility with words, and a certain intuition."
	- Lee Kuan Yew's reply on Hsien Loong, Straits Times, Jun 22, 2004

			In modern times, anal sex is popularly associated with gay men, and according to some studies (Lauman, for example) about 80% of gay men in the United States have engaged in anal sex. However, since the actual number of men who identify as gay is unknown, no reliable statistics are available.
	=== Self-government adminstration ===
	After the ] won the ] in the national elections, forty-three of the fifty-one seats in the Legislative Assembly, Lee became the Prime Minister of the state of Singapore on ] ], taking over from chief minister ]. Lee subsequently opemed the Self-governing State's Legistative Assemby on ].

			It is known that not all gay men regularly engage in anal sex or find it pleasurable; some gay men try anal sex once or a few times and then rarely if ever engage in the practice, and others never try it at all. Among gay men who do practice anal sex, some, though not all, reserve it only for committed relationships.
	In December ], Lee replaced ] with ] as the ]; bin Ishak became the president of Singapore in ].

			While some gay male couples comprise an "active" partner and a "receptive" partner (a ] and a ]) this is not true of all gay couples who practice anal sex: though some relationships are structured this way, many gay men who have anal sex both "top" and "bottom" at different times and are called "versatile" or "switch." The most common term for a top is a "Pitcher," whereas a bottom is often called a "catcher."
	Lee faced many problems after gaining self-rule for Singapore from the British, including education, housing, and unemployment. In response to the housing problem, Lee passed the Housing and Development Act of 1960, which replaced the existing Singapore Improvement Trust with the ] (HDB), who (in the same year) built the first HDB flats at Queenstown. Lee also inspected the passing out of the first batch of Work Brigade leaders in June 1960, which was formed by the government to assist problems in unemployment.

	In 1962, Lee Kuan Yew, accompanied by ], chairman of the Economic Development Board, inspected Jurong to be developed under the industralisation programme.

			] cultures generally do not make a distinction between the penetrative and the receptive partner: both tops and bottoms who have sex exclusively with men are considered gay.
	=== Merger with Malaysia, then separation ===
	Lee agreed to the idea after a meeting with Tunku Abdul Rahman on ], ]. Lee began to campaign tirelessly for a merger with ] to end the British colonial rule. He used the results of ] ], ], with 70% of the votes in support of his proposal, to justify that the people supported his plan, but his ultimate objective was to take control of Malaysia with himself as her Prime Minister. Lee further crushed any challenge to his leadership by labeling his competitors as "Marxist" alleging them to be involved in subversive activities.

			Slang terms for insertive partners include "pitcher," and for receptive partners "catcher." Several slang terms are generally reserved for anal sex between two males, such as ] which refers to unprotected anal intercourse. For more examples, see ].
	On ], ], Singapore became part of the Federation of Malaysia. However, the union was short-lived. The ], ruled by ], became fearful of the political challenge of PAP in Malaysia as PAP's intention was to take control of Malaysia. Lee openly opposed the ] policy ( and yet the Malays enjoy special privileges in Singapore even to this day e.g. they are entitled to cheaper education and housing costs ) and used the ]'s famous cry of <i>“]!”</i>, a nation serving the <i>Malaysian nationality</i>, as opposed to the <i>Malay race</i>. But yet, his policies simply didn't get the support of Malaysian Chinese who detested his objective of taking over control of Malaysia since PAP was also contesting against the Malaysian Chinese Association in elections too. ] was seriously strained and racial riots broke out in Singapore and the Central Government Malaysia. Some extremists in UMNO also wanted Lee to be arrested. Unable to resolve the crisis, the Malaysian Prime Minister ] decided to expel Singapore from Malaysia, choosing to <i>"sever all ties with a State Government that showed no measure of loyalty to its Central Government"</i>. Lee was adamant and tried to work out a compromise, but without success. He was later convinced by ] that the secession was inevitable. Lee Kuan Yew signed a separation agreement on ], ], which discussed Singapore's post-separation relations to Malaysia in order to continue cooperation in areas such as trade relations and mutual defence.

			Like some gay men, some lesbians also practice anal sex, but as there is very little information available it is not known how prevalent the practice is among lesbians. Like heterosexuals and gay men, those lesbians who enjoy it practice all forms of anal sex, including penetration.
	] ]]]
	Race riots followed, such as that on ]'s birthday (] ]), near Kallang Gasworks, in which twenty-three were killed and hundreds injured as Chinese and Malays attacked each other. Today, it is still disputed how it started, and theories include a bottle being thrown into a Muslim rally by a Chinese, while others argued that it was started by a Malay. More riots broke out in September ], as the rioters looted cars and shops, forcing both ] and Lee Kuan Yew to make public appearances in order to soothe the situation. The price of food skyrocketed during this period, due to the disruption in transport, which caused further hardship.

