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| Arnold Schwarzenegger was the fugliest man alive. | |||
| {{Infobox Governor | |||
| | name = Arnold Schwarzenegger | |||
| | image = Arnold Schwarzenegger bio.jpg | |||
| | imagesize = 169px | |||
| | Private = Arnold Schwarzenegger, 2007 | |||
| | order = 38th | |||
| | office = Governor of California | |||
| | term_start = ] ] | |||
| | lieutenant = ]<br>(2003 — 2007)<br>]<br>(2007 — Present) | |||
| | predecessor = ] | |||
| | successor = | |||
| | order2 = Chairman of the ] | |||
| | term_start2 = 1990 | |||
| | term_end2 = 1993 | |||
| | president2 = ] | |||
| | predecessor2 = | |||
| | successor2 = | |||
| | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1947|07|30}} | |||
| | birth_place = ], ], ] | |||
| | death_date = | |||
| | death_place = | |||
| | nationality = ] | |||
| | party = ] | |||
| | spouse = ] (1986 — present) | |||
| | relations = | |||
| | children = 4 | |||
| | residence = ], ], ] | |||
| | alma_mater = ] | |||
| | occupation = | |||
| | profession = ], ], ], ] (]) | |||
| | religion = ] | |||
| | signature = | |||
| | website = <br> | |||
| | footnotes = | |||
| }} | |||
| '''Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger''' (] {{IPA2|ˌaɐnɔlt aloʏs ˈʃvaɐtsənɛɡɐ}}; born ], ]) is an ]n-] ], ]-winning ], ] and ], currently serving as the ] ] of the ] of ]. | |||
| As a young man, Schwarzenegger gained widespread attention as a highly successful bodybuilder. He later gained worldwide fame as a ] action film icon. Schwarzenegger was nicknamed "The Austrian Oak" and "The ]n Oak" in his bodybuilding days, "Arnold Strong" and "Arnie" during his acting career, and more recently "The Governator" (a ] of ''Governor'' and ''Terminator,'' referring to his internationally popular ]).<ref name="IMDb bio">{{cite web |title=Biography for Arnold Schwarzenegger |publisher=IMDb |url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000216/bio | accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> | |||
| Schwarzenegger is married to ] and has four children. As a ], he was first elected on ], ], in a special ] to replace then-Governor ]. Schwarzenegger was sworn in on ], ], to serve the remainder of Davis's term. Schwarzenegger was then reelected on ], ], in ], to serve a full term as governor, defeating ] ], who was ] at the time. Schwarzenegger was sworn in for a second term on ], ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/05/AR2007010501386.html |title=Schwarzenegger Sworn in for Second Term |publisher=The Associated Press |accessdate=2008-04-23 |last=Kurtzman|first=Laura}}</ref> In May 2004 and 2007, he was named as one of the ] people who help shape the world.<ref>{{cite web |title=Time Magazine: Time 100: Heroes & Icons: Arnold Schwarzenegger |publisher=TIME |url=http://www.time.com/time/subscriber/2004/time100/heroes/100arnold.html |accessdate=2008-04-18 |last=Sullivan |first=Andrew}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Leaders & Revolutionaries: Arnold Schwarzenegger |publisher=TIME |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/time100/article/0,28804,1595326_1615513_1615451,00.html |accessdate=2007-04-18 |last=Kennedy, Jr. |first=Robert F}}</ref> | |||
| == Early life == | |||
| Schwarzenegger was born in ] (German: ''Thal bei Graz''), a small village bordering the ]n capital ], and was ] Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger.<ref name="lifeline">{{cite news |title=Time of His Life |url=http://schwarzenegger.com |work=Schwarzenegger.com |accessdate=2007-04-18}}</ref> His parents were the local ] ] (1907 – 1972), and his wife, the former Aurelia Jadrny (1922 – 1998). They were married on ] ] — Gustav was 38, and Aurelia was a 23-year-old widow with a son named Meinhard. According to Schwarzenegger, both of his parents were "very strict": "Back then in Austria it was a very different world, if we did something bad or we disobeyed our parents, the rod was not spared."<ref name="askarnold1"/> He grew up in a ] family who attended ] every Sunday.<ref name="tmas">{{cite book |last=Andrews |first=Nigel |title=True Myths of Arnold Schwarzenegger |year=2003 |publisher=Bloomsbury |isbn=1582344655}} </ref> | |||
| Gustav had a preference for Meinhard, the elder of the two sons.<ref name="governG2">{{cite news |first=Xan |last=Brooks |title=The Governator |date=2003-08-08 |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/g2/story/0,3604,1014398,00.html |work=The Guardian |accessdate=2007-04-19}}</ref> His favoritism was "strong and blatant," which stemmed from unfounded suspicion "that Arnold wasn’t his child."<ref name="wl">{{cite book |last=Leigh |first=Wendy |title=Arnold: An Unauthorized Biography |date=1990 |isbn=0720719976}}</ref> Schwarzenegger has said his father had "no patience for listening or understanding your problems…there was a wall; a real ]."<ref name="tmas"/> Schwarzenegger had a good ] with his mother, and kept in ] with her until her ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Arnold Schwarzenegger: Mr. Olympia — 1970 – 1975, 1980 |publisher=BodyBuild.com |url=http://www.bodybuildbid.com/articles/mrolympia/arnold-schwarzenegger.html |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> ] has reportedly ] ] views.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pumping Irony |publisher=EW.com |url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,492565,00.html |date=2003-10-03 |accessdate=2008-04-18 |last=Susman |first=Gary}}</ref> In later life, Schwarzenegger commissioned the ] to research his father's wartime record, which came up with no evidence of atrocities.<ref name="governG2"/> At school, Schwarzenegger was apparently "in the middle," but stood out for his "cheerful, good-humored and exuberant" character.<ref name="tmas"/> Money was a problem in the household; Schwarzenegger has recalled that one of the highlights of his youth was when the family bought a refrigerator.<ref name="wl"/> | |||
| As a boy, Schwarzenegger played many sports—heavily influenced by his father.<ref name="tmas"/> He picked up his first ] in 1960, when his ] coach took his team to a local gym.<ref name="lifeline"/> At the age of 14, Schwarzenegger chose ] over football as a career.<ref name="katzfilm">{{cite book |last=Katz |first=Ephraim |title=Film Encyclopedia |year=2006 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0060742143}} </ref><ref name="profilear">{{cite news |title=Profile: Arnold Schwarzenegger |date=2004-08-31 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/3131155.stm |work=BBC |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> Schwarzenegger has responded to a question asking if he was age 13 when he started weightlifting: "I actually started weight training when I was fifteen, but I'd been participating in sports, like soccer, for years, so I felt that although I was slim, I was well-developed, at least enough so that I could start going to the gym and start Olympic lifting."<ref name="askarnold1"/> However, his official website ] claims: "At 14, he started an intensive training program with Kurt Marnul, studied psychology at 15 (to learn more about the power of mind over body) and at 17, officially started his competitive career."<ref name="mrever">{{cite news |title=Mr. Everything |url=http://www.schwarzenegger.com/en/athlete/mreverything/index.asp?sec=athlete&subsec=mreverything |work=Schwarzenegger.com |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> During a speech in 2001, he said, "My own plan formed when I was 14 years old. My father had wanted me to be a police officer like he was. My mother wanted me to go to trade school."<ref name="per">{{cite news |first=Arnold |last=Schwarzenegger |title=ARNOLD'S "PERSPECTIVES" |date=2001-10-03 |url=http://www.schwarzenegger.com/en/life/hiswords/words_en_sac_perspectives.asp?sec=life&subsec=hiswords |work=Schwarzenegger.com |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> Schwarzenegger took to visiting a ] in Graz, where he also frequented the local ] to see bodybuilding idols such as ], ], and ] on the big screen. "I was inspired by individuals like Reg Park and Steve Reeves."<ref name="askarnold1"/> When Reeves passed away in 2000, Schwarzenegger fondly remembered him: "As a teenager, I grew up with Steve Reeves. His remarkable accomplishments allowed me a sense of what was possible, when others around me didn't always understand my dreams ... Steve Reeves has been part of everything I've ever been fortunate enough to achieve."<ref>{{cite news |first=Arnold |last=Schwarzenegger |title=In his own words |url=http://www.schwarzenegger.com/en/life/hiswords/life_hiswords_eng_legacy_366.asp?sec=life&subsec=hiswords |work=Schwarzenegger.com |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> In 1961, Schwarzenegger met former Mr. Austria Kurt Marnul, who invited him to train at the gym in Graz.<ref name="lifeline"/> He was so dedicated as a youngster that he was known to break into the local gym on weekends, when it was usually closed, so that he could train. "It would make me sick to miss a workout … I knew I couldn't look at myself in the mirror the next morning if I didn't do it."<ref name="askarnold1"/> When Schwarzenegger was asked about his first ] experience as a boy, he replied, "I was very young, but I remember my father taking me to the Austrian theaters and seeing some newsreels. The first real movie I saw, that I distinctly remember, was a ] movie."<ref name="askarnold1">{{cite news |title=Ask Arnold |date=2000 |url=http://www.schwarzenegger.com/en/news/askarnold/news_askarnold_eng_legacy_444.asp?sec=news&subsec=askarnold |work=Schwarzenegger.com |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> | |||
