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{{Infobox Celebrity
| name = Linus Torvalds
| image = Linus Torvalds.jpeg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1969|12|28}}
| birth_place = ], ]
| residence = ]
| nationality = ]
| known_for = ]
| employer = ]
| occupation = ]
| spouse = Tove Torvalds
| children = Patricia Miranda Torvalds <br/> Daniela Yolanda Torvalds <br/> Celeste Amanda Torvalds
| parents = ] (father) <br/> Anna Torvalds (mother)
| relatives = ] (grandfather)
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Linus Benedict Torvalds''' ({{Audio|Sv-Linus_Torvalds2.ogg|pronunciation}}; {{IPA|}}; born ] ] in ], ]) is a ] ] best known for initiating the development of the ]. He now acts as the project's coordinator.

==Biography==
===Early years===
Linus Torvalds was born in Helsinki, Finland, the son of journalists Anna and ],<ref>{{cite book | last = Torvalds | first = Linus | coauthors = David Diamond | title = ] | publisher = ] | year = 2001 | id = ISBN 0-06-662073-2 }}</ref> and the grandson of poet ]. His family belongs to the ]-speaking minority (5.5%) of Finland's population. Torvalds was named after ], the American ]-winning chemist, although in the book ''Rebel Code: Linux and the Open Source Revolution'', Torvalds is quoted as saying, "I think I was named equally for ] the ]-cartoon character," noting that this makes him half "Nobel-prize-winning chemist" and half "blanket-carrying cartoon character."<ref name="moody">{{cite book
| last = Moody
| first = Glyn
| title = Rebel Code: Linux and the Open Source Revolution
| publisher = Perseus Books Group
| date = 2002
| pages = 336
| url = http://www.perseusbooksgroup.com/perseus/book_detail_redirect.do?imprintCid=BA&isbn=0738206709
| isbn = 0738206709}}</ref>
Both of his parents were campus radicals at the ] in the 1960s.

Torvalds attended the University of Helsinki from 1988 to 1996, graduating with a master's degree in ]. His M.Sc. thesis was titled '']: A Portable Operating System''. From 1997 to 1999 he was involved in ] helping to choose the standard binary format for Linux and ].

His interest in computers began with a ].<ref>''Just For Fun'' pages 6-7</ref> After the VIC-20 he purchased a ] which he modified extensively, especially its operating system. He programmed an ] and a ] for the QL, as well as a few games.<ref>''Just For Fun'' pages 41-46</ref> He is known to have written a '']'' clone named ''Cool Man''. In 1990 he purchased an ]-based ] and spent a few weeks playing the game '']'' before receiving his ] copy which in turn enabled him to begin his work on Linux.<ref name="moody" />

===Later years===
Linus Torvalds is married to Tove Torvalds (] Monni) &ndash; a six-time Finnish national ] champion &ndash; whom he first met in the autumn of 1993.<ref>''Just For Fun'' page 123</ref><!-- this page/book confirms the date, her name, and the karate champ info --> Torvalds was running introductory computer laboratory exercises for students and instructed the course attendants to send him an ] as a test, to which Tove responded with an e-mail asking for a date.<ref name="moody" /> Tove and Linus were later married and have three daughters, Patricia, Daniela, and Celeste.<ref name="linusbio"></ref>

After a visit to ] in late 1996, <ref></ref> he accepted a position at the company in California, where he would work from February 1997 through June 2003. He then moved to the ], which has since merged with the ] to become the ], under whose auspices he continues to work. In June of 2004, Torvalds and his family moved to ] to be closer to the consortium's ]-based headquarters.

] and ], both leading developers of Linux-based software, presented Torvalds with ]s in gratitude for his creation. In 1999, both companies ] and Torvalds' ] shot up to roughly $20 million.<ref name="Unauthbio"></ref>

His personal mascot is a ] nicknamed ], which has been widely adopted by the Linux community as the mascot of the Linux kernel.