			== Health issues ==
	Unable to resolve the crisis, the Malaysian Prime Minister Tunku, Abdul Rahman, decided to expel Singapore from Malaysia, choosing to "sever all ties with a State Government that showed no measure of loyalty to its Central Government". Lee was adamant and tried to work out a compromise, but without success. He was later convinced by ] that the secession was inevitable. Lee Kuan Yew signed a separation agreement on ] ], which discussed Singapore's post-separation relations with Malaysia in order to continue cooperation in areas such as trade and mutual defence.

			Unprotected anal sex is an effective means of transmitting most ] (STDs). In particular, it is the sexual activity which most effectively transmits ], which can lead to ]. According to health care professionals, ] should always be used for anal intercourse, but they should not be considered an absolute safeguard. In principle, anal sex with anyone known to have a sexually transmissible disease, and indeed with anyone whose disease-negative status has not been determined, should be avoided. This advice applies to all sexual activity.
	The failure of the merger was a heavy blow to Lee, who believed that it was crucial for Singapore’s survival. In a televised press conference, he broke down emotionally as he announced the separation to the people:

			Anal sex does carry some risks to health and comfort even in the absence of STDs. For example, while the vagina secretes its own ], the anus and rectum do not. The ]s in the rectal area are particularly delicate and susceptible to tearing, thus, a ] should always be used for anal intercourse. Oil-based lubricants like ], however, destroy ] condoms, and the two should not be used together.
	The failure of the merger was a heavy blow to Lee who believed that it was crucial for Singapore’s survival. In a televised press conference, he broke down tearfully as he realised he could not take control of the prize he wanted - Malaysia. He said: “''For me, it is a moment of anguish. All my life, my whole adult life, I wanted merger and unity of the two territories.''

			In addition, since the rectal tissues are so easily damaged, and since the anorectal muscles are largely under involuntary control, slow, gentle, and responsive insertion is necessary to avoid pain and tearing.
	== Post-independence administration ==
	]

			Nothing that has been placed in or at the anus, including fingers, should ever contact the ], vagina, or mouth without being thoroughly washed with soap or a similar disinfectant, to avoid infection caused by the transmission of ]. Condoms can be placed over sex toys and latex gloves can be worn to protect the hands and fingers. These should be used once and then discarded.
	Under Lee's direction, Singapore joined the ] (UN) on ] ], and the ] (ASEAN) on ] ].

			It is also very important to be careful when inserting objects into the anus. Objects with edges or points can cause severe injury. Moreover, objects could get lodged in the rectum, requiring medical intervention. For this reason, most modern ]s are made with flared bases. Additionally, nothing longer than eight inches (20 cm) should be inserted into the rectum. Objects exceeding eight inches risk colliding with the ], the lining of which is probably not much stronger than a wet paper towel, and trauma can result in internal bleeding with potentially fatal results.
	Lee made his first official visit to Indonesia in ], ], after years of the ] under ]'s regime. Relations between Singapore and Indonesia substantially improved as subsequent visits were made between Singapore and Indonesia.

			Objects inserted in the anus should be washed carefully after every use. It is dangerous to share ]s; if a dildo is used on more than one person, it should be covered with a condom which is changed after each use. ] and ] dildos may be sterilized via boiling instead. (See ] for more information on the use of sex toys.)
	However, there were some tensions in diplomatic relations in view of the fact that Indonesian-Singaporean business ventures consist of mainly ethnic Indonesian Chinese businessmen, rather than Indigenious Indonesians (pribumi).

			In females, deeply penetrative anal sex must be attempted with care, because the female upper rectum passes adjacent to the uterus, which can experience physical trauma in cases of vigorous intercourse.
	Until recently when Lee approved the building of at least two casinos to raise government revenue, Lee has also maintained a personal policy against gambling, although sweepstakes such as "4D" and "Toto" were allowed. In his speech as Minister Mentor, despite a proposal from ] to open a floating casino in ], Lee angrily responded: "No, over my dead body!" It means he may well be dead before the casinos constructions are completed. He was also against the proposal to have ] racing in Singapore.

			Like any form of sex, anal sex is rendered much more dangerous under the influence of ] or ], which reduce responses, judgment, and ability to pay attention to one's own needs.
	As Singapore has never had a dominant culture to which immigrants could assimilate, nor a common language, together with efforts from the government and ruling party, Lee tried to create a common Singaporean identity in the ] and ].

			==Positions==
	Lee attended the hearing of the Select Committee on the Legal Profession (Ammendment) Bill as a member in October 1986.

			Various positions are possible in anal sex, including:
	Lee and his government stressed the importance of maintaining religious tolerance and racial harmony, and they were ready to use the law to counter any threat that might incite ethnic and religious violence. For example, Lee warned against "insensitive evangelization", by which he referred to instances of Christian proselytising directed at Malays. In 1974, the government advised the Bible Society of Singapore to stop publishing religious materials in Malay.