| In 1971, his brother Meinhard died in a car ].<ref name="lifeline"/> Meinhard had been drinking, and was killed instantly, and Schwarzenegger did not attend his funeral.<ref name="wl"/> He was due to marry Erika Knapp, and the couple shared a three-year-old son Patrick; Schwarzenegger would pay for Patrick's ] and a life in the United States.<ref name="wl"/> Gustav died the following year from a ].<ref name="lifeline"/> In ''],'' Schwarzenegger claimed that he did not attend his father's funeral because he was ] for a bodybuilding ]. Later, he and the film's producer both stated that this ] was taken from another bodybuilder for the purpose of showing the extremes that some would go to for their ], and to make Schwarzenegger's image more cold and machinelike to fan controversy for the film.<ref>Interview in ''Pumping Iron — 25th Anniversary Edition'' DVD extras</ref> Barbara Baker, his first serious ], has said he informed her of his father's death without ], and never spoke of his brother.<ref name="DT2">{{cite news |title=The girl who can't escape Arnie |date=2003-10-06 |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2003/10/02/bfarni02.xml&page=1 |work=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> Over time, he has given at least three versions of why he did not attend his father's funeral.<ref name="wl"/> | |||
| In an interview with '']'' magazine in 2004, Schwarzenegger told how he suffered what "would now be called child abuse" at the hands of his father. "My hair was pulled. I was hit with belts. So was the kid next door. It was just the way it was. Many of the children I've seen were ] by their parents, which was the German-Austrian ]. They didn't want to create an ]. It was all about conforming. I was one who did not conform, and whose will could not be broken. Therefore, I became a ]. Every time I got hit, and every time someone said, 'you can't do this,' I said, 'this is not going to be for much longer, because I'm going to move out of here. I want to be rich. I want to be somebody.' "<ref>{{cite news |title=Arnie: I was abused as a child |date=2004-08-04 |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/showbiz/showbiznews.html?in_article_id=312729&in_page_id=1773 |work=The Daily Mail |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Arnie: 'I was abused as child' |date=2004-08-04 |url=http://news.scotsman.com/topics.cfm?tid=869&id=893242004 |work=The Scotsman |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> | |||
| === Early adulthood === | |||
| Schwarzenegger served in the ] in 1965, to fulfill the one year of service required at the time of all 18-year-old Austrian males.<ref name="lifeline"/><ref name="mrever"/> He won the Junior Mr. Europe contest in 1965.<ref name="profilear"/> Schwarzenegger went ] during basic training so that he could take part in the competition, and spent a week in an army jail: "Participating in the ] meant so much to me that I didn't carefully think through the consequences. When I got to Stuttgart, I was all confused. I forgot my posing routine, I had to borrow posing trunks, but still I won!"<ref name="askarnold1"/> Contrary to popular belief, it was not Schwarzenegger's bodybuilding debut, which had occurred two years earlier at a minor contest in Graz, at Steirer Hof Hotel (where he had placed second). He was voted best built ] of ], which made him famous. | |||
| "The ] title was my ticket to America — the land of opportunity, where I could become a star and get rich."<ref name="per"/> Schwarzenegger made his first plane trip in 1966, attending the ] competition in ].<ref name="mrever"/> He would come in second in the Mr. Universe competition, not having the muscle "definition" of American winner ].<ref name="mrever"/> He would win the title for the first time in 1967 (he invented new exercises to separate and define his muscle groups), becoming the youngest ever ] at the age of 20.<ref name="mrever"/> He would go on to win the title a further four times.<ref name="profilear"/> Schwarzenegger then flew back to ], training for four to six hours daily, attending business school and working in a health club (Rolf Putzinger's gym where he worked and trained from 1966-1968), returning in 1968 to London to win his next Mr. Universe title.<ref name="mrever"/> He frequently told Roger Field, a friend in Munich at that time "I'm going to become the greatest actor!" | |||
| === Move to the U.S. === | |||
| ], 1984]] | |||
| Schwarzenegger moved to the ] in September 1968 at the age of 21, speaking little ].<ref name="lifeline"/><ref name="profilear"/> "Naturally, when I came to this country, my English was very bad, and my accent was also very strong, which was an obstacle as I began to pursue acting."<ref name="askarnold1"/> There he trained at ] in ], California, under the ] of ]. From 1970 to 1974, one of Schwarzenegger's ] training partners was ], the bodybuilder and ] who designed the original Gold's Gym ] in 1973.<ref>Jennings, Randy (2003, October 21). The Arnold Fans Website. Retrieved on ], ].</ref> Schwarzenegger also became good friends with professional wrestler ]. In 1970, at age 23, he captured his first Mr. Olympia title in ], and would go on to win the title a total of seven times.<ref name="mrever" /> | |||
| In 1969, Schwarzenegger met Barbara Outland Baker, an English teacher he lived with until 1974.<ref name="arniememoir">{{cite news |title=Arnie's ex-girlfriend pens memoir |date=2003-09-09 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/showbiz/3092740.stm |work=BBC |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> Schwarzenegger talked about Barbara in his ] in 1977: "Basically it came down to this: she was a well-balanced ] who wanted an ordinary, solid life, and I was not a well-balanced man, and hated the very idea of ordinary life."<ref name="arniememoir"/> Baker has described Schwarzenegger as "a joyful personality, totally charismatic, adventurous, and athletic" but claims towards the end of the relationship he became "insufferable — classically conceited — the world revolved around him."<ref name="arniememoir">{{cite news |title=Actor's old flame says he's a great guy |date=2003-09-15 |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/09/15/MN272943.DTL |work=The San Francisco Chronicle |accessdate=2007-04-19}}</ref> Baker published her memoir in 2006, entitled ''Arnold and Me: In the Shadow of the Austrian Oak''.<ref name="bakes">{{cite news |first=Catherine |last=Elsworth |title=Arnie puts his weight behind ex-lover's tell-all memoir |date=2006-09-14 |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/09/14/warnie14.xml |work=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> Although Baker, at times, paints an unflattering portrait of her former ] — Schwarzenegger actually contributed to the "tell-all" book with a "foreword," and also met with Baker for three hours.<ref name="bakes"/> Baker claims, for example, that she only learned of his ] ] after they split, and talks of a ] and passionate ] life.<ref name="bakes"/> Schwarzenegger has made it clear that their respective recollection of events can differ.<ref name="bakes"/> The couple first met six to eight months after his arrival in the U.S. — their first date was watching the first ] on ].<ref name="DT2"/> They shared an ] in ] for three and a half years, and having little ], would visit the ] all day, or have ]s in the back yard.<ref name="DT2"/> Although Baker claims that when she first met him, he had "little understanding of polite society" and she found him a "turn-off," she says, "He's as much a self-made man as it's possible to be — he never got encouragement from his parents, his family, his brother. He just had this huge determination to prove himself, and that was very attractive ... I'll go to my grave knowing Arnold loved me."<ref name="DT2"/> | |||
| Schwarzenegger met his next love, Sue Moray, a ] hairdresser's assistant, on ] in July 1977.<ref name="wl"/> According to Moray, the couple led an "open relationship": "We were faithful when we were both in LA...but when he was out of town, we were free to do whatever we wanted."<ref name="wl"/> Schwarzenegger met ] at the Robert F. Kennedy Tennis Tournament in August 1977, and went on to have a relationship with both women until August 1978, when Moray (who knew of his relationship with Shriver) issued an ultimatum.<ref name="wl"/> | |||
| Schwarzenegger has said his "big dream" from the age of 10 was to move to the U.S.<ref name="LAWarn"> {{cite news |first=Bill |last=Bradley |title=Mr. California |date=2002-11-20 |url=http://www.laweekly.com/news/news/mr-california/3387/ |work=LA Weekly |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> He questioned what he was doing "on the farm" in Austria, and believed bodybuilding was his "ticket to America": "I’m sure I can go to America if I win Mr. Universe."<ref name="LAWarn"/> '']'' said in 2002 that Schwarzenegger is the most ] ] in America, who "overcame a thick Austrian accent and transcended the unlikely background of bodybuilding to become the biggest movie star in the world in the 1990s."<ref name="LAWarn"/> | |||
| Schwarzenegger may have been an ] at some point in the late ] or early ], by violating the terms of his ].<ref name="Possible Visa Violations">{{cite news |first=Siskind |last=Bland |title=Schwarzenegger May Have Violated Terms Of Non-Immigrant Visa |date=2007-09-04 |url=http://www.visalaw.com/03sep4/15sep403.html |work=VISALAW.COM |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> | |||
| == Bodybuilding career == | |||
| {{Infobox bodybuilder | |||
| | name = Arnold Schwarzenegger | |||
| | image_name = | |||
| | image_size = 160px | |||
| | image_caption = Arnold "The Austrian Oak" Schwarzenegger | |||