Unlike many ] icons, Torvalds maintains a low profile and generally refuses to comment on competing software products. Torvalds generally stays out of non-kernel-related debates. Although Torvalds believes that "] is the only right way to do software", he also has said that he uses the "best tool for the job", even if that includes ].<ref>, 9:50-10:00</ref> He has been criticized for his use and alleged advocacy of the proprietary ] software for version control in the Linux kernel. However, Torvalds has since written a free-software replacement for BitKeeper called ]. Torvalds has commented on official ] developmental mailing lists that, in terms of ]s, he encourages users to switch to ]<ref></ref> and he explained why.<ref></ref>

==The Linus/Linux connection==
{{main|History of Linux}}
Initially Torvalds wanted to call the kernel he developed ''Freax'' (a combination of "free", "freak", and the letter X to indicate that it is a Unix-like system), but his friend ], who administered the ] ] where the kernel was first hosted for downloading, named Torvalds' directory ''linux''.

==Authority on Linux==
About 2% of the current Linux kernel is written by Torvalds himself.<ref name="linusbio"/> Since Linux has had thousands of contributors, such a percentage represents a significant personal contribution to the overall amount of code. Torvalds remains the ultimate authority on what new code is incorporated into the standard Linux kernel.<ref name="Open Life">Henrik Ingo. Open Life: The Philosophy of Open Source. Ingram, 2005. 42-45. </ref>

==Linux trademark==
Torvalds owns the "Linux" ], and monitors<ref></ref> use of it chiefly through the ] ].

==Recognition==
*In 1996 Asteroid ] was named after Linus Torvalds.
*In 1998 he received an ] ].<ref></ref>
*In 1999 he received honorary doctor status at ].
*The 1999 novel ] by ] features several characters who use "Finux" a Unix-like operating system developed in Finland.
*In 2000 he received honorary doctor status at ].
*In 2000 he was awarded the ].<ref>, British Computer Society, September 2007.</ref>
*In the ] magazine's ] Poll, Torvalds was voted at #17 at the poll's close in 2000.<ref></ref>
*In 2001, he shared the ] for Social/Economic Well-Being with ] and ].
*The 2001 film ] contains a Finnish character – the number one computer hacker in the world – named Axl Torvalds.
*In 2004, he was named one of the most influential people in the world by the ] magazine article by ], Time Magazine, posted Monday, Apr. 26, 2004, retrieved October 3, 2006.
*In the search for the ] of all time, voted in the summer of 2004, Torvalds placed 16th.
*In 2005 he appeared as one of "the best managers" in a survey by '']''.<ref></ref>
*In August 2005, Torvalds received the ] from ].<ref></ref>
*In 2006, '']'' magazine named him one of "10 people who don't matter" because the growth of Linux has shrunk Torvalds' individual impact.<ref></ref>
*In 2006, ] Magazine named him one of the revolutionary heroes of the past 60 years.<ref></ref>

== See also ==

* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]

== Notes ==

{{reflist|2}}

== References ==

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book | last = Himanen | first = Pekka | coauthors = Linus Torvalds, and Manuel Castells | title = The Hacker Ethic | publisher = Secker & Warburg | year = 2001 | id = ISBN 0-436-20550-5 }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{external links}}
{{wikiquote}}
{{Commons|Linus Torvalds}}

* (quite outdated)
*
*
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*
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*, a documentary featuring Torvalds
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*, thread begun by the first Usenet post by Linus Torvalds referencing his new project, followed by the advice and requests for features he received in those early weeks when Linux was first being planned
*
*
*
* - ] ]
* - ] ]
*{{Fresh Air episode|url_date_arg=4-Jun-01|date=] ]}}
* - July ]
* - ] ]
* - ] ]
* ] ]
* - June ]
* - June ]
* - July ]
* - August ]
* Jan ] at ]

{{FOSS celeb}}
{{Linux}}

{{Persondata
|NAME=Torvalds, Linus
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=Creator of ]
|DATE OF BIRTH={{Birth date and age|1969|12|28|df=y}}
|PLACE OF BIRTH=], ]
|DATE OF DEATH=
|PLACE OF DEATH=
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Torvalds, Linus}}
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Revision as of 15:21, 27 May 2008

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