			* Missionary anal - Although very seldom depicted in erotic movies because it blocks the view of the penetration, this may be a very common position in real life. The bottom lies flat and face down, legs together. After the preparations and relaxations described above, the top will sit astride the bottom with the top's penis or the top's sex toy pointed at the bottom's anus. Slow, gentle penetration can then begin, after which the top also lies flat entirely on the bottom's body. This position is very familiar from other kinds of sex, allows the top to feel the curve and shape of the bottom's buttocks, and somewhat minimizes the depth of penetration which may be more comfortable for the bottom.
	=== Decisions & policies ===
			* Doggy style - This position maximizes the depth of penetration, which may be desirable by the top and/or bottom, but poses the risk of pushing against the sigmoid colon. If the bottom is a male, this position increases the chances of stimulating the prostate. This position makes easier a more vigorous thrusting action.
	Lee had three main concerns – national security, the economy, and social issues – during his post-independence administration.
			* Spooning - The top and bottom lie on their sides, facing the same direction, with the top's lubricated penis or toy touching the outside of the bottom's anus. This allows the bottom to greatly control initial entry and the depth, speed and force of subsequent thrusting.
			* Face to face - The bottom lies on her or his back, legs in the air. This can be easier if the bottom is on a bed or table and the top is standing on the floor.
			* Reverse cowboy/cowgirl
			* Froggy style

			==Further reading==
	The separation from Malaysia signifies a permanent lost of a common market and an economic hinterland. The economic woes were further exacerbated by the British withdrawal that would eliminate over 50,000 jobs. Although the British government had back out from their earlier commitment to keep their bases till ], Lee decided not to strain the relationship with ]. He convinced ] to allow the substantial military infrastructure (including a dockyard) to be converted for civilian use, instead of destroying them in accordance with British law. Lee sought advice from Dr. ] who became the real architect of Singapore's economic progress, to set Singapore on the path of industrialization. In ], the ] was established to attract foreign investment, offering attractive tax incentives and providing access to the highly skilled, disciplined and relatively low paid work force. At the same time and continue to this day, the government maintained tight control of the economy, regulating the allocation of land, labour and capital resources, in a style akin to Stalinist Communism e.g. a mostly centrally planned economy, few private free-hold ownership of land ( mostly lease-hold ), almost all large companies in the Singapore Stock Exchange are government owned similar to State Enterprises under the Communist System. Hence democracy in Singapore is simply a very thin veneer. Modern infrastructure of airport, port, roads, and communications networks were built. The ] was set up to promote tourism that would created many jobs in the service industry. In building the economy, Lee was assisted by his ablest ministers, especially Goh Keng Swee and ]. They managed to reduce the unemployment rate from 14 percent in ] to 4.5 percent in ]. But the unemployment rate has been increasing in recent years as Singapore has become the most costly country to live and work in the ASEAN region. Consequently, most multi-nationals have up-rooted themselves and Singapore's economy slides from crisis to crisis. In order to revive the economy, the government has devalued the Singapore currency by over 30% since 2001 and decided to build at least two casinos to boost tax revenue.

			*Taormino, Tristan ''Ultimate Guide to Anal Sex for Women'', Cleis Press, 1997.
	Lee designated English as the language of the civil service and the common language among the different races, while recognizing Malay, Chinese, and Tamil as the other three official languages. He forced all schools to use English as the medium of instruction, although there are also lessons for the mother tongues which are relegated and taught only as a second language. In the 1970s, graduates of the Chinese-language ] were facing problem finding jobs in the civil service as he disliked their political views, nevertheless many of them did postgraduate studies in UK and US universities for Master and PhD Degrees and were very successful, and in fact, some professors in ] are alumni of ] . In the 1980's Lee took the drastic measure to have Nanyang University absorbed by the English-language ] to suppress any decent to his "No Chinese Language Medium School" policy; the combined institution was renamed the ]. This move was also opposed by some Chinese groups who had contributed significantly to the building of Nanyang University and therefore have strong emotional attachment to the school. A number of years later, ] was established on the same campus as the original ] and there is now talk of reverting Nanyang Technology University's name back to Nantah i.e. ]. On last count, over 30% of the professors in Science and Technology Faculties in ] and ] are graduates of universities in the People's Republic of China.
			*Morin, Jack ''Anal Pleasure & Health: A Guide for Men and Women'', Down There Press, 1998.
			*Bentley, Toni ''The Surrender: An Erotic Memoir'', Regan Books, 2004.