| | nickname = The Austrian Oak | |||
| | birthdate = {{birth date and age|1947|07|30}} | |||
| | birthplace = ], ], ] | |||
| | deathdate = | |||
| | deathplace = | |||
| | height = {{height|ft=6|in=1.5}}<ref name="HeightArnold">{{cite web |title=Arnold Schwarzenegger Height, Schwarzenegger's |publisher=celebheights.com |url=http://www.celebheights.com/s/Arnold-Schwarzenegger-177.html |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> | |||
| | weight = {{convert|235|lb|kg}} | |||
| | firstproshow = NABBA Mr. Universe | |||
| | firstproshowyear = 1968 | |||
| | bestwin = IFBB Mr. Olympia | |||
| | bestwinyear = 1970-1975, 1980, Seven Times | |||
| | predecessor = ] ('69), ] ('79) | |||
| | successor = ] ('76"), ] ('81) | |||
| | yesorretiredyear = Retired 1980 | |||
| }} | |||
| {{seealso|Bodybuilding competitions featuring Arnold Schwarzenegger}} | |||
| Schwarzenegger is considered among the most important figures in the history of bodybuilding, and his legacy is commemorated in the ] annual bodybuilding competition. Schwarzenegger has remained a prominent face in the bodybuilding sport long after his retirement, in part because of his ownership of gyms and fitness magazines. He has presided over numerous contests and awards shows. For many years, he wrote a monthly column for the bodybuilding magazines '']'' and '']''. Shortly after being elected Governor, he was appointed ] of both magazines, in a largely symbolic capacity. The magazines agreed to donate $250,000 a year to the Governor's various physical fitness initiatives. The magazine ''MuscleMag International'' has a monthly two-page article on him, and refers to him as "The King." | |||
| One of the first competitions he won was the Junior Mr. Europe contest in 1965.<ref name="lifeline"/> He won Mr. Europe the following year, at age 19.<ref name="lifeline"/><ref name="mrever"/> He would go on to compete in and win many bodybuilding contests, as well as some ] contests, including five Mr. Universe (4 — ] , 1 — ] ) wins, and seven ] wins, a record which would stand until ] won his eighth consecutive Mr. Olympia title in 1991. | |||
| === Strongman === | |||
| In 1967, Schwarzenegger competed in and won the Munich stone-lifting contest, in which a stone weighing 508 ] (254 kg/560 lbs.) is lifted between the legs while standing on two foot rests. Schwarzenegger has said the following on his size: "During the peak of my career, my calves were 20 inches, thighs 28.5 inches, waist 34 inches, chest 57 inches, and 22-inch arms."<ref name="askarnold1"/> | |||
| In a full squat (buttocks on ground) Schwarzenegger had a personal record of 180 kg for eight repetitions. | |||
| === Mr. Olympia === | |||
| Schwarzenegger's goal was to become the greatest bodybuilder in the world, which meant becoming ].<ref name="lifeline"/><ref name="mrever"/> His first attempt was in 1969, when he lost to three-time champion ]. However, Schwarzenegger came back in 1970 and won the competition making him the youngest ever Mr. Olympia at the age of 23, a record he still holds to this day.<ref name="mrever"/> | |||
| He continued his winning streak in the 1971 – 1974 competitions.<ref name="mrever"/> In 1975, Schwarzenegger was once again in top form, and won the title for the sixth consecutive time,<ref name="mrever"/> beating ]. After the 1975 Mr. Olympia contest, Schwarzenegger announced his retirement from professional bodybuilding.<ref name="mrever"/> | |||
| Months before the 1975 Mr. Olympia contest, filmmakers George Butler and Robert Fiore persuaded Schwarzenegger to compete, in order to film his training in the bodybuilding documentary called ''].'' Schwarzenegger had only three months to prepare for the competition, after losing significant weight to appear in the film '']'' with ]. ] proved not to be a threat, and a lighter-than-usual Schwarzenegger convincingly won the 1975 Mr. Olympia. After being declared Mr. Olympia for a sixth ''consecutive'' time, Schwarzenegger retired from competition. | |||
| Schwarzenegger came out of retirement, however, to compete in the 1980 Mr. Olympia.<ref name="lifeline"/> Schwarzenegger was training for his role in '']'', and he got into such good shape because of the running, horseback riding, and sword training, that he decided he wanted to win the Mr. Olympia contest one last time. He kept this plan a secret, in the event that a training accident would prevent his entry and cause him to lose face. Schwarzenegger had been hired to provide ] for network television, when he announced at ] that while he was there: "Why not compete?" Schwarzenegger ended up winning the event with only seven weeks of preparation. After being declared Mr. Olympia for a seventh time, Schwarzenegger officially retired from competition. | |||
| === Steroid use === | |||
| Schwarzenegger has admitted to using performance-enhancing ]s while they were legal, writing in 1967 that "steroids were helpful to me in maintaining muscle size while on a strict diet in preparation for a contest. I did not use them for muscle growth, but rather for muscle maintenance when cutting up." He has called the drugs "tissue building."<ref name="Arnold Steroids">{{cite web |title=Arnold & Steroids: Truth Revealed |publisher=get2net |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20031008172601/http://hjem.get2net.dk/JamesBond/www/artikler/steroidemisbrug/arnoldandsteroids.htm |accessdate=2008-04-18 |last=Theunissen |first=Steve}}</ref> | |||
| In 1999, Schwarzenegger sued Dr. Willi Heepe, a German doctor who publicly predicted an early death for the bodybuilder, based on a link between steroid use and later heart problems. Because the doctor had never examined him personally, Schwarzenegger collected a ]20,000 ($12,000 USD) ] judgment against him in a German court. In 1999, Schwarzenegger also sued and settled with '']'', a U.S. tabloid which had made similar predictions about the bodybuilder's future health. As late as 1996, a year before ] to replace an ] with ],<ref> Schwarzenegger.com, (March 8, 2001). Retrieved on ], ]</ref> Schwarzenegger publicly defended his use of anabolic steroids during his bodybuilding career.<ref>{{cite web |title=Conan the Politician |publisher=ESPN |url=http://espn.go.com/columns/farrey_tom/1655597.html |accessdate=2008-04-18 |last=Farrey |first=Tom}}</ref> | |||
| Schwarzenegger was born with a ], an aortic valve with only two leaflets (a normal aortic valve has three leaflets). Both his father and his brother had the same condition. {{fact|May 2008}} | |||
| == Acting career == | |||
| {{Infobox actor | |||
| <!--this is not primary infobox, so don't duplicate fields shown in Infobox Governor--> | |||
| | othername = Arnold Strong<br>Arnie<br>Arnold The Governator | |||
| | yearsactive = 1970 - 2005 <small>(acting)</small> | |||
| | occupation = actor, director, producer | |||
| | goldenglobeawards = ''']'''<br>1977 | |||
| | goldenraspberryawards = ''']'''<br>2004 with 8 all-time nominations | |||
| }} | |||
| ]'']] | |||
| {{seealso|Arnold Schwarzenegger filmography}} | |||
| In 1970, Arnold Schwarzenegger was known as the World's Strongest Man. He had long wanted to move from bodybuilding into acting, as many of his idols had done, such as Reg Park. Initially, he had trouble breaking into films owing to his long surname, "overly" large muscles, and foreign accent, but he was nevertheless chosen to play the role of Hercules (as both Reg Park and Steve Reeves had done) in '']'' (1970). | |||
| Credited under the name "Arnold Strong," his accent in the film was so thick that producers feared he would not be easily understood by audiences, so they had his lines ] after production.<ref name="profilear"/> His second film appearance was as a ] and ] hit-man for the mob in director ] '']'' (1973), which was followed by a much more significant part in the film '']'' (1976), for which he was awarded a ] for Best New Male Star. Schwarzenegger has discussed his early struggles in developing his acting career. "It was very difficult for me in the beginning — I was told by agents and casting people that my body was 'too weird,' that I had a funny accent, and that my name was too long. You name it, and they told me I had to change it. Basically, everywhere I turned, I was told that I had no chance."<ref name="askarnold1"/> | |||
| Schwarzenegger drew wide attention and boosted his profile in the ] film '']'' (1977),<ref name="profilear"/><ref name="katzfilm"/> elements of which were dramatized. In 1991, Schwarzenegger purchased the rights to the film, its outtakes, and associated still photography.<ref name="Arnold Steroids">{{cite web |title=The Smoking Gun: Archive |publisher=TheSmokingGun |url=http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/arnoldpump1.html |accessdate=2007-05-11}}</ref> | |||
| Arnold also appeared with ] and ] in the 1979 comedy '']''. Schwarzenegger's breakthrough film was the "mythical epic" '']'' in 1982, which was a box-office hit.<ref name="katzfilm"/> This was followed by a sequel, '']'' in 1984, which performed disappointingly.<ref name="tessay">{{cite news |first=Clark |last=Collis |title=EMPIRE ESSAY: The Terminator |url=http://www.empireonline.com/reviews/reviewcomplete.asp?FID=132648 |work=Empire magazine |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> Later, he appeared on the cover of '']'' magazine dressed as "Conan The Barbarian."<ref>{{cite web |title=ARNOLD AT THE RNC |publisher=High Times |url=http://www.hightimes.com/ht/news/content.php?bid=273&aid=4http://www.hightimes.com/ht/news/content.php?bid=273&aid=4 |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> | |||
| In 1983, Arnold Schwarzenegger starred in the promotional video ]. | |||
