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'''Pine''' refers to ]ous trees of the Genus '''''Pinus''''' in the Family ]. There are about 115 species of ''Pinus'', although different authors accept anything between about 105 to 125 species. Pine trees are resinous and ]. They have scale leaves that are soon lost and replaced by needles bundled in clusters of 1 to 5 needles each. Pines are monoecious: having male and female cones on the same tree. Female cones take 2-3 years to mature after arrival of the male pollen grain, with actual fertilization delayed one year. '''Pine''' refers to ]ous trees of the Genus '''''Pinus''''' in the Family ]. There are about 115 species of ''Pinus'', although different authors accept anything between about 105 to 125 species. Pine trees are resinous and ]. They have scale leaves that are soon lost and replaced by needles bundled in clusters of (1) 2 to 5 needles each. Pines are monoecious: having male and female cones on the same tree. Female cones take 2-3 years to mature after arrival of the male pollen grain, with actual fertilization delayed one year.


Pines are native to most of North America, ranging from the ] to ] and ] and the ]. They occur naturally in ], ranging from ] and ] east to the ], ], and the ], and south to northernmost ], the ] and ], with one species just crossing the ] in ]. They are also extensively planted in many parts of the Southern hemisphere. Pines are native to most of North America, ranging from the ] to ] and ] and the ]. They occur naturally in ], ranging from ] and ] east to the ], ], and the ], and south to northernmost ], the ] and ], with one species just crossing the ] in ]. They are also extensively planted in many parts of the Southern hemisphere.
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* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* Digger pine, ] or Gray pine, ''Pinus sabiniana'' * Gray pine, ] or Digger pine, ''Pinus sabineana''
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
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* ] * ]
* ] * ]
Many more species occur in Mexico south of the US border


⚫ European Pine species:
The most common pine species in Europe include ] (also known as Black Pine, ''Pinus nigra''), and ] (''Pinus sylvestris'').
* ] - ''P. halepensis''
⚫ European Pine species include the following:
* ] - ''P. nigra'' * ] - ''P. nigra''
* ] - ''P. heldreichii''
* ] - ''P. canariensis''
* ] - ''P. mugo''
* ] - ''P. peuce''
* ] - ''P. pinaster''
* ] - ''P. sylvestris'' * ] - ''P. sylvestris''
* ] - ''P. pinea''
* ] - ''P. cembra''
* ] - ''P. brutia''
Many more species occur in Asia.


=== Reference === === Reference ===
* Richardson, D. M. (ed.). 1998. ''Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 530 p. ISBN 0 521 55176 5.
* Mabberley, D.J. 1987. ''The Plant Book. A portable dictionary of the higher plants''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 706 p. ISBN 0 521 34060 8. * Mabberley, D.J. 1987. ''The Plant Book. A portable dictionary of the higher plants''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 706 p. ISBN 0 521 34060 8.


=== External links === === External links ===
*
* Images of cones of selected species
*
* - scroll down to the Pinaceae * - scroll down to the Pinaceae

Revision as of 21:18, 17 January 2004


This is an article about pine trees. See also: Pine email client.
Pinus, pines
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Pinophyta
Class:Pinopsida
Order:Pinales
Family:Pinaceae
Genus:Pinus
Species

Pinus albicaulis
 Pinus aristata
Pinus cembroides
Pinus edulis
Pinus juarezensis
Pinus longaeva
 Pinus monophylla
Pinus nigra
Pinus palustris
Pinus quadrifolia
Pinus radiata
Pinus sylvestris

~ 103 more

Pine refers to coniferous trees of the Genus Pinus in the Family Pinaceae. There are about 115 species of Pinus, although different authors accept anything between about 105 to 125 species. Pine trees are resinous and evergreen. They have scale leaves that are soon lost and replaced by needles bundled in clusters of (1) 2 to 5 needles each. Pines are monoecious: having male and female cones on the same tree. Female cones take 2-3 years to mature after arrival of the male pollen grain, with actual fertilization delayed one year.

Pines are native to most of North America, ranging from the Arctic to Mexico and Nicaragua and the West Indies. They occur naturally in Eurasia, ranging from Spain and Scotland east to the Russian Far East, Japan, and the Philippines, and south to northernmost Africa, the Himalaya and Southeast Asia, with one species just crossing the Equator in Sumatra. They are also extensively planted in many parts of the Southern hemisphere.

Young pine trees
Commercial planting of young
Longleaf pine trees (Pinus palustris)
(Enlarge image)

Pines grow well in acid soils, some also on calcareous soils. A few are able to sprout after forest fires. Some species of pines need fire to germinate and their populations suffer under fire suppression regimes. Several species are adapted to extreme conditions imposed by elevation and latitude (see Whitebark pine and Bristlecone pine).

Pines are commercially among the most important of species used for timber in temperate and tropical regions of the world. The seeds are commonly eaten by birds and squirrels, and the seeds of some species — called "pine nuts" — are sold commercially for cooking and baking. The resin of some species is important as the source of turpentine.

Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata) and other common pine species are often grown commercially as a source of wood pulp for papermaking. This is because they are fast-growing softwoods that can be planted in relatively dense stands, and because their resinous needles inhibit the growth of other plants (e.g. weeds) in the cropping areas. Pine plantations can be at risk for fire damage because pine resin is flammable to the point of a tree being explosive under some conditions.

List of pine species

North American pine species:

Many more species occur in Mexico south of the US border

European Pine species:

Many more species occur in Asia.

Reference

  • Richardson, D. M. (ed.). 1998. Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 530 p. ISBN 0 521 55176 5.
  • Mabberley, D.J. 1987. The Plant Book. A portable dictionary of the higher plants. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 706 p. ISBN 0 521 34060 8.

External links