			==See also==
	Lee's destruction of Singapore's Chinese Medium Education has drastic impact on the population where, even though over 70% of the population is ethic Chinese, their younger generations are poor in reading, writing and understanding the Chinese language and with the rise of China as the world's economic powerhouse, and with Singapore's economic future getting more and more influenced and enriched by China's economy, Singaporeans are finding they are losing out to foreign competitors in doing business in China and in the "China Trade" due to their poor command of the Chinese Language. Consequently there are now a number of private schools which totally use Chinese as an education medium to remedy this problem. Lee now advocates Singaporeans should "Brush up on their Chinese Language because it is essential to earning a living for Singapore!", a complete total reversal of his "No Chinese Language Medium School" policy.

			*]
	Like many Asian countries, Singapore was not immune to the disease of ]. Even Lee has admitted that paying ministers multi-million dollar salaries has not rooted out corruption in Singapore. Lee introduced legislation that give the ] (CIPB) greater power to conduct arrest, search, calling of witnesses, and investigation of bank accounts and income tax returns of suspected persons and their family. With Lee’s support, CPIB can investigate any officer or minister. Indeed, several ministers were later charged with corruption.
			*]
			*]
			*]
			*]
			*]
			*]
			*]
			*]
			*]
			*] (UK)
			*]
			*]

			]
	Lee believed that ministers should be well paid in order to maintain a clean and honest government. In ], he proposed to link the salaries of ministers, judges, and top civil servants to the salaries of top professionals in the private sector, arguing that this would help recruit and retain talents to serve in the public sector. Singaporeans believed this is purely an excuse to pay ministers multi-million dollar salaries, the highest in the whole world. Whereas if one compares the salaries of ministers in e.g. US, Canada, UK, Australia, they are peanuts compared to Singapore's ministers' salaries, yet corruption does not run rife in those countries!
			]
			]

			]
	In ], Lee sparked the “Great Marriage Debate” when he encouraged Singapore men to choose women with high education as wives. He was concerned that a large number of graduate women were unmarried, and this included his own daughter, who at one time had an Indian lover. She is still currently a spinster. Some sections of the population, including graduate women, were upset by his views. Nonetheless, a match-making agency ] (SDU) was set up to promote socializing among men and women graduates. Lee also introduced incentives for graduate mothers to have third and fourth children, in a reversal of the over-successful “Stop-at-Two” family planning campaign in the ] and ]. He believed in eugenics, just like Hitler.
			]

			]
	=== Relations with Malaysia ===
			]
	====Abdul Razak====
			]
	Lee's relationship with ] proved to be fairly stable, involving little serious dispute from ] until Razak's death in January ].
			]

			]
	{{sect-stub}}
			]

			]
	====Mahathir bin Mohamad====
			]
	Lee's relationship with ] began in May 1965, when Mahathir was the M.P. for Kota Star Selatan in Kedah. Mahathir said that the PAP was:
			]

			]
	<blockquote>"...pro-Chinese, communist-oriented and positively anti-Malay. .... In some police stations, Chinese is the official language, and statements are taken in Chinese. .... In industry, the PAP policy is to encourage Malays to become labourers only, but Malays were not given facilities to invest as well. ... It is, of course, necessary to emphasise that there are two types of Chinese — those who appreciate the need for all communities to be equally well-off and these are the MCA supporters to be found where Chinese have for generations lived and worked amidst the Malays and the other indigenous people, and the insular, selfish and arrogant type, of which Mr Lee is a good example. This latter type live in a purely Chinese environment where Malays only exist at ] level. ... They have never known Malay rule and could not bear the idea that the people that they have so long kept under their heels should now be in a position to rule them."</blockquote>
			]

			]

	Lee looked forward to improving relationships with Mahathir upon the latter's promotion to Deputy Prime Minister. Knowing that Mahathir was in line to become the next Prime Minister of Malaysia, Lee invited Mahathir (through then-President of Singapore ]) to visit Singapore in ]. This, and subsequent visits, improved both personal and diplomatic relationships between the two. Mahathir told Lee to cut off links with the Chinese leaders of the ]; in exchange, Mahathir undertook not to interfere in the affairs of the ]s.

	In December 1981, Mahathir changed the time zone of the ] in order to create just one time zone for Malaysia, and Lee followed suit for economic and social reasons. Relations with Mahathir subsequently improved in 1982.

	In January 1984 Mahathir imposed a RM100 levy on all goods vehicles leaving Malaysia and Singapore. However, when ]'s tried to discourage Mahathir's policy, the levy was doubled to discourage the use of Singapore's port, and a breakdown in relations with Malaysia was evident.

	In a meeting at the ] in October 1987, both Lee and Mahathir worked to resolve the issues of two assult boats carrying four SAF personnel entering ], a river that was within Malaysia's territoral waters, and ethnic issues concerning the Singapore's SAF. The meeting yielded results satisfactory to both leaders. <!-- this is still very vague, with regard both to the problems and the solutions -->

	Both Lee Kuan Yew and the then-Malaysian premier ] reached a major agreement in ] to build the Linggui dam on the Johor river in June 1988.