| As an actor, he may be best known as the title character of director ]'s influential ] film '']'' (1984) and its sequels.<ref name="katzfilm"/><ref name="profilear"/><ref name="fanleam">{{cite book |last=Leamer |first=Laurence |title=Fantastic: The life of Arnold Schwarzenegger |year=2005 |publisher=St Martin’s Press}}</ref> Following ''The Terminator'', Schwarzenegger made '']'' in 1985, which "sank without a trace."<ref name="tessay"/> | |||
| He also made a mark for injecting his films with a droll, often self-deprecating sense of humor (including sometimes famously bad ]s), setting him apart from more serious action heroes such as ]. Schwarzenegger's alternative-universe comedy/thriller '']'' featured a poster of the movie ''Terminator 2: Judgment Day'' which, in that alternate universe, had ] as its star. A similar in-joke in '']'' suggested that the two actors might one day co-star, something which has yet to come to pass. During the 1980s, audiences had a large appetite for action films, with both Schwarzenegger and Sylvester Stallone becoming international stars.<ref name="profilear"/> | |||
| Following his arrival as a Hollywood superstar, he made a number of successful films: '']'' (1985), '']'' (1986), '']'' (1987), and '']'' (1988). In '']'' (1987), another successful film, Schwarzenegger led a cast which included future ] ] ] (Ventura also appeared in '']'' and '']'' with Schwarzenegger) and future ] ] candidate ]. | |||
| '']'' (1988), a comedy with ], was a change of pace, and also proved to be successful. '']'' (1990), at that time the most expensive film ever, netted Schwarzenegger $10 million and 15% of the gross, and was a widely praised, thought-provoking science-fiction script (based on the ] short story "]"). '']'' (1990) was another comedy which reunited him with director ], who also directed him in ''Twins''. | |||
| Schwarzenegger had a brief foray into directing, first with a 1990 episode of the ] '']'', entitled "]," and then with the 1992 ] '']''. He has not directed since. | |||
| Schwarzenegger's critical and commercial high-water mark was the 1991 sequel to his 1984 hit ''The Terminator'': '']'', which was one of the highest-grossing films of the year, and surpassed the original film's success. In 1993, the ] named him the "International Star of the Decade."<ref name="lifeline"/> His next film project, the 1993 self-aware ] ] '']'' had the misfortune to be released opposite '']'', and suffered accordingly. Schwarzenegger's career never again achieved quite the same prominence, his aura of box-office invincibility suffering, although his next film, the action comedy '']'' (1994) was a highly popular send-up of spy films, and saw Schwarzenegger reunited with director ], whose own career had taken off with ''].'' | |||
| ] in the 1997 film '']'']] | |||
| Shortly thereafter came another comedy: '']'' (1994), which reunited him with ''Twins'' director Ivan Reitman once again as well as co-star ]. This film also brought Schwarzenegger his second ] nomination, this time for ]. It was followed by the popular, albeit by-the-numbers action thriller '']'' (1996), and the ]-based '']'' (1997), where he played the villain ]. This was his final film before taking time to recuperate from a back injury. Following the failure of ''Batman & Robin'', Schwarzenegger's film career and box office prominence went into decline. | |||
| Several film projects were announced with Schwarzenegger attached to star, including the remake of '']'', a new film version of '']'', and a ] film scripted by ] that would have seen Schwarzenegger finally play an Austrian. | |||
| Instead, he returned after a hiatus with the supernatural thriller '']'' (1999). Schwarzenegger later starred in the action films '']'' (2000) and '']'' (2002). In 2003, he reprised his most famous role once again in '']'', which went on to earn over $150 million domestically. He was also rumored to be a frontrunner to play Hank McCoy (alias ]) in the 2003 film '']''. The character was ultimately written out of the script in favor of adding ]. Beast was later featured in the third X-Men movie portrayed by ]. | |||
| ]]] | |||
| In tribute to Schwarzenegger in 2002, Forum Stadtpark, a local cultural association, proposed plans to build a 25-meter (82-foot) tall ''Terminator'' statue in a park in central Graz. Schwarzenegger reportedly said he was flattered, but thought the money would be better spent on social projects and the ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Arnold wants 'Terminator' statue killed |publisher=Killoggs |url=http://www.killoggs.com/news/?news=609 |date=2002-09-27 |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> | |||
| His latest film appearances included a 3-second cameo appearance in '']'' (AKA, ''Welcome to the Jungle'') with ], and the 2004 remake of '']'', notable for featuring him onscreen with action star ] for the first time. | |||
| Schwarzenegger has stated in many interviews that he never regrets doing a role, and he feels really bad when he turns down a role. There are conflicting reports as to whether Schwarzenegger will be starring in the next Terminator installment — '']''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Arnold Schwarzenegger Signs for Terminator 4 and True Lies 2 |publisher=Softpedia |url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Arnold-Schwarzenegger-Signs-For-Terminator-4-And-True-Lies-2-10297.shtml |accessdate=2008-04-18|last=Stroia |first=Mihaela}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Terminator 4 (2009) |publisher=IMDb |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0438488/ |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> However, it is currently widely reported that Schwarzenegger will only have a brief role in ''Terminator Salvation: The Future Begins''. | |||
| Schwarzenegger voiced ] in Episode 24 ("]") of '']''. | |||
| ] and ] ] famously said, "Arnold Schwarzenegger's acted in plenty of movies, but spoken less dialogue than any actor, except maybe Lassie."<ref name="governG2"/> | |||
| == Political career == | |||
| ] meets with Schwarzenegger for the first time at the ]]] | |||
| {{main|Political career of Arnold Schwarzenegger}} | |||
| Schwarzenegger has been a registered ] for many years. As an actor, his political views were always well-known as they contrasted with those of many other prominent Hollywood stars, who are generally considered to be a ] and ]-leaning community. At the ], Schwarzenegger gave a speech and explained why he was a Republican:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/08/31/gop.schwarzenegger.transcript/ |year=August 31, 2004 |title=Schwarzenegger: No country more welcoming than the USA |publisher=CNN.com |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> | |||
| {{cquote|I finally arrived here in 1968. What a special day it was. I remember I arrived here with empty pockets but full of dreams, full of determination, full of desire. The ] was in full swing. I remember watching the ]-] presidential race on TV. A friend of mine who spoke German and English translated for me. I heard Humphrey saying things that sounded like ], which I had just left. | |||
| But then I heard Nixon speak. He was talking about free enterprise, getting the government off your back, lowering the taxes and strengthening the military. Listening to Nixon speak sounded more like a breath of fresh air. I said to my friend, I said, "What party is he?" My friend said, "He's a Republican." I said, "Then I am a Republican." And I have been a Republican ever since.}} | |||
| In 1985, Schwarzenegger appeared in '']'', an anti-] music video sponsored by the ]. He first came to wide public notice as a Republican during the ], accompanying then-] ] at a campaign rally. Attacking Bush's Democratic opponents, he said to the crowd, "They all look like a bunch of girlie men, right?"<ref name="SFGirlieMen">{{cite news |title=Schwarzenegger deems opponents 'girlie-men' |date=2004-07-18 |url =http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/07/18/MNGH57NKAF1.DTL |work=The San Francisco Chronicle |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> | |||
| Schwarzenegger's first political appointment was as chairman of the ], on which he served from 1990 to 1993.<ref name="lifeline"/> He was nominated by George H. W. Bush, who dubbed him "] the Republican". He later served as Chairman for the California Governor's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports under Governor ]. Yet, political analysts have identified Schwarzenegger as a liberal, as he has become more left-leaning since his election.<ref name="White">{{cite web |url=http://usliberals.about.com/b/2006/01/14/arnold-schwarzenegger-californias-newest-democrat.htm |title=''Arnold Schwarzenegger, California's Newest Democrat'' |accessdate=2008-04-18 |last=White |first=Deborah |date=2006-01-14}}</ref> | |||
| Between 1993 and 1994, Schwarzenegger was a Red Cross "ambassador" (a mostly ceremonial role fulfilled by celebrities), recording several television/radio ] to give blood. A small amount of interest was garnered by his wearing of a white t-shirt with the Red Cross on it, while posing with a flexed arm; the image made it into several celebrity magazines. | |||
| In an interview with '']'' magazine in late 1999, Schwarzenegger was asked if he thought of running for office. He replied, "I think about it many times. The possibility is there, because I feel it inside."<ref name="governtalk">{{cite news |title=Arnold cast as Governor? |date=1999-10-04 |url=http://www.schwarzenegger.com/news.asp?id=90 |work=Schwarzenegger.com |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> '']'' claimed shortly after that Schwarzenegger sought to end speculation that he might run for ].<ref name="governtalk"/> Following his initial comments, Schwarzenegger said, "I'm in show business — I am in the middle of my career. Why would I go away from that and jump into something else?"<ref name="governtalk"/> | |||