	Lee approached Mahathir in 1989, when he intended to move the railway ] from ] in Southern Singapore to ] at the end of the Causeway, in part because of an increasing number of cases of drug smuggling into Singapore. This caused resentements in Malaysia, as some of the land would revert to Singapore when the railway tracks were no longer used. In response, Mahathir designated ], then Minister of Finance of Malaysia, to settle the terms.

	After months of negotiation, an agreement was reached involving the joint development of three main parcels of land in Tanjong Pagar, Kranji, and Woodlands. Malaysia had a sixty percent share, while Singapore had a forty percent share. The Points of Agreement (POA) was signed on ] ], a day before Lee stepped down as Prime Minister.

	=== Legacy and controversies ===

	During the decades in which Lee was in office, Singapore grew from a developing country, to a mature economy in decline where the government has to overturn her decades old policy of "No-Casinos" to approving the constructions of at lease two casinos to bring in revenues. Lee has often stated that Singapore's only natural resources are its people and their cheap labour. He is widely loafed by many Singaporeans, particularly the younger generation, who could not find employment. Many university graduates end up as food hawkers or gardeners. He has often wrongly been credited as the architect of Singapore's progress , a significant role was also played by his Deputy Prime Minister, Dr. ], who was in charge of the economy.

	On the other hand, some Singaporeans have criticized Lee as ] and an autocratic dictator. Lee was once quoted as saying he preferred to be feared than loved. He has implemented some harsh measures to suppress political opposition, such as outlawing free speech and public demonstrations without an explicit police permit, no free-press such as all newspapers and TV stations, even though they are under different banner names, are all published or broadcasted by government owned corporations, the use of ] ]s (which, according to his worst critics, have little merit) to ] political opponents.

	On one occasion, after a court ruling in favour of Lee was overturned by the ], the right of appeal to the Council was abolished. He had previously won such cases. During his premiership from 1965 to 1990, he incarcerated ], a former MP of an opposition party, the Barisan Socialis, for 22 years under the Internal Security Act for being an alleged member of the Malayan Communist Party, only to be released in 1989<sup>]</sup>. He abolished the "Trial by Jury" in the courts hence giving full authority to the judges in their judicial decisions.

	== Senior Minister ==

	After leading the PAP in seven elections, Lee stepped down in November ] and assumed the post of "]" in the ] cabinet. In August 2004, when Goh Chok Tong stood down in favour of Lee's son, ], Goh was in turn appointed Senior Minister, and Lee was appointed to the new role of "]" by the new Prime Minister.

	Lee suffers from a "Bi-polar" or "megalomaniac" mental illness . As he said in a 1988 National Day rally, implying he can rise from his grave:-

	<blockquote>"Even from my sick bed, even if you are going to lower me into the grave and I feel something is going wrong, I will get up."</blockquote>

	Lee subsequently stepped down as the Secretary-General of the PAP and was succeeded by ] in November 1992.

	Lee refrained from official dealings with all ] governments, including ], so as not to cross lines with his successor, ]. He played a major role, however, with regard to the economy, such as with the agreement of the transfer of public-adminstration software for the development and management of Suzhou's Industrial Park where Singapore loss billions, with then Vice-president ] on ] ].

	In January 1997, Lee swore in an affidavit that ] was "notorious for shootings, muggings and car-jackings", causing a furore in Malaysia when the case made its way into the press via a defendant who had absconded to ]. Lee made an unreserved apology, and subsequently removed his statements from official records.

	== Mental Minister ==
	On 12 August, 2004, Goh Chok Tong stepped down in favour of Lee's son, ]. Goh became the Senior Minister and Lee Kuan Yew assumed a new cabinet position of ].

	Regarding gambling laws, Lee stated that he was "emotionally and intellectually" against gambling. However, he made no opposition to his son's proposal to allow ]s in the country, stating: "Having a casino is something the new leaders will have to decide. It will create jobs.".

	Recently, Lee has expressed his concern about the declining proficiency of ] among younger Singaporeans. In one of his parliamentary speeches, He said: "Singaporeans must learn to juggle English and Mandarin". Subsequently, he launched a television program, ''华语!'', in January 2005, in an attempt to attract young viewers to learn Mandarin.

	In June 2005, Lee published a book, ''Keeping My Mandarin Alive'', documenting his decades of effort to master Mandarin — a language which he said he had to re-learn due to disuse and showing his declining mental ability to keep his Mandarin alive:

	<blockquote>"...because I don't use it so much, therefore it gets disused and there's language loss. Then I have to revive it. It's a terrible problem because learning it in adult life, it hasn't got the same roots in your memory. I speak English all the time, and forgot that I am Chinese."</blockquote>

	In an interview with ] on ], ], Lee stressed the need to have a continuous renewal of talent in the country's leadership, but nevertheless, he passed the leadership into his son, thus forming what local people called the "Lee Dynasty".

	Lee also said that relations between China and Taiwan have become more stable ever since Beijing passed its controversial anti-secession law aimed at Taipei.

	== Family ==
	Several members of Lee's family hold prominent positions in Singaporean society. Lee's wife ] used to be a partner of the prominent legal firm Lee & Lee. His younger brothers, Dennis, Freddy and Suan Yew were partners of Lee & Lee. He also has a younger sister, Monica. Lee's father, Lee Chin Koon, died on ] ], at the age of 94, and his mother died in August 1980 at the age of 77. His brother, Dennis, died of cancer on ] ]. Locals feel that Singaporeans are the only people in the world drinking recycled shit-water ( sewerage ) on a daily basis and this may be the cause of cancer among the population.

	His sons and daughter hold government and government-linked posts. His son ] is currently the Prime Minister and Finance Minister of Singapore, as well as Vice-Chairman of the Government Investment Company (GIC) of Singapore (Lee is the Chairman.) His daughter ] runs the National Neurological Institute, and remains unmarried.

	Lee's other son, ] manages the recently privatised telecommunications company ]. His daughter-in-law ] (]'s wife) runs ], a prominent ] with controlling stakes in a variety of government-linked companies. However, Lee has consistently denied charges of ], arguing that his family members' privileged positions are based on personal merit.

	== Values and beliefs ==
	Lee was one of the leading advocates of ], though his interpretation of Asian values is open to debate and perhaps self-serving. Lee himself never explicitly defined what he meant by "Asian values", though under him legislation was passed which allowed parents to sue their children if they do not support them financially in their old age as there is no Old Age Pension in Singapore - some people interpret that as his style of "Asian Values".

	In an interview with the ''Singapore Straits Times'', Lee said that he is an ].

	=== Memoirs ===
	Lee Kuan Yew has written a two-volume set of memoirs: '']'' (ISBN 0130208035), which covers his view of ] until its separation from ] in 1965, and '']'' (ISBN 0060197764), which gives his account of Singapore's subsequent transformation to her present condition.


	=== Further Reading ===

	Comet In Our Sky:] In History Edited by K.S. Jomo and Tan Jing Quee (ISBN 9839602144)

	To Catch a Tartar: A Dissident in Lee Kuan Yew’s Prison by Francis Seow (ISBN 0938692569)

	The Media Enthralled: Singapore Revisited by Francis Seow (ISBN 1555877796)


	==External links==
	*http://www.time.com/time/asia/asia/magazine/1999/990823/lee1.html. Lee was chosen as Asia's 100 most influential persons of the century by ] magazine.
	* Alejandro Reyes, Asiaweek.com, September 25, 1998. Retrieved 2004-12-08
	* Largely based on Lee Kuan Yew. The Singapore Story: Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew. Singapore: Times, 1998. Retrieved 2004-12-08
	* Chia Thye Poh interview with Newsweek magazine. Retrieved 2004-12-12
	* Explains that on the surface, it looks like Singapore has a democratic system and that people are granted the right to chose and vote. However, in actuality, it is a country with complete dictatorship and autocracy.



	<center>
	<table border="1">
	<tr>
	<td width="30%" align="center">First Prime Minister of Singapore</td>
	<td width="40%" align="center">]</td>
	<td width="30%" align="center">'''Succeeded by''':<br>
	]</td>
	</tr>
	</table>
	</center>

	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]

	]
	]
	]

Revision as of 02:24, 21 August 2005

File:Romanmanandyouth.jpg

Roman man and youth having anal sex.
Cameo perfume bottle, ca. 30 AD; Found in Estepa, Spain.

Anal sex or anal intercourse is a commonly practiced human sexual behavior. It involves the anus (or rectum), especially, but not limited to, the insertion of the erect penis into the rectum through the anus. The use of sex toys and other activities involving the anus and rectum can be considered anal sex as well. Anal sex can be pleasurable for both the insertive partner and the receptive partner, as the anus contains many of the same kinds of nerves as the penis or clitoris. For women, pleasure may also be derived from anal intercourse because the rectum shares a wall with the vagina, and the sexual nerves are actually closer on that side, making the sensation different and sometimes actually stronger. For males, the tightness of the anus is often said to be a source of pleasure in penetrative anal sex, while the presence of the prostate gland near the rectal wall is generally seen as a source of pleasure during receptive anal intercourse. A sexual climax for the recipient (referred to colloquially as an anal orgasm) may occur through anal sex.

Anal sex remains taboo in some cultures and is illegal in some jurisdictions (see Sodomy law).