| ] meets with Schwarzenegger after his successful election to the California Governorship]] | |||
| Schwarzenegger announced his candidacy in the ] election for Governor of California on the ], ] episode of '']''.<ref name="profilear"/> As a candidate in the recall election, Schwarzenegger had the most name recognition in a crowded field of candidates, but he had never held public office and his political views were unknown to most Californians. His candidacy was immediate national and international news, with media outlets dubbing him the "Governator" (referring to ''The Terminator'' movies, see above) and "The Running Man" (the name of another one of his films), and calling the recall election "Total Recall" (yet another Schwarzenegger starrer) and "Terminator 4: Rise of the Candidate" (referring to his film ''Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines''). Schwarzenegger declined to participate in several debates with other recall replacement candidates, and appeared in only one debate on ], ].<ref name="FirstDebate">{{cite news |last=Grey|first=Barry|title=First debate in California recall election: Snapshot of a political system in crisis |date=2003-11-06 |url=http://www.wsws.org/articles/2003/sep2003/cali-s06.shtml |work=wsws.org |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> | |||
| On ], ], the recall election resulted in Governor ] being removed from office with 55.4% of the ''Yes'' vote in favor of a recall. Schwarzenegger was elected Governor of California under the second question on the ballot with 48.6% of the vote to choose a successor to Davis. Schwarzenegger defeated Democrat ], fellow Republican ], and others. His nearest rival, Bustamante, received less than 30% of the vote. In total, Schwarzenegger won the election by about 1.3 million votes. Under the regulations of the ], no runoff election was required. Schwarzenegger was the first foreign-born governor in California history since ]-born Governor ] in 1862. | |||
| As soon as Schwarzenegger was elected governor, ] said he would start a drive to recall the governor. Schwarzenegger was equally entrenched in what he considered to be his mandate in cleaning up ]. Asked whether he would seek bipartisan cooperation from the Democrats in the State Senate, Schwarzenegger quipped that he saw no reason to "talk with losers." Building on a catchphrase from a sketch partly parodying his bodybuilding career, Schwarzenegger called the Democratic State politicians "]," (a reference from a '']'' sketch called "]").<ref name="SFGirlieMen"/> | |||
| ]]] | |||
| Schwarzenegger enjoyed a large degree of success and victories in his early governorship, including repealing an unpopular increase in the vehicle registration fee as well as preventing driver's licenses being given out to illegal immigrants, but later began to feel the backlash when powerful state unions began to oppose his various initiatives.{{Who|date=July 2007}}<!--Who has reported that S. enjoyed success?--> Key among his reckoning with political realities was a ] he called in November 2005, in which four ballot measures he sponsored were defeated. Schwarzenegger accepted personal responsibility for the defeats and vowed to continue to seek consensus for the people of California. He would later comment that "no one could win if the opposition raised 160 million dollars to defeat you." | |||
| Schwarzenegger then bucked the advice of fellow Republican strategists and appointed a Democrat, Susan Kennedy, as his Chief of Staff. Schwarzenegger scrambled toward the political middle, determined to build a winning legacy with only a short time to go until the next ] election. | |||
| He has appeared alongside his fellow actor from ''Around the World in 80 Days'', Jackie Chan, in a government advertisement to combat copyright piracy.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jackie Chan and Arnold vs Piracy |publisher=Google Video |url=http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=6443035544827856436&q=Jackie+Chan&pr=goog-sl |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> | |||
| Schwarzenegger ran for re-election against ] ], the ], in the ], held on ] ]. Despite a poor year nationally for the Republican party, Schwarzenegger won re-election with 56.0% of the vote compared with 38.9% for Angelides, a margin of well over one million votes.<ref>{{cite web |title=General Election — Governor |publisher=California Secretary of State |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20070219111658/http://vote.ss.ca.gov/Returns/gov/00.htm |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> The election further enhanced his political credentials. | |||
| It is rumored that Schwarzenegger might run for the ] in 2010 (he will be term-limited then), if incumbent Senator ] retires. | |||
| Wendy Leigh, who wrote an unofficial biography on Schwarzenegger, claims he plotted his political rise from an early age using the movie business and ] as building blocks to escape a depressing home.<ref name="governG2"/> Leigh portrays Schwarzenegger as ] with power and quotes him as saying, "I wanted to be part of the small percentage of people who were leaders, not the large mass of followers. I think it is because I saw leaders use 100% of their potential — I was always fascinated by people in control of other people."<ref name="governG2"/> Schwarzenegger has said that it was never his intention to enter ], but he says, "I married into a political family. You get together with them and you hear about policy, about reaching out to help people. I was exposed to the idea of being a public servant and Eunice and Sargent Shriver became my heroes."<ref name="LAWarn"/> Eunice Kennedy Shriver was sister of ], and ] to Schwarzenegger, Sargent Shriver is husband to Eunice and ] to Schwarzenegger. According to the 2005 Year-in-Review issue of '']'' magazine, citizens<!-- which citizens? --> are hoping to amend the ] so that he can run for ].<ref name="LAWarn"/> Indeed, in '']'', Schwarzenegger is portrayed as the President and in the Sylvester Stallone movie "Demolition Man", it is revealed there was an amendment to the constitution that allowed him to become President. | |||
| Schwarzenegger is a dual Austria/United States citizen.<ref name="DamageAustria">{{cite news |title=BBC News: Schwarzenegger 'damages Austria' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4198633.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=2005-01-22 |accessdate=2008-04-18 |quote=He said Mr Schwarzenegger, who has dual nationality...}}</ref> He holds Austrian citizenship by birth and has held U.S. citizenship since becoming naturalized in 1983. Being Austrian and thus European he was able to win the 2007 ] campaigner of the year award for taking action against climate change with the California ] and plans to introduce an emissions trading scheme with other US states and possibly with the EU.<ref name="EV50">{{cite web |title=Schwarzenegger wins European Voice campaigner of the year award |publisher=European Voice |url=http://www.ev50.org/noflash/gala.asp?id=18 |date=2007-11-27 |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> | |||
| Schwarzenegger does not accept his governor's salary of $175,000 per year, and instead donates it to charities.<ref name="Taxformsre">{{cite web |last=Nelson |first=Soraya |title=News: Schwarzenegger releases tax returns |publisher=OCRegister.com |url=http://www.ocregister.com/ocregister/news/atoz/article_1102616.php |date=2006-04-15 |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> | |||
| Schwarzenegger's endorsement in the ] of the ] was highly sought; despite being good friends with candidates Mayor ] and Senator ], Schwarzenegger remained neutral throughout 2007 and early 2008. Giuliani dropped out of the Presidential race on ], ], largely because of a poor showing in Florida, and endorsed McCain. Later that night, Schwarzenegger was in the audience at a Republican debate at the ] in ], ]. The following day, he endorsed McCain, joking, "It's Rudy's fault!" (in reference to his friendships with both candidates and that he could not make up his mind). Schwarzenegger's endorsement was thought to be a boost for Senator McCain's campaign; both spoke about their environmental concerns and concerns for the economy. | |||
| In a recent satellite broadcast with UK Conservative Party MP ], Schwarzenegger was recorded commenting on Johnson, stating that "This guy is fumbling all over the place". The statement was not broadcasted live at the time, but was later released and picked up on by the British media.<ref name="Schwarzenegger on Boris Johnson>{{cite web |publisher=YouTube |url=http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=6wrSUeDxBhg |title=Schwarzenegger on Boris Johnson |accessdate=2008-05-07}}</ref> | |||
| === Electoral history === | |||
| {{Election box begin|title=California Gubernatorial Recall Election 2003}} | |||
| {{Election box candidate with party link | |||
| | party = Republican Party (US) | |||
| | candidate = Arnold Schwarzenegger | |||
| | votes = 4,206,284 | |||
| | percentage = 48.6 | |||
| | change = | |||
| }} | |||
| {{Election box candidate with party link | |||
| | party = Democratic Party (US) | |||
| | candidate = ] | |||
| | votes = 2,724,874 | |||
| | percentage = 31.5 | |||
| | change = | |||
| }} | |||
| {{Election box candidate with party link | |||
| | party = Republican Party (US) | |||
| | candidate = ] | |||
| | votes = 1,161,287 | |||
| | percentage = 13.5 | |||