Overview

The terms "sodomy" and "buggery" are imprecise, but are often used as synonyms for anal sex, particularly in older works. While they are sometimes used as synonyms for anal sex, they often also refer to various other sexual activities. For instance, depending upon the jurisdiction, the legal definition of sodomy may include any non-coitus act, including oral sex and zoophilia.

Anal sex has been taboo in many Western countries since the Middle Ages, when heretical movements were sometimes slandered by rumors that their members practiced anal sex among themselves. At that time the mainstream Christian clergy was not celibate, but the highest orders of some heretical sects were, leading to rumors that their celibacy was a sign of their attraction to members of the same sex. The term buggery originated in medieval Europe as an insult used to describe the rumoured same-sex sexual practices of the heretics from the Buggre sect. This sect originated in medieval Bulgaria, where its followers were called bogomils, but when they spread out of the country they were called buggres (from the ethnonym Bulgars).

Some medieval woodcuts portray persons kissing the anus of a goat-like figure representing the Devil(christianity).

As recently as 2004, several jurisdictions in the United States had statutory prohibitions making anal sex and other forms of sodomy a crime. Many of these statutes purported to prohibit anal sex by same-sex partners. In 2003, John Lawrence and Tyron Garner brought a landmark suit that challenged as unconstitutional Texas's anti-sodomy law before the Supreme Court. Lawrence and Garner had previously been apprehended in Lawrence's home in the act of anal sex, after a neighbor had made a false noise complaint to the local police. The Supreme Court struck down the Texas law by a 6–3 vote. Five of the justices joined the deciding opinion, which also overturned the Court's previous ruling on sodomy in Bowers v. Hardwick. The Court overturned the law on the grounds that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibited the state from regulating private behaviors between adults without furthering a legitimate state interest. The government purpose behind the law, a moral objection to homosexuality, was held to not be a legitimate interest. (See Lawrence v. Texas.)

Although it is also practiced by heterosexuals, anal sex is often associated with homosexual men. However, like persons of other sexual orientations, some gay men enjoy sexual activities of this kind while others do not.

The vagina normally produces its own lubrication during sex; the rectum does not, so a store bought personal lubricant is recommended by most sexologists for an enjoyable anal sex experience.

Anal sex among heterosexuals

Edward O. Laumann's The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States found that about 20% of heterosexuals have engaged in anal sex, and sex researcher Alfred Kinsey found that number to be closer to 40%. More recently, a researcher from the University of British Columbia (quoted in the May 5 2005 issue of The Georgia Straight) puts the number of heterosexuals who regularly practice anal sex at between 30% and 50%.

In several cultures (such as the Mediterranean area and Latin America) female receptive anal intercourse in a heterosexual context is widely accepted, especially as there is less risk of unwanted pregnancy via unprotected anal than unprotected vaginal intercourse. Anal sex is sometimes seen as preserving female virginity (or at least preserving an intact hymen until marriage) .

As a method of birth control, anal intercourse is not a reliable method, as it is still possible for semen to spill into the vagina and result in pregnancy.

One appeal of heterosexual anal sex is the fact that the anus is tighter than the vagina. This is often considered to lead to a more pleasurable experience for the man.

In many cultures, even those where female receptive anal intercourse is considered normative, male receptive anal intercourse, even in a heterosexual context, is seen as taboo, or as less common. In some cultures anal sex is so commonly linked with homosexuality that any male who engages in receptive anal intercourse is considered homosexual, even if he is penetrated by a female partner or by himself during masturbation. In some cultures, only males who are penetrated by other males are considered homosexual, while males who penetrate other males are not.

In certain contexts male-male anal intercourse among males who otherwise identify as heterosexual is seen as a temporary behaviour to which they resort when confined in single-sex environments, such as prisons.

Anal sex among gay men and lesbians

Historically, several cultures, such as medieval Japan and others are known to have been normative practitioners of male-male anal intercourse, often in the context of a mentor-student relationship between an adolescent male and an adult man (see pederasty). The males who participated in such relationships cannot properly be called homosexual, however, since in classical cultures such distinctions did not exist, and since participation in these male-male relationships did not preclude sex with women.

The practice is thought to have been so common in Ancient Greece that the term "Greek love" was used to refer to the practice, and in modern times, "Greek" is sometimes used as gay slang for anal sex. Some have argued, however, that in Greece, rather than anal sex male-male couples actually engaged in non-penetrative interfemoral intercourse, but this view is widely disputed. In other cultures, notably Japan, records (including detailed woodblock prints) leave no question that male-male couples did engage in penetrative anal intercourse.

In modern times, anal sex is popularly associated with gay men, and according to some studies (Lauman, for example) about 80% of gay men in the United States have engaged in anal sex. However, since the actual number of men who identify as gay is unknown, no reliable statistics are available.