| | change = | |||
| }} | |||
| {{Election box candidate with party link | |||
| | party = Green Party (US) | |||
| | candidate = ] | |||
| | votes = 242,247 | |||
| | percentage = 2.8 | |||
| | change = | |||
| }} | |||
| {{Election box end}} | |||
| {{Election box begin|title=California Gubernatorial Election 2006}} | |||
| {{Election box candidate with party link | |||
| | party = Republican Party (United States) | |||
| | candidate = Arnold Schwarzenegger<br>(Incumbent) | |||
| | votes = 4,850,157 | |||
| | percentage = 55.9 | |||
| | change = +7.3 | |||
| }} | |||
| {{Election box candidate with party link | |||
| | party = Democratic Party (United States) | |||
| | candidate = ] | |||
| | votes = 3,376,732 | |||
| | percentage = 39.0 | |||
| | change = | |||
| }} | |||
| {{Election box candidate with party link | |||
| | party = Green Party (United States) | |||
| | candidate = ] | |||
| | votes = 205,995 | |||
| | percentage = 2.3 | |||
| | change = -0.5 | |||
| }} | |||
| {{Election box end}} | |||
| == Environmental record == | |||
| On ], ] Schwarzenegger signed a bill creating the nation’s first cap on greenhouse gas emissions. The law set new regulations on the amount of emissions utilities, refineries and manufacturing plants are allowed to release into the atmosphere. Schwarzenegger also signed a second global warming bill that prohibits large utilities and corporations in California from making long-term contracts with suppliers who do not meet the state’s greenhouse gas emission standards. The two bills are part of a plan to reduce California’s emissions by 25 percent to 1990’s levels by 2020. In 2005, Schwarzenegger issued an executive order calling to reduce greenhouse gases to 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050.<ref> ''Washington Post''. ], ]. Accessed ] ].</ref> | |||
| Schwarzenegger signed another executive order on ], ] allowing California to work with the Northeast’s Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative. They plan to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by issuing a limited amount of carbon credits to each power plant in participating states. Any power plants that exceed emissions for the amount of carbon credits they have will have to purchase more credits to cover the difference. The plan is set to be in effect in 2009.<ref> ''Fox News''. ], ]. Accessed ], ]</ref> | |||
| In addition to using his political power to fight global warming, the governor has taken steps at his home to reduce his personal carbon footprint. Schwarzenegger has adapted one of his ]s to run on hydrogen and another to run on biofuels. He has also installed solar panels to heat his home.<ref> ''Fortune Magazine''. ], ]. Accessed ], ].</ref> | |||
| == Personal life == | |||
| ] in ], ]]] | |||
| In 1977, Schwarzenegger's autobiography/weight-training guide ''Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder'' was published and became a huge success.<ref name="lifeline"/> at ] in ], California, he earned a ] from the ], where he graduated Business and International Economics in 1979.<ref name="lifeline"/> | |||
| Schwarzenegger became a U.S. citizen in 1983,<ref name="lifeline"/> although he also ].<ref>Leamer, Lawrence, ''Fantastic — The Life of Arnold Schwarzenegger'' (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2005), p155</ref> | |||
| On ], ], Schwarzenegger married television journalist ], niece of the past ] ] in ]. The Rev. John Baptist Riordan performed the ceremony at St. Francis Xavier Roman Catholic Church.<ref name="MariaOwings">{{cite web |title=Maria Owings Shriver Wed To Arnold Schwarzenegger |publisher=] |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0DE3DF103DF934A15757C0A960948260 |date=1986-04-27 |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> They have four children: Katherine Eunice Schwarzenegger (born ] ] in ]); Christina Maria Aurelia Schwarzenegger (born ] ] in ])<ref>{{cite news |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE0DD1E3DF937A15754C0A967958260&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fPeople%2fS%2fSchwarzenegger%2c%20Arnold |title=Chronicle |publisher=] |date=] |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref>; Patrick Arnold Schwarzenegger (born ] ] in ])<ref>{{cite news |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE6DB1430F932A1575AC0A965958260&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fPeople%2fS%2fShriver%2c%20Maria |title=Chronicle |publisher=] |date=] |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref>; and Christopher Sargent Shriver Schwarzenegger (born ] ] in ])<ref>{{cite news |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D00E3D8103AF933A0575AC0A961958260&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fPeople%2fS%2fShriver%2c%20Maria |title=Chronicle |publisher=] |date=1997-09-30 |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> | |||
| Schwarzenegger and his family currently live in their 11,000-square-foot (1 022 m²) home in ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Next Stop – Governor's Mansion? |publisher=Forbes |url=http://www.forbes.com/2003/06/27/cx_bs_0627movers.html |date=2003-06-27 |accessdate=2008-04-18 |last=Schiffman |first=Betsy}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Mind Behind the Muscles |publisher=TIME |url=http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,474589,00.html |date=2003-08-10 |accessdate=2008-04-18 |last=Lacayo |first=Richard}}</ref> They used to own a home in the ].<ref name="NewHome">{{cite web |title=Schwarzenegger, Shriver selling home in Palisades |publisher=]|url=http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/07/06/RE54354.DTL |date=2003-07-06 |accessdate=2008-04-18 |last=Ryon|first=Ruth}}</ref> The family owns vacation homes in ] and ].<ref name="CatchingUp">{{cite web |title=Catching Up With Maria Shriver |publisher=]|url=http://www.sacmag.com/media/Sacramento-Magazine/May-2004/Catching-Up-With-Maria-Shriver/ |date=May 2004 |accessdate=2008-04-18 |last=Dunteman |first=Dayna}}</ref> Schwarzenegger does not have a home in ]. However, whenever he is in the state capitol, he lives in the ] hotel suite. The suite costs about $65,000 a year.<ref name="SuiteCost">{{cite web |title=Nonprofit subsidizes Schwarzenegger travel frills |publisher=] |url=http://www.ncrp.org/AR-070507-LATimes-NonprofitsubsidizesSchwarzeneggertravelfrills.asp |date=2007-07-05 |accessdate=2008-04-18 |last=Pringle |first=Paul}}</ref> | |||
| On Sundays, the family attends ] at St. Monica's Catholic Church.<ref>{{cite web |title=Maria Shriver Ends Her Silence On Husband's Campaign |publisher=NBC |url=http://www.nbc4.tv/politics/2463270/detail.html |date=2003-09-08 |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> | |||
| Schwarzenegger has said he believes the secret of a good ] is ] and ].<ref name="askarnold1"/> "If you have the ultimate love for your wife and she has it for you, I think you have a great head start … That's not to say it won't be difficult sometimes. You go through your ups and downs but you work through it."<ref name="askarnold1"/> Schwarzenegger has talked about parenthood in 2000: "One of the best things you can do with your children is play with them. At the same time, I act very silly. Many times I do a lot of sports with them. I play games with them. Act out parts. We do little plays, sometimes."<ref name="askarnold1"/> | |||
| His official height of 6'2" (188 cm)<ref name="IMDb bio"/><ref name="mrever"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Ask Arnold |publisher=Schwarzenegger.com |url=http://www.schwarzenegger.com/en/news/askarnold/news_askarnold_eng_legacy_445.asp?sec=news&subsec=askarnold |date=1999 |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> has been brought into question by several articles. In his bodybuilding days in the late 1960s, he was measured to be 6'1.5", a height confirmed by his fellow bodybuilders.<ref>{{cite web |title=Schwarzenegger Measured |publisher=ArnoldHeight |url=http://www.arnoldheight.com/article5.html}}</ref><ref name="HeightArnold"/> In 1988 both the ''Daily Mail'' and ''Time Out'' magazine mentioned that Schwarzenegger appeared noticeably shorter than this publicised figure.<ref>Andrews, N: "True Myths: The life and times of Arnold Schwarzenegger," page 157. Bloomsbury, 2003</ref> More recently, before running for Governor, Schwarzenegger's height was once again questioned in an article by the ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Poor Recall |publisher=Chicago Reader |url=http://www.chicagoreader.com/hottype/2003/030919_1.html |date=2003-09-23 |accessdate=2008-04-18 |last=Miner |first=Michael}}</ref> As Governor, Schwarzenegger engaged in a light-hearted exchange with Assemblyman Herb Wesson over their heights. At one point Wesson made an unsuccessful attempt to, in his own words, "settle this once and for all and find out how tall he is."<ref>{{cite web |title=Incoming governor's mantra: 'Action' |publisher=San Francisco Gate |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2003/10/23/MNG2C2HG8R1.DTL |date=2003-10-23 |accessdate=2008-04-18 |last=Salladay |first=Robert}}</ref> by using a tailor's tape measure on the Governor. Schwarzenegger later retaliated by placing a pillow stitched with the words "Need a lift?" on the five-foot-five (165 cm) Wesson’s chair before a negotiating session in his office.<ref>{{cite web |title=Schwarzenegger Blinked |publisher=National Conference of State Legislators |url=https://www.ncsl.org/programs/pubs/slmag/2004/04SLDec_Schwarzenegger.pdf |accessdate=2008-04-18 |last=Weintraub |first=Daniel}}</ref> The debate on Schwarzenegger's height has spawned a website solely dedicated to it,<ref>{{cite web |title=Arnold Height |publisher=ArnoldHeight |url=http://www.arnoldheight.com}}</ref> and his page remains one of the most active on CelebHeights.com, a website which discusses the heights of celebrities.<ref name="HeightArnold"/> | |||