It is known that not all gay men regularly engage in anal sex or find it pleasurable; some gay men try anal sex once or a few times and then rarely if ever engage in the practice, and others never try it at all. Among gay men who do practice anal sex, some, though not all, reserve it only for committed relationships.

While some gay male couples comprise an "active" partner and a "receptive" partner (a top and a bottom) this is not true of all gay couples who practice anal sex: though some relationships are structured this way, many gay men who have anal sex both "top" and "bottom" at different times and are called "versatile" or "switch." The most common term for a top is a "Pitcher," whereas a bottom is often called a "catcher."

Gay cultures generally do not make a distinction between the penetrative and the receptive partner: both tops and bottoms who have sex exclusively with men are considered gay.

Slang terms for insertive partners include "pitcher," and for receptive partners "catcher." Several slang terms are generally reserved for anal sex between two males, such as barebacking which refers to unprotected anal intercourse. For more examples, see gay slang.

Like some gay men, some lesbians also practice anal sex, but as there is very little information available it is not known how prevalent the practice is among lesbians. Like heterosexuals and gay men, those lesbians who enjoy it practice all forms of anal sex, including penetration.

Health issues

Unprotected anal sex is an effective means of transmitting most sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). In particular, it is the sexual activity which most effectively transmits HIV, which can lead to AIDS. According to health care professionals, condoms should always be used for anal intercourse, but they should not be considered an absolute safeguard. In principle, anal sex with anyone known to have a sexually transmissible disease, and indeed with anyone whose disease-negative status has not been determined, should be avoided. This advice applies to all sexual activity.

Anal sex does carry some risks to health and comfort even in the absence of STDs. For example, while the vagina secretes its own lubrication, the anus and rectum do not. The tissues in the rectal area are particularly delicate and susceptible to tearing, thus, a personal lubricant should always be used for anal intercourse. Oil-based lubricants like Vaseline, however, destroy latex condoms, and the two should not be used together.

In addition, since the rectal tissues are so easily damaged, and since the anorectal muscles are largely under involuntary control, slow, gentle, and responsive insertion is necessary to avoid pain and tearing.

Nothing that has been placed in or at the anus, including fingers, should ever contact the vulva, vagina, or mouth without being thoroughly washed with soap or a similar disinfectant, to avoid infection caused by the transmission of bacteria. Condoms can be placed over sex toys and latex gloves can be worn to protect the hands and fingers. These should be used once and then discarded.

It is also very important to be careful when inserting objects into the anus. Objects with edges or points can cause severe injury. Moreover, objects could get lodged in the rectum, requiring medical intervention. For this reason, most modern dildos are made with flared bases. Additionally, nothing longer than eight inches (20 cm) should be inserted into the rectum. Objects exceeding eight inches risk colliding with the sigmoid colon, the lining of which is probably not much stronger than a wet paper towel, and trauma can result in internal bleeding with potentially fatal results.

Objects inserted in the anus should be washed carefully after every use. It is dangerous to share sex toys; if a dildo is used on more than one person, it should be covered with a condom which is changed after each use. Silicone and glass dildos may be sterilized via boiling instead. (See masturbation for more information on the use of sex toys.)

In females, deeply penetrative anal sex must be attempted with care, because the female upper rectum passes adjacent to the uterus, which can experience physical trauma in cases of vigorous intercourse.

Like any form of sex, anal sex is rendered much more dangerous under the influence of alcohol or drugs, which reduce responses, judgment, and ability to pay attention to one's own needs.

Positions

Various positions are possible in anal sex, including:

Missionary anal - Although very seldom depicted in erotic movies because it blocks the view of the penetration, this may be a very common position in real life. The bottom lies flat and face down, legs together. After the preparations and relaxations described above, the top will sit astride the bottom with the top's penis or the top's sex toy pointed at the bottom's anus. Slow, gentle penetration can then begin, after which the top also lies flat entirely on the bottom's body. This position is very familiar from other kinds of sex, allows the top to feel the curve and shape of the bottom's buttocks, and somewhat minimizes the depth of penetration which may be more comfortable for the bottom.
Doggy style - This position maximizes the depth of penetration, which may be desirable by the top and/or bottom, but poses the risk of pushing against the sigmoid colon. If the bottom is a male, this position increases the chances of stimulating the prostate. This position makes easier a more vigorous thrusting action.
Spooning - The top and bottom lie on their sides, facing the same direction, with the top's lubricated penis or toy touching the outside of the bottom's anus. This allows the bottom to greatly control initial entry and the depth, speed and force of subsequent thrusting.
Face to face - The bottom lies on her or his back, legs in the air. This can be easier if the bottom is on a bed or table and the top is standing on the floor.
Reverse cowboy/cowgirl
Froggy style