| In 2005 ] from the ] demanded parliament revoke Schwarzenegger's Austrian citizenship. This demand was based on Article 33 of the Austrian Citizenship Act that states: ''A citizen, who is in the public service of a foreign country, shall be deprived of his citizenship, if he heavily damages the reputation or the interests of the Austrian Republic''.<ref name="DamageAustria"/> Pilz claimed that Schwarzenegger's actions in support of the death penalty (prohibited in Austria under Protocol 13 of the ]) had indeed done damage to Austria's reputation. Schwarzenegger explained his actions by referring to the fact that his only duty as Governor of California was to prevent an error in the judicial system. | |||
| In honor of its most famous son, Schwarzenegger's home town of ] had named its ] stadium "The Arnold Schwarzenegger Stadium". It is the home of both ] and ]. Following the ] execution and after street protests in his hometown, several local politicians began a campaign to remove Schwarzenegger's name from the stadium. Schwarzenegger responded, saying that "to spare the responsible politicians of the city of Graz further concern, I withdraw from them as of this day the right to use my name in association with the Liebenau Stadium," and set a tight deadline of just a couple of days to remove his name. Graz officials removed Schwarzenegger's name from the stadium in December 2005.<ref>{{cite web |title=Graz removes Schwarzenegger name |publisher=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4560182.stm |date=2005-12-26 |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> It is now officially titled ]. | |||
| The Sun Valley Resort has a short ski trail called ''Arnold's Run'', named after Schwarzenegger. The trail is categorized as a black diamond, or most difficult, for its terrain. | |||
| He bought the first ] manufactured for ] use in 1992, a model so large, 6,300 lb (2900 kg) and 7 feet (2.1 m) wide, that it is classified as a large truck and U.S. fuel economy regulations do not apply to it. During the Gubernatorial Recall campaign he announced that he would convert one of his Hummers to burn hydrogen. The conversion was reported to have cost about ]21,000. After the election, he signed an executive order to jump-start the building of hydrogen refueling plants called the "California Hydrogen Highway Network," and gained a ] grant to help pay for its projected US$91,000,000 cost.<ref>{{cite web |title=Thanks to Arnold, California to Pave the Hydrogen Highway |publisher=BMW World |url=http://www.bmwworld.com/hydrogen/schwarzenegger.htm |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> California took delivery of the first H2H (Hydrogen Hummer) in October 2004.<ref>{{cite web |title=HUMMER H2H Hydrogen Powered Experimental Vehicle |publisher=About.com |url=http://trucks.about.com/od/hybridcar/a/hummer_h2h.htm |accessdate=2008-04-18 |last=Wickell |first=Dale}}</ref> | |||
| People in ] celebrated Schwarzenegger's 60th birthday by throwing a party. Officials proclaimed "A Day for Arnold" on ] ]. Thal 145, the number of the house where Schwarzenegger was born, belonged to Schwarzenegger and nobody will ever be assigned to that number.<ref>{{cite web |title=Strudel, schnitzel shower Schwarzenegger at 60th birthday bash |publisher=USATODAY.com |url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-07-30-schwarzenegger_N.htm?csp=34|accessdate=2008-04-18 |author=Associated Press |date=2007}}</ref> | |||
| === Accidents and medical issues === | |||
| Schwarzenegger broke his right ] while skiing in ] with his family on ], ].<ref>{{cite web |author=Associated Press|title=Calif. Gov. Schwarzenegger Breaks Leg in Skiing Accident in Idaho |publisher=FOX News |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,238562,00.html |date=2006-12-24 |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> He tripped over his ski pole on Lower Warm Springs run on Bald Mountain, an 'easy' or green level run. He is an expert level skier. On ], ], he underwent a 90-minute operation in which cables and screws were used to wire the broken bone back together. He was released from the ] on ], ].<ref>{{cite news|title=Schwarzenegger cleared to resume duties after surgery |publisher=] |date=2006-12-26 |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> Schwarzenegger did not delay his second oath of office on ], ], although he was still on crutches at the time. | |||
| Schwarzenegger has twice crashed motorcycles on public highways, injuring himself in the process. On ] ], while riding his ] ], with his son Patrick in the sidecar, another driver backed into the street he was riding on, causing him and his son to collide with the car at a low speed. While his son and the other driver were unharmed, the governor sustained a minor injury to his lip, forcing him to get 15 ]. "No citations were issued" said officer Jason Lee, a police spokesman. Schwarzenegger, who famously rode motorcycles in ], has never obtained an M-1 or M-2 endorsement on his ] ] that would allow him to legally ride a motorcycle without a sidecar on the street. Previously, on ] ], he broke six ]s and was hospitalized for four days after a motorcycle crash in Los Angeles.<ref name="MotorAccident">{{cite web |author=Associated Press|title=Schwarzenegger, son get in motorcycle accident |publisher=USA Today |url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2006-01-09-schwarzenegger-accident_x.htm |date=2006-01-09 |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> | |||
| Schwarzenegger opted in 1997 for a replacement heart valve made of his own transplanted tissue; medical experts predict he will require heart valve replacement surgery in the next two to eight years as his current valve degrades. Schwarzenegger apparently opted against a mechanical valve, the only permanent solution available at the time of his surgery, because it would have sharply limited his physical activity and capacity to exercise.<ref name="ElectHeart">{{cite web |title=Schwarzenegger Has Elective Heart Surgery |publisher=] |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E6D9113FF93BA25757C0A961958260&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fPeople%2fS%2fSchwarzenegger%2c%20Arnold |date=1997-04-18 |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> | |||
| He saved a drowning man's life in 2004 while on vacation in ] by swimming out and bringing him back to shore.<ref>{{cite web |title=Schwarzenegger saves stricken swimmer in Hawaii |publisher=Sify |url=http://sify.com/peopleandplaces/fullstory.php?id=13450922 |date=2004-04-10 |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> | |||
| == Business career == | |||
| ] | |||
| It has been said Schwarzenegger has a "] empire."<ref name="governG2"/><ref name="LAWarn"/> Following his move to the United States, Schwarzenegger became a "prolific goal setter" and would write his objectives at the start of the year on index cards, like starting a mail order business or buying a new car — and succeed in doing so.<ref name="DT2"/> By the age of 30, Schwarzenegger was a millionaire, well before his career in Hollywood. His financial independence came from a series of successful business ventures and investments. In 1968, Schwarzenegger and fellow bodybuilder ] started a bricklaying business. The business flourished thanks to the pair's marketing savvy and an increased demand following a major Los Angeles earthquake in 1971.<ref name="Millionaire Magazine">{{cite web |title=Real Life Action Hero |publisher=Millionaire Magazine |url=http://www.millionaire.com/interviews_schwarzenegger.htm |accessdate=2008-04-18 |last=Morgan |first=Kaya}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title="Working" Out |publisher=Schwarzenegger.com |url=http://www.schwarzenegger.com/en/life/didyouknow/life_didyouknow_eng_legacy_257.asp?sec=life&subsec=didyouknow |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> Schwarzenegger and Columbu used profits from their bricklaying venture to start a mail order business, selling bodybuilding and fitness-related equipment and instructional tapes.<ref name="lifeline"/><ref name="Millionaire Magazine"/> Schwarzenegger rolled profits from the mail order business and his bodybuilding competition winnings into his first real estate venture: an apartment building he purchased for $10,000. He would go on to invest in a number of real estate holding companies.<ref>{{cite web |title=Schwarzenegger reveals pumped-up finances |publisher=San Francisco Gate |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/chronicle/archive/2003/08/10/ARNOLD.TMP |date=2003-08-10 |accessdate=2008-04-18 |last=Williams |first=Lance}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Best Salesman in America? |publisher=Selling Power |url=http://www.sellingpower.com/article/display.asp?aid=SP4182687 |accessdate=2008-04-18 |last=Fleschner |first=Malcolm}}</ref> In 1992, Schwarzenegger and his wife opened a restaurant in ] called ''Schatzi On Main''. ''Schatzi'' literally means "little treasure," colloquial for "honey" or "darling" in German. In 1998, he sold his restaurant.<ref>{{cite web |title=The foundation for taxpayer and consumer rights is in the wrong in its junk fax lawsuit where it falsely blames Arnold Schwarzenegger for faxes sent to promote a restaurant he doesn't own |publisher=Schwarzenegger.com |url=http://www.schwarzenegger.com/en/news/uptotheminute/news_uptotheminute_eng_legacy_16.asp?sec=news&subsec=uptotheminute |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> He invested in a shopping mall in ]. He has talked about some of those who have helped him over the years in business: "I couldn't have learned about business without a parade of teachers guiding me... from ] to ]... and now, ] and ]. I even learned a thing or two from Planet Hollywood, such as when to get out! And I did!"<ref name="per"/> He has significant ownership in ], an investment firm.<ref name="DoggedPath">{{cite web |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |title=Schwarzenegger's Next Goal On Dogged, Ambitious Path |publisher=] |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B06E5D81230F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2|date=2003-08-17|accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> | |||
| === Planet Hollywood === | |||
| {{seealso|Planet Hollywood}} | |||
| Arnold Schwarzenegger was a founding "celebrity investor" in the ] chain of international theme restaurants (modeled after the ]) along with ], ], and ]. Schwarzenegger severed his financial ties with the business in early 2000.<ref name="planetar">{{cite news |title=Arnold leaves planet |date=2000-01-25 |url=http://www.schwarzenegger.com/news.asp?id=71 |work=Schwarzenegger.com |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> Schwarzenegger said the company had not had the success he had hoped for, claiming he wanted to focus his attention on "new US global business ventures" and his movie career.<ref name="planetar"/> | |||
| === Net worth === | |||
| Schwarzenegger's net worth has been conservatively estimated at USD $100 – $200 million.<ref name="100million">{{cite news |last=Williams |first=Lance |title=Schwarzenegger worth $100 million, experts say |date=2003-08-17 |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2003/08/17/TAXES.TMP|work=] |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> Over the years, he invested his ] and ] earnings in an array of ], ], privately controlled ], and ] holdings in the ] and ], so his fortune is sometimes estimated anywhere in between USD $800 – $900 million.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gov. Schwarzenegger's Tax Returns Released |publisher=ABC 7 News |url=http://abclocal.go.com/kgo/story?section=politics&id=4085877 |accessdate=2008-04-18 |last=Matthews |first=Mark}}</ref> In June 1997 Schwarzenegger spent $38 million of his own money on a private Gulfstream Jet.<ref>{{cite book |last=Fleming |first=Charles |title=High Concept: Don Simpson and the Hollywood culture of excess |publisher=Bloomsbury |date=1981 |isbn=0747542627}}</ref> Schwarzenegger once said of his ], "Money doesn't make you happy. I now have $50 million, but I was just as happy when I had $48 million."<ref name=governG2/> "I've made millions as a businessman many times over."<ref name="per"/> | |||
| == Allegations of sexual and personal misconduct == | |||
| ] protesting against Schwarzenegger]] | |||
| During his initial campaign for governor, allegations of sexual and personal misconduct were raised against Schwarzenegger (dubbed ''Gropegate'').<ref name="grope1">{{cite news |title=Sex scandal draws Arnie apology |date=2004-03-10 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/3159122.stm |work=BBC |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> Within the last five days before the election, news reports appeared in the '']'' recounting allegations of sexual misconduct from several individual women, six of whom eventually came forward with their personal stories.<ref name="behaving badly">{{cite web |title=Schwarzenegger sorry for behaving 'badly' toward women |publisher=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/10/02/recall.schwarzenegger/index.html |date=2003-10-03 |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> | |||
| Three of the women claimed he had grabbed their breasts, a fourth said he placed his hand under her skirt on her buttock. A fifth woman claimed Schwarzenegger tried to take off her bathing suit in a hotel elevator, and the last says he pulled her onto his lap and asked her about a particular sex act.<ref name="grope1"/> | |||
| Schwarzenegger admitted that he has "behaved badly sometimes" and apologized, but also stated that "a lot of (what) you see in the stories is not true." This came after an interview in adult magazine '']'' from 1977 surfaced, in which Schwarzenegger discussed attending sexual orgies and using drugs like ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Schwarzenegger's Sex Talk |publisher=The Smoking Gun |url=http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/arnoldinter1.html |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> Schwarzenegger is shown smoking a marijuana joint after winning ] in the 1975 documentary film ''].'' In October 2007, Schwarzenegger defended his actions with the claim that, "(]) is not a drug. It's a leaf."<ref name="Cannabis">{{cite news |title=Governator Arnie: Cannabis Is Not A Drug |date=2007-10-29 |url=http://news.sky.com/skynews/article/0,,30200-1290512,00.html |work=Sky News |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> | |||
| British television personality Anna Richardson settled a libel lawsuit in August 2006 against Schwarzenegger and two of his top aides, Sean Walsh and publicist Sheryl Main.<ref name="AR">{{cite news |title=Schwarzenegger libel 'settled' |date=2006-08-26 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/film/5288194.stm |work=BBC |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> A joint statement read: "The parties are content to put this matter behind them and are pleased that this legal dispute has now been settled."<ref name="AR"/> Richardson claimed they tried to tarnish her reputation by dismissing her allegations that Schwarzenegger touched her breast during a press event (for '']'') in ].<ref name="AR2">{{cite news |title=UK judge allows Arnie libel case |date=2005-03-23 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/film/4375679.stm |work=BBC |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> She claimed Walsh and Main libeled her in a ''Los Angeles Times'' article when they contended she encouraged his behavior.<ref name="AR"/> | |||
| == References == | |||
| {{Reflist|2}} | |||
| == Bibliography == | |||
| * {{cite book |last=Schwarzenegger |first=Arnold |title=Arnold: Developing a Mr. Universe Physique |year=1977 |publisher=Schwarzenegger}} | |||
| * — {{cite book |author=with Douglas Kent Hall |title=Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder |year=1977 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |id=ISBN 0-671-22879-X}} | |||
| * — {{cite book |author=with ] |title=Arnold's Bodybuilding for Men |year=1981 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |id=ISBN 0-671-25613-0}} | |||
| * — {{cite book |author=with Bill Dobbins |title=The New Encyclopedia of Modern Bodybuilding |year=1998 |edition=rev. ed. |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |id=ISBN 0-684-84374-9}} | |||
| * {{cite book |last=Saunders |first=Dave |title="Arnie": Schwarzenegger and the Movies |year=2008 |publisher=I. B. Tauris |location=London}} | |||
| * {{cite book |last=Andrews |first=Nigel |title=True Myths: The Life and Times of Arnold Schwarzenegger: From Pumping Iron to Governor of California |year=2003 |edition=rev. ed. |publisher=Bloomsbury |location=New York |id=ISBN 1-58234-465-5}} | |||
| * {{cite book |last=Blitz |first=Michael |coauthors=and Louise Krasniewicz |title=Why Arnold Matters: The Rise of a Cultural Icon |year=2004 |publisher=Basic Books |location=New York |id=ISBN 0-465-03752-6}} | |||
| * {{cite book |last=Borowitz |first=Andy |authorlink=Andy Borowitz |title=Governor Arnold: A Photodiary of His First 100 Days in Office |year=2004 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |id=ISBN 0-7432-6266-2}} | |||
| * {{cite book |last=Brandon |first=Karen |title=Arnold Schwarzenegger |year=2004 |publisher=Lucent Books |location=San Diego |id=ISBN 1-59018-539-0}} | |||
| * {{cite book |last=Sexton |first=Colleen A. |title=Arnold Schwarzenegger|year=2005 |publisher=Lerner Publications |location=Minneapolis |id=ISBN 0-8225-1634-9}} | |||
| * {{cite book |last=Zannos |first=Susan |title=Arnold Schwarzenegger |year=2000 |publisher=Mitchell Lane |location=Childs, Md. |id=ISBN 1-883845-95-5}} | |||
| === Interviews === | |||
| * at thesmokinggun.com | |||
| * at time.com | |||
| * on ] with ] | |||
| === Film === | |||
| * "Arnold Schwarzenegger — Hollywood Hero" DVD ~ Todd Baker | |||
| * "Pumping Iron" (25th Anniversary Special Edition) DVD ~ George Butler | |||
| * {{imdb|0000216}} | |||
| * | |||
| == See also == | |||
| * ] | |||
| == External links == | |||
| * {{Sisterlinks|Arnold Schwarzenegger}} | |||
| === Official === | |||
| * | |||
| * (Non-Political) | |||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| *AmericanRhetoric.com | |||
| *AmericanRhetoric.com | |||
| === Election websites === | |||
| * | |||
| === Nonpartisan === | |||
| * 2006 campaign contributions | |||
| * 2006 campaign contributions | |||
| * biography | |||
| * issue positions and quotes | |||
| * profile | |||
| === Unofficial === | |||
| * {{imdb|0000216}} | |||
| * (Gallery of Arnold Schwarzenegger's Competitive Years) | |||
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| {{Persondata | |||
| | NAME = Schwarzenegger, Arnold | |||
| | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Schwarzenegger, Arnold Alois | |||
| | SHORT DESCRIPTION = Bodybuilder, actor, and California politician | |||
| | DATE OF BIRTH = {{birth date|1947|7|30|mf=y}} | |||
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Revision as of 13:36, 30 May 2008
Arnold Schwarzenegger was the fugliest man